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100+ Free European Baccalaureate Science, Technology and Society (STS) Practice Questions
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2026 Statistics
Key Facts: European Baccalaureate Science, Technology and Society (STS) Exam
OSGES S6-S7
Official European Schools Baccalaureate curriculum standard
Office of the Secretary-General of the European Schools
180 Mins
Official written examination duration
OSGES EB Exam Regulations
Min 5.0
Minimum passing score required on 0–10 European Baccalaureate grading scale
European Baccalaureate Marking System
5 Modules
Nature of Science, Energy/Climate, Biotechnology, Digital/AI, Science Policy & Ethics
OSGES STS Syllabus (Doc 2024-01-D-46)
100
Practice questions available in this OpenExamPrep bank
OpenExamPrep
The European Baccalaureate Science, Technology and Society (STS) is administered by the Office of the Secretary-General of the European Schools (OSGES). Official assessment involves written/oral components graded on a 0-10 scale (passing score 5.0). Local questions on OpenExamPrep are an English-language MCQ study adaptation designed for syllabus revision.
Sample European Baccalaureate Science, Technology and Society (STS) Practice Questions
Try these sample questions to test your European Baccalaureate Science, Technology and Society (STS) exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.
1According to Karl Popper's criterion of falsifiability, which feature distinguishes a genuinely scientific hypothesis from a non-scientific or pseudoscientific assertion?
A.It must make testable predictions that can potentially be empirically disproved.
B.It must be supported by absolute inductive proof derived from repetitive observations.
C.It must be endorsed by unanimous consensus across the international scientific community.
D.It must explain all past and present empirical data without any possible exceptions.
Explanation: Karl Popper proposed that scientific statements are defined by their falsifiability—meaning they generate specific empirical predictions that could be proven false by observation or experiment. Statements that can accommodate any outcome are non-falsifiable and fall outside empirical science.
2In Thomas Kuhn's philosophy of science, what characterizes a 'paradigm shift' during a scientific revolution?
A.The gradual linear accumulation of facts within an established scientific framework.
B.The replacement of an existing conceptual framework by a new, incompatible paradigm following a crisis.
C.The automatic rejection of theoretical models that contain minor mathematical anomalies.
D.The complete abandonment of empirical testing in favor of purely philosophical speculation.
Explanation: Thomas Kuhn argued that science progresses not through steady linear accretion, but through revolutionary shifts. When accumulated anomalies undermine an existing paradigm, a crisis triggers a paradigm shift that fundamentally replaces the foundational concepts and methodologies of the discipline.
3What is the primary function of peer review in academic scientific publishing?
A.To guarantee that published research contains absolute, unalterable truth.
B.To ensure that scientific discoveries are patented before public dissemination.
C.To critically evaluate research methodology, logical rigor, and evidence prior to publication.
D.To restrict scientific publishing exclusively to researchers affiliated with elite institutions.
Explanation: Peer review acts as a critical quality-control mechanism where independent experts scrutinize experimental design, data analysis, and conclusions to maintain methodological standards and academic integrity before publication.
4Which statement best distinguishes a scientific law from a scientific theory?
A.A law is an unproven hypothesis, while a theory is a fully proven principle.
B.A law becomes a theory once it receives mathematical validation from theoretical physicists.
C.A law describes a consistent relationship or pattern in nature, whereas a theory explains why and how it occurs.
D.A law applies exclusively to physics and chemistry, whereas theories apply only to biological sciences.
Explanation: Scientific laws describe observed mathematical or physical regularities (e.g., Newton's Law of Gravitation), whereas scientific theories provide overarching, evidence-based explanatory frameworks for natural phenomena (e.g., General Relativity or Evolutionary Theory).
5What core methodology differentiates a randomized controlled trial (RCT) from an observational cohort study?
A.Random allocation of participants to control and intervention groups to minimize confounding variables.
B.Reliance on self-reported subjective surveys rather than objective physical measurements.
C.Exclusion of control groups to maximize sample size in experimental trials.
D.Longitudinal observation of natural populations without any researcher intervention.
Explanation: Randomized controlled trials randomly assign subjects to active treatment or control groups, effectively isolating cause-and-effect relationships and suppressing selection bias and confounding factors.
6Why is the principle of 'Occam's razor' valuable in scientific modeling?
A.It proves that complex mathematical equations are inherently inaccurate.
B.It recommends selecting the hypothesis with the fewest unproven assumptions among competing explanations.
C.It guarantees that simpler models are always true in natural systems.
D.It requires scientists to eliminate all computer simulations in favor of laboratory experiments.
Explanation: Occam's razor (parsimony) advises that when multiple hypotheses explain observed data equally well, researchers should prefer the simplest explanation that introduces the fewest unverified assumptions.
7How does the 'replication crisis' in contemporary behavioral and biomedical science affect public trust and research practices?
A.It shows that scientific findings can never be trusted under any circumstances.
B.It highlights the need for open data, pre-registration of studies, and rigorous statistical protocols.
C.It invalidates the use of peer-reviewed journals in academic institutions.
D.It demonstrates that double-blind studies produce inherently flawed data.
Explanation: The replication crisis—where independent labs failed to reproduce high-profile experimental results—has spurred systematic reforms, including pre-registering hypotheses, publishing open datasets, and increasing statistical power requirements.
8What logical fallacy occurs when a strong statistical correlation between two variables is presented as direct proof of a causal link?
A.Ad hominem argument.
B.Cum hoc ergo propter hoc (correlation proves causation).
C.False dilemma.
D.Appeal to authority.
Explanation: The fallacy 'cum hoc ergo propter hoc' wrongly assumes that because two events occur together, one must cause the other. Spurious correlations often arise from confounding variables or coincidental statistical alignment.
9Which historical shift exemplifies a major paradigm shift in 19th-century biology?
A.Darwin's theory of natural selection replacing special creation and teleological biology.
B.Mendel's laws replacing modern DNA sequencing techniques.
C.The spontaneous generation theory replacing cell theory.
D.Lamarckian inheritance replacing molecular genetics.
Explanation: Charles Darwin's mechanism of natural selection revolutionized biology by explaining adaptation and speciation through natural, unguided processes, superseding static, teleological views of life.
10How does 'p-hacking' (selective data reporting) compromise scientific research integrity?
A.It encrypts raw experimental data to prevent access by competitor laboratories.
B.It manipulates data collection or statistical analyses until non-significant results yield p < 0.05.
C.It forces researchers to publish negative experimental outcomes exclusively.
D.It replaces computer simulations with unverified qualitative anecdotes.
Explanation: P-hacking involves testing multiple variables, discarding data, or stopping data collection opportunistically to artificially produce a statistically significant p-value (< 0.05), leading to false-positive findings in scientific literature.
About the European Baccalaureate Science, Technology and Society (STS) Practice Questions
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