Free Practice Questions for Estonian Basic-School Chemistry Exam

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Exam Review

Key Facts: Estonian Basic-School Chemistry Exam Exam

120 minutes / 100 points / ~10 tasks

Single written paper spanning general/inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and calculation-problem blocks; the 2023 official paper used 10 numbered tasks worth 6-14 points each

Harno, Põhikooli lõpueksam Keemia 2023 (official exam paper)

50/100 points (50%) to pass

Minimum score for the exam to count as 'sooritatud' (completed) toward the basic-school graduation requirement

Riigi Teataja, Põhikooli ja gümnaasiumi lõpueksamite korraldamise tingimused ja kord

1 of 9 valikeksam subject choices

Keemia is an elective final exam, chosen alongside Bioloogia, Füüsika, Geograafia, Ajalugu, Ühiskonnaõpetus, Vene keel ja kirjandus, Inglise keel (B1) or Vene keel võõrkeelena (B1)

Harno, Põhikooli valikeksam

Grade 8-9 (2-year) curriculum

Chemistry is taught only in Grades 8 and 9 of the three-year III kooliaste, per the national basic-school curriculum's ainevaldkond loodusained

Riigi Teataja, Põhikooli riiklik õppekava (Lisa 4)

6 May 2026

2025/2026 exam date for the Keemia valikeksam, within Harno's general valikeksam window of 6-8 May 2026

Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium, EKSAMITE KALENDER 2026

Sat only once from 2026

New rule: every basic-school final exam is sat a single time regardless of result; routine school-organised retakes were discontinued in favor of a state-set 'lisaeksam' for documented absences

Õpetajate Leht, 'Põhikooli lõpetamine ilma korduseksamita' (January 2026)

Free 100-question MCQ study bank for Estonia's põhikooli keemia valikeksam (Grade 9 elective), covering the Grade 8-9 chemistry curriculum: matter/mixtures/solutions, atomic structure and the periodic table, mole and stoichiometric calculations, oxygen/oxides, acids/bases/salts, metals and reactivity, redox/electrochemistry, organic chemistry basics, and environmental/applied chemistry. Official exam: single 120-minute written paper, 100 points across roughly 10 tasks spanning general/inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and calculation blocks, scheduled 6 May 2026. Pass threshold is 50/100 points (50%). Periodic table, solubility table, metals' reactivity series and a calculator are used to complete the paper. Chemistry is one of nine valikeksam electives (not compulsory like Matemaatika), alongside a required Estonian-language exam. Starting 2026, every final exam is sat only once - no routine retakes. No fee, since basic education is free. Not an official-format simulation - the real exam requires full written, partial-credit solutions.

Sample Estonian Basic-School Chemistry Exam Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Estonian Basic-School Chemistry Exam exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What best describes a pure substance, as opposed to a mixture?

A.It has a fixed, definite composition throughout

B.It always contains at least two different elements

C.It cannot be separated by any physical method

D.It always exists as a solid at room temperature

Explanation: A pure substance, whether an element or a compound, has a fixed composition and a consistent set of physical properties such as melting point and density. A mixture, by contrast, has a variable composition that depends on how much of each component was combined.

2Which of the following is a physical property of a substance, rather than a chemical one?

A.Melting point

B.Reacting with acids to release gas

C.Rusting in moist air

D.Burning in oxygen

Explanation: Melting point is a physical property: it can be measured without changing the substance's chemical identity. Reacting with acids, rusting and burning are all chemical changes, since they produce new substances with different compositions.

3A solution such as salt water is best described as a:

A.Heterogeneous mixture with visible particles

B.Homogeneous mixture of solute dissolved in solvent

C.Pure compound

D.Suspension that settles over time

Explanation: A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the solute (e.g. salt) is completely and evenly dissolved throughout the solvent (e.g. water), so the composition looks the same throughout and no particles settle out.

4How does a suspension differ from a true solution?

A.A suspension contains no water

B.A suspension's particles are large enough to settle out or be filtered, unlike a dissolved solute

C.A suspension always has a lower density than a solution

D.A suspension is always colored while a solution is always colorless

Explanation: In a suspension, the dispersed particles are large enough that they eventually settle under gravity and can be separated by filtration, whereas a true solution's dissolved particles are so small they never settle and pass through filter paper.

5A solution is made by dissolving 10 g of salt in 90 g of water. What is the mass percent of salt in the resulting solution?

A.9%

B.10%

C.11%

D.90%

Explanation: Mass percent = (mass of solute ÷ total mass of solution) × 100%. The total solution mass is 10 g + 90 g = 100 g, so mass percent = (10 ÷ 100) × 100% = 10%.

