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2026 Statistics
Key Facts: European Baccalaureate History Exam
180 min
Exam Duration
OSGES Handbook
5.0 / 10
Passing Score
OSGES Marking Scale
EUR 111.49
Exam Fee
OSGES Regulations
The European Baccalaureate History is administered by the Office of the Secretary-General of the European Schools (OSGES). Official assessment involves written/oral components graded on a 0-10 scale (passing score 5.0). Local questions on OpenExamPrep are an English-language MCQ study adaptation designed for syllabus revision.
Sample European Baccalaureate History Practice Questions
Try these sample questions to test your European Baccalaureate History exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.
1Prior to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, which major European powers constituted the Triple Entente?
A.Great Britain, France, and Russia
B.Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
C.Great Britain, Germany, and Russia
D.France, Italy, and Russia
Explanation: The Triple Entente was formed through a series of diplomatic agreements: the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, the Entente Cordiale of 1904 between Britain and France, and the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907. It stood as a counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
2Which event directly precipitated the July Crisis of 1914 and the outbreak of the First World War?
A.The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo
B.The German invasion of neutral Belgium
C.The annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908
D.The First Balkan War of 1912
Explanation: On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb member of the Black Hand. Austria-Hungary used this event to issue an ultimatum to Serbia, setting off the diplomatic July Crisis.
3What primary characteristic defines the concept of 'Total War' as experienced in Europe between 1914 and 1918?
A.Complete mobilization of state economies, societies, and civilian populations to support the war effort
B.The exclusive reliance on naval blockades rather than land warfare to achieve victory
C.A conflict restricted strictly to military personnel on designated front lines
D.The deliberate avoidance of propaganda and state censorship of media
Explanation: Total War in 1914–1918 involved the total mobilization of society: state control of industry, rationing of food and resources, conscription, civilian labor re-allocation (including millions of women), and blurring the line between combatants and non-combatants.
4Which controversial clause of the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to accept sole responsibility for causing the First World War?
A.Article 231 (the War Guilt Clause)
B.Article 42 (Rhineland demilitarization)
C.Article 119 (renunciation of overseas colonies)
D.Article 160 (limitation of the German army to 100,000 men)
Explanation: Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles explicitly stated that Germany and its allies accepted responsibility for causing all loss and damage, serving as the legal basis for demanding financial reparations. It caused profound political resentment across German society.
5What was the principal goal of the League of Nations established under the Paris Peace Treaties of 1919?
A.To preserve international peace and prevent future global wars through collective security and arbitration
B.To enforce the immediate redistribution of European colonies to neutral nations
C.To establish a unified European currency and economic customs union
D.To manage the military occupation of Germany indefinitely
Explanation: Championed by US President Woodrow Wilson, the League of Nations was founded to promote international cooperation and maintain peace via collective security, disarmament, and open diplomacy.
6What strategic assumption underpinned the German Schlieffen Plan executed in August 1914?
A.Russia would mobilize slowly, allowing Germany to rapidly defeat France by invading through neutral Belgium before turning east
B.Britain would remain neutral if Germany refrained from naval bombardment of French ports
C.France could be defeated exclusively by a direct frontal assault against the fortified Alsace-Lorraine frontier
D.The Austro-Hungarian army could single-handedly defeat both Serbia and the Russian Empire
Explanation: Designed by General Alfred von Schlieffen, the plan relied on the premise that Russia's vast territory would require six weeks to mobilize, giving Germany time to knock out France via a quick sweeping invasion through Belgium.
7How did the outcome of the February Revolution of 1917 differ fundamentally from the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia?
A.The February Revolution replaced Tsarist autocracy with a liberal Provisional Government, while the October Revolution brought Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks to power
B.The February Revolution established a communist state, while the October Revolution restored Tsar Nicholas II to power
C.The February Revolution ended Russian participation in WWI, while the October Revolution re-entered the war on the Allied side
D.The February Revolution was led by Petrograd military officers, while the October Revolution was a peasant-led agrarian revolt
Explanation: In March (Feb O.S.) 1917, mass protests forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate, creating the Provisional Government alongside the Petrograd Soviet. In November (Oct O.S.) 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power from the Provisional Government in an armed coup.
8What major concession was Soviet Russia forced to accept under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918?
A.Relinquishing sovereignty over Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Belarus to German control
B.Paying massive reparations to the British Empire in gold bullion
C.Ceding all of Siberia to Japan and agreeing to dismantle the Red Army
D.Surrendering the city of Petrograd and accepting German military governors
Explanation: To exit WWI, Lenin's Bolshevik government signed the punitive Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, stripping Russia of roughly 1/3 of its population, 1/3 of its agricultural land, and over 80% of its iron ore resources.
9Which principle from Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points most heavily influenced the redrawing of Central and Eastern European borders in 1919?
A.National self-determination for ethnic groups
B.Freedom of the seas during war and peace
C.The total abolition of protective economic tariffs
D.The universal prohibition of military conscription
Explanation: National self-determination was a core Wilsonian ideal that led to the creation or restoration of independent nation-states such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, and the Baltic states out of former empires.
10Why did the 1920 Treaty of Trianon leave a legacy of deep revisionist resentment in interwar Hungary?
A.It stripped Hungary of over two-thirds of its pre-war territory and left over 3 million ethnic Hungarians outside its borders
B.It placed Hungary under direct British and French administrative military rule until 1935
C.It forced Hungary to unite forcibly with Austria into a federal Habsburg monarchy
D.It required Hungary to hand over its entire industrial base to Czechoslovakia
Explanation: The Treaty of Trianon reduced Hungary's land area by 72% and population by 64%, transferring Transylvania to Romania, Slovakia to Czechoslovakia, and Vojvodina to Yugoslavia. Revisionism became the dominant driver of interwar Hungarian foreign policy.
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