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Sample Greek Pharmacist License Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Greek Pharmacist License exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which pharmacokinetic parameter explains why the oral bioavailability of nitroglycerin is less than 10%, necessitating sublingual or transdermal administration?
A.Rapid degradation by gastric hydrochloric acid
B.Poor gastrointestinal mucosal permeability
C.Extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism
D.High affinity for plasma albumin binding
Explanation: Nitroglycerin undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism by glutathione-organic nitrate reductase when absorbed via the portal circulation, resulting in systemic oral bioavailability under 10%. Sublingual administration bypasses the portal system by draining directly into the superior vena cava.
2A patient requires a loading dose of an intravenous drug with an apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of 35 liters to achieve a target plasma concentration of 4 mg/L. What is the required loading dose?
A.70 mg
B.140 mg
C.280 mg
D.8.75 mg
Explanation: The loading dose is calculated using the formula: Loading Dose = Vd × Target Plasma Concentration (Css). For a Vd of 35 L and a target concentration of 4 mg/L, Loading Dose = 35 L × 4 mg/L = 140 mg.
3For a drug that follows first-order elimination kinetics, what percentage of the initial dose remains in the body after three elimination half-lives?
A.50.0%
B.25.0%
C.6.25%
D.12.5%
Explanation: In first-order kinetics, half of the remaining drug is eliminated per half-life. After 1 half-life, 50% remains; after 2 half-lives, 25% remains; after 3 half-lives, 12.5% remains (87.5% eliminated).
4Which medication exhibits zero-order (saturation) elimination kinetics at therapeutic or slightly supratherapeutic plasma concentrations?
A.Phenytoin
B.Gentamicin
C.Amoxicillin
D.Digoxin
Explanation: Phenytoin exhibits Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics that saturate within the therapeutic range (10-20 mg/L). Once metabolizing hepatic enzymes (CYP2C9/2C19) are saturated, the elimination rate becomes constant (zero-order), causing disproportionate increases in serum concentrations with small dose adjustments.
5A 58-year-old patient with hypertension treated with enalapril develops a persistent, non-productive dry cough. What is the primary biochemical mediator responsible for this adverse reaction?
A.Angiotensin II
B.Bradykinin
C.Endothelin-1
D.Thromboxane A2
Explanation: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is identical to kininase II, the enzyme responsible for degrading bradykinin and substance P. Inhibition of ACE leads to mucosal accumulation of bradykinin and prostaglandins in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, stimulating sensory C-fibers and causing cough.
6Which antihypertensive class is preferred in a patient with type 2 diabetes and persistent microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g) who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to intractable dry cough?
A.Non-cardioselective beta-blockers
B.Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
C.Loop diuretics
D.Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Explanation: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs, such as losartan or valsartan) selectively block AT1 receptors without inhibiting kininase II, providing renoprotection by dilating efferent renal arterioles without accumulating bradykinin or inducing dry cough.
7Which beta-adrenergic antagonist exhibits dual alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptor blockade, providing balanced peripheral vasodilation and cardiac rate reduction in heart failure?
A.Carvedilol
B.Atenolol
C.Bisoprolol
D.Metoprolol
Explanation: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker with additional selective alpha-1 adrenergic blocking activity, producing peripheral vasodilation and afterload reduction in addition to beta-blockade, which improves survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
8A patient with stable angina and supraventricular tachycardia is treated with verapamil. Which pharmacodynamic property distinguishes verapamil from amlodipine?
A.Stimulation of sympathetic reflex tachycardia
B.Potent selective arterial vasodilation without cardiac action
C.Pronounced negative inotropic and dromotropic effects on the AV node
D.Blockade of sodium-potassium ATPase pumps
Explanation: Verapamil is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with high selectivity for cardiac L-type calcium channels, depressing Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular nodal conduction (negative dromotropy) and myocardial contractility (negative inotropy). Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine with vascular selectivity.
9Which combination of drug classes represents the recommended guideline-directed quadruple medical therapy (GDMT) for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
A.Beta-blocker + Loop diuretic + Aldosterone antagonist + Ivabradine
B.ACEI + Calcium channel blocker + Loop diuretic + Digoxin
C.ARB + Thiazide diuretic + Alpha-blocker + Nitrate
D.ARNI/ACEI + Beta-blocker + Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) + SGLT2 inhibitor
Explanation: Current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines mandate foundational quadruple therapy for HFrEF: an Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI, sacubitril/valsartan) or ACEI, an evidence-based beta-blocker (carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol), an MRA (spironolactone or eplerenone), and an SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin or empagliflozin).
10Which statin is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9 rather than CYP3A4, significantly reducing its risk of pharmacokinetic interactions with macrolide antibiotics and azole antifungals?
A.Simvastatin
B.Rosuvastatin
C.Atorvastatin
D.Lovastatin
Explanation: Rosuvastatin undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism (approx. 10%), primarily mediated by CYP2C9 rather than CYP3A4. In contrast, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and lovastatin are extensive CYP3A4 substrates and carry high risks of myopathy when co-administered with CYP3A4 inhibitors (clarithromycin, itraconazole). Pravastatin is another non-CYP option.