6Which piece of laboratory equipment is used to separate insoluble solid particles from a liquid by filtration?

A.Filter funnel with filter paper

B.Evaporating dish

C.Graduated cylinder

D.Test tube holder

Explanation: A filter funnel lined with filter paper lets liquid and dissolved substances pass through while trapping insoluble solid particles on the paper, making it the standard tool for filtration.

7To recover a dissolved solid, such as salt, from a solution, which separation technique should be used?

A.Filtration

B.Evaporation of the solvent

C.Magnetic separation

D.Decantation only

Explanation: Because the salt is fully dissolved and forms a homogeneous solution with water, filtration cannot remove it. Evaporating the water leaves the dissolved solid behind as a solid residue.

8How many grams of salt are needed to prepare 250 g of a solution that is 8% salt by mass?

A.8 g

B.20 g

C.25 g

D.230 g

Explanation: Mass of solute = mass percent × total solution mass = 0.08 × 250 g = 20 g of salt. The remaining 230 g (250 g minus 20 g) would be water.

9What determines an element's atomic number?

A.The number of protons in its nucleus

B.The number of neutrons in its nucleus

C.The total mass of the atom

D.The number of electron shells

Explanation: The atomic number is defined as the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It uniquely identifies the element and determines its position in the periodic table.

10Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. How many protons are found in the nucleus of an oxygen atom?

A.6

B.7

C.8

D.16

Explanation: The atomic number equals the number of protons in the nucleus, so an oxygen atom (atomic number 8) contains exactly 8 protons.

About the Estonian Basic-School Chemistry Exam Exam

The Estonian Basic-School Final Examination in Chemistry (põhikooli keemia valikeksam) is a national Grade 9 exam that Haridus- ja Noorteamet (Harno) administers each spring as one of nine valikeksam (elective) options every basic-school graduate must choose from, alongside a compulsory Estonian-language exam and the compulsory Matemaatika exam. Unlike mathematics, chemistry is not required for every student - candidates pick exactly one elective from Vene keel ja kirjandus, Bioloogia, Keemia, Füüsika, Geograafia, Ajalugu, Ühiskonnaõpetus, Inglise keel (B1) or Vene keel võõrkeelena (B1). The exam is a single 120-minute written paper worth 100 points, structured into three broad blocks - general and inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and calculation problems - scheduled for Wednesday, 6 May 2026. Tasks require full worked solutions with units shown at every step rather than bare answers, drawing on the two-year (Grade 8-9) chemistry curriculum: substances, mixtures and solutions; atomic structure and the periodic table; the mole and molar mass; oxygen and oxides; hydrogen; acids, bases and salts; metals and the reactivity series; the main classes of inorganic compounds; mole-based stoichiometric calculations; and carbon compounds including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids and biomolecules. Candidates are expected to use a periodic table, a solubility table and the metals' reactivity series alongside a calculator to complete the paper. At least 50 of 100 points (50%) is needed to pass, and starting with the 2026 exam cycle every basic-school final exam is sat only once, with routine retakes discontinued in favor of a state-set supplementary exam for documented absences. This free bank of 100 original multiple-choice questions is an English-language MCQ study adaptation covering the underlying facts and genuine worked calculations - mole and stoichiometry problems, equation balancing, concentration and solubility questions - across the whole Grade 8-9 curriculum. It is not a simulation of the official exam, which requires full, partial-credit written solutions across general/inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and calculation blocks.

Exam sponsor: Haridus- ja Noorteamet (Harno) - the Estonian Education and Youth Board, under the Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium (Ministry of Education and Research). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Official national valikeksam (elective final examination) administered once a year each spring by Haridus- ja Noorteamet (Harno) under the Põhikooli- ja gümnaasiumiseadus and its implementing final-examination regulation. Every Grade 9 graduate must pass an Estonian-language exam, the compulsory Matemaatika exam, and exactly one valikeksam chosen from nine subjects: Vene keel ja kirjandus, Bioloogia, Keemia, Füüsika, Geograafia, Ajalugu, Ühiskonnaõpetus, Inglise keel (B1) or Vene keel võõrkeelena (B1). Chemistry is taught only in Grades 8-9 of the three-year (7.-9. klass) III kooliaste. Grade 8 covers what chemistry studies (substances, mixtures, solutions, lab safety), atomic structure and the periodic table (electron configurations, ionic and covalent bonding), amount of substance (mole, molar mass), and oxygen/oxides/combustion. Grade 9 covers hydrogen, acids and bases (formulas, pH, neutralization), familiar metals and the reactivity series, the main classes of inorganic compounds (the oxide-acid-base-salt reaction network, solubility, water hardness), mole-based stoichiometric calculations, carbon and carbon compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, structural formulas), and the role of carbon compounds in nature and as materials (biomolecules, fuels, plastics, polymers). Harno's annually published eristuskiri can narrow the exact scope and task count tested in a given year. Per the curriculum's kooliaste learning outcomes, candidates are expected to look up data using the periodic table, a solubility table and the metals' reactivity series (pingerida), alongside a calculator. Starting with the 2026 exam cycle, every basic-school final exam - including this valikeksam - is sat only once, with routine school-organised retakes discontinued in favor of a state-set 'lisaeksam' for candidates who missed the original sitting for a documented reason. This bank is a unified MCQ study adaptation covering the underlying content and computations across the whole Grade 8-9 chemistry curriculum - it does not reproduce the official exam's full written-solution, partial-credit response format.