About the Greek Pharmacist License Exam

The Greek Pharmacist License Examination (Εξετάσεις για τη Χορήγηση Άδειας Ασκήσεως Επαγγέλματος Φαρμακοποιού) is the statutory national licensing examination required for pharmacy graduates in Greece to obtain the official license to practice as a licensed pharmacist (Άδεια Ασκήσεως Επαγγέλματος Φαρμακοποιού) and own or manage a community or hospital pharmacy. Regulated by the Ministry of Health and administered by the Central Health Council (ΚΕΣΥ) at the Universities of Athens and Thessaloniki, the examination tests pharmacology, compounding technology, pharmacopoeia monographs, toxicology, and pharmaceutical jurisprudence.

Exam sponsor: Central Health Council (ΚΕΣΥ / Ke.S.Y.) / Hellenic Ministry of Health. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Run by the Central Health Council (ΚΕΣΥ) under the Hellenic Ministry of Health across five examination periods a year — February, April, June, October and December. Candidates sit one subject per day over five consecutive days: Πρακτικές Ασκήσεις (practical exercises), Φαρμακοποιΐα-Φαρμακοτεχνία (pharmacopoeia and pharmaceutical technology), Νομοθεσία-Ιστορία-Εμπορευματολογία (legislation, history and merchandising), Τοξικολογία (toxicology) and Φαρμακολογία (pharmacology). A grade of at least 'Καλώς' (2 on the 0-4 scale) in every subject is required to pass; failed subjects are re-sat after two, three or six months depending on how many were failed.

Time Limit

Five examination days, one per subject, within the announced examination period

Passing Score

Grade of at least 'Good' (Καλώς / 2 on the official 3-tier pass scale, corresponding to ≥5/10) in each of the five examined subjects

Exam / Certification Fees

€11.74 examination fee (παράβολο συμμετοχής), obtained only from the Consignment Deposits and Loans Fund and payable only by first-time candidates; candidates re-sitting failed subjects pay nothing. A separate €8.00 state fee (παράβολο Δημοσίου) applies on issue of the certificate to practise

Exam sponsor website

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

30%

Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Φαρμακολογία)

Pharmacokinetics (ADME, clearance, half-life, volume of distribution), pharmacodynamics, autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, central nervous system agents, antimicrobial chemotherapy, endocrine drugs, and drug-drug interactions.

25%

Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology (Φαρμακοποιία - Φαρμακοτεχνία)

Hellenic and European Pharmacopoeia monographs, dosage form design, liquid formulations (solutions, syrups, suspensions, emulsions), solid dosage forms (tablets, capsules), semi-solids (ointments, creams, gels), sterile compounding, stability, and physicochemical properties.

15%

Toxicology & Safety (Τοξικολογία)

General toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, risk assessment (risk/benefit, TLVs, BLVs), clinical toxicology of acute poisonings (paracetamol, salicylates, opioids, benzodiazepines, digoxin), toxic metals, organophosphates, household chemicals, and specific antidotes.

15%

Pharmacy Legislation, History & Merchandising (Νομοθεσία - Ιστορία - Εμπορευματολογία)

Greek pharmacy legal framework (Law 5607/1932, Law 1965/1991, Law 4254/2014, Law 4558/2018), EOF regulations, narcotics and controlled substances (Law 3459/2006, single/double red-line prescriptions), code of deontology, Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP), and pharmacy operation requirements.

15%

Practical Exercises: Dispensing, Prescription Execution & Calculations (Πρακτικές Ασκήσεις)

Prescription interpretation and verification, posology checking, pharmaceutical calculations (alligation alternate, osmolarity, isotonicity/NaCl equivalent, pediatric dosing, dilutions), magistral compounding, patient counseling, and contraindication screening.

Preparing for the Greek Pharmacist License Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Grade of at least 'Good' (Καλώς / 2 on the official 3-tier pass scale, corresponding to ≥5/10) in each of the five examined subjects
  • Assessment: Run by the Central Health Council (ΚΕΣΥ) under the Hellenic Ministry of Health across five examination periods a year — February, April, June, October and December. Candidates sit one subject per day over five consecutive days: Πρακτικές Ασκήσεις (practical exercises), Φαρμακοποιΐα-Φαρμακοτεχνία (pharmacopoeia and pharmaceutical technology), Νομοθεσία-Ιστορία-Εμπορευματολογία (legislation, history and merchandising), Τοξικολογία (toxicology) and Φαρμακολογία (pharmacology). A grade of at least 'Καλώς' (2 on the 0-4 scale) in every subject is required to pass; failed subjects are re-sat after two, three or six months depending on how many were failed.
  • Time limit: Five examination days, one per subject, within the announced examination period
  • Exam / certification fees: €11.74 examination fee (παράβολο συμμετοχής), obtained only from the Consignment Deposits and Loans Fund and payable only by first-time candidates; candidates re-sitting failed subjects pay nothing. A separate €8.00 state fee (παράβολο Δημοσίου) applies on issue of the certificate to practise Official sources

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Greek Pharmacist License: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master Greek and EU pharmaceutical legislation: thoroughly review Law 5607/1932, Law 1965/1991, Law 4254/2014, and the narcotics framework under Law 3459/2006 (single-line vs. double-line red prescriptions and special record-keeping).
2Focus on European and Hellenic Pharmacopoeia standards: understand compounding methods for magistral formulas, suspension stabilization, emulsion types (o/w vs. w/o), HLB values, and sterilization methods (autoclaving, dry heat, filtration).
3Sharpen toxicological clinical knowledge: review management protocols, toxic mechanisms, and specific antidotes for paracetamol (N-acetylcysteine), organophosphates (atropine and pralidoxime), opioids (naloxone), and heavy metals (EDTA, dimercaprol).
4Practice pharmaceutical calculations rigorously: be fluent in alligation alternate, isotonicity adjustments using sodium chloride equivalents, osmolarity (mOsmol/L), pediatric dosing calculations (mg/kg/day), and dilution problems.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Greek Pharmacist License Examination?

It is the official state licensing examination (Εξετάσεις για τη Χορήγηση Άδειας Ασκήσεως Επαγγέλματος Φαρμακοποιού) administered by the Central Health Council (ΚΕΣΥ) and the Hellenic Ministry of Health, required for pharmacy graduates to practice pharmacy legally and open or manage a community pharmacy in Greece.

Who is eligible to take the Greek Pharmacist License Examination?

Graduates holding a recognized 5-year university Pharmacy degree (Πτυχίο Φαρμακευτικής) from a Greek university (EKPA, AUTH, or University of Patras) or recognized equivalent through DOATAP for foreign graduates, who have completed 12 months of mandatory practical training (6 months in a community pharmacy, 3 months in a hospital pharmacy, and 3 months in either community or hospital pharmacy).

Where and when are the examinations conducted?

There are five examination periods a year — February, April, June, October and December. The Ministry of Health publishes the timetable for the Athens sitting, held at the Pharmacy Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in Zografou; the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Pharmacy Department publishes the syllabus for candidates examined in Thessaloniki. Results are published per period for first-time and re-examined candidates separately.

What subjects are tested on the examination?

Five subjects, named in the Ministry's own timetable: Πρακτικές Ασκήσεις (practical exercises), Φαρμακοποιΐα-Φαρμακοτεχνία (pharmacopoeia and pharmaceutical technology), Νομοθεσία-Ιστορία-Εμπορευματολογία (legislation, history and merchandising), Τοξικολογία (toxicology) and Φαρμακολογία (pharmacology). The Ministry publishes the εξεταστέα ύλη for pharmacology and toxicology, and for legislation and history, on its ΚΕΣΥ pages.

What is the passing standard and re-examination rule?

Under Article 13 of Law 206/1947 a candidate passes only by scoring at least 'Καλώς' — 2 on the scale 4 Άριστα, 3 Λίαν καλώς, 2 Καλώς, 1 Μετρίως, 0 Κακώς — in every examined subject. Failed subjects are re-sat alone, after two months if one subject was failed, three months if two were failed and six months if three were failed. Re-examined candidates pay no examination fee.

Is this practice question bank an official exam simulation?

No. The official examination is set and sat in Greek, subject by subject, and the Ministry of Health publishes no item count or item type for its papers. This OpenExamPrep bank is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation, not an official translation and not a simulation of the official paper format. It is designed to help candidates and internationally trained pharmacists work through the pharmacology, pharmacopoeia and compounding, toxicology, Greek pharmacy law and dispensing calculations that the five statutory subjects cover.