Time Limit

120 minutes for the single written paper. For the 2025/2026 school year, the Keemia valikeksam is scheduled for Wednesday, 6 May 2026, within Harno's general valikeksam window of 6-8 May 2026.

Passing Score

Scored out of 100 points, organized (per the 2023 official paper) into 10 numbered tasks worth 6-14 points each. At least 50 of the 100 points (50%) is needed for the exam to be recorded as 'sooritatud' (completed) and count toward the basic-school graduation requirement. Because each candidate selects only one of nine valikeksam subjects, Harno's national exam-results releases report aggregate figures for the compulsory Eesti keel and Matemaatika exams but do not routinely publish a separate candidate count or average score specifically for Keemia.

Exam / Certification Fees

No fee. Estonian basic education is free, and Keemia is one of nine valikeksam subjects that Harno administers each spring to Grade 9 students who select it, at no cost.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Study emphasis ~8%

Matter, Mixtures and Solutions

Physical properties of substances, pure substances versus mixtures, solutions/suspensions/emulsions, mass-percent composition, and laboratory equipment and safety.

Study emphasis ~14%

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Protons, neutrons and electrons, electron configuration diagrams, periodic table position versus atomic structure, metallic/non-metallic elements, and ionic versus covalent bonding.

Study emphasis ~18%

Amount of Substance and Stoichiometric Calculations

The mole, molar mass, molar gas volume, unit conversions, and calculations of mass, moles and gas volume from balanced chemical equations.

Study emphasis ~8%

Oxygen, Oxides and Combustion

Oxygen's role in combustion, oxide naming and formulas, oxidation states, combination reactions, and balancing combustion and oxide-forming equations.

Study emphasis ~16%

Acids, Bases and Salts

Common acid, hydroxide and salt formulas, the pH scale and indicators, neutralization, strong versus weak acids/bases, and the oxide-acid-base-salt reaction network.

Study emphasis ~10%

Metals and the Reactivity Series

Metallic bonding and physical properties, the metals' activity series, metal reactions with acids and oxygen, and iron corrosion and its prevention.

Study emphasis ~6%

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Oxidation and reduction, oxidation-state tracking, identifying oxidizer/reducer, and simple electrochemical cell chemistry.

Study emphasis ~14%

Organic Chemistry Basics

Carbon's bonding versatility, hydrocarbon structural formulas, complete combustion of hydrocarbons, alcohols and carboxylic acids, and biomolecules.

Study emphasis ~6%

Environmental and Applied Chemistry

Water hardness, fertilizers, construction materials, plastics and fibers, and everyday/environmental chemistry issues.

Preparing for the Estonian Basic-School Chemistry Exam Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Scored out of 100 points, organized (per the 2023 official paper) into 10 numbered tasks worth 6-14 points each. At least 50 of the 100 points (50%) is needed for the exam to be recorded as 'sooritatud' (completed) and count toward the basic-school graduation requirement. Because each candidate selects only one of nine valikeksam subjects, Harno's national exam-results releases report aggregate figures for the compulsory Eesti keel and Matemaatika exams but do not routinely publish a separate candidate count or average score specifically for Keemia.
Assessment: Official national valikeksam (elective final examination) administered once a year each spring by Haridus- ja Noorteamet (Harno) under the Põhikooli- ja gümnaasiumiseadus and its implementing final-examination regulation. Every Grade 9 graduate must pass an Estonian-language exam, the compulsory Matemaatika exam, and exactly one valikeksam chosen from nine subjects: Vene keel ja kirjandus, Bioloogia, Keemia, Füüsika, Geograafia, Ajalugu, Ühiskonnaõpetus, Inglise keel (B1) or Vene keel võõrkeelena (B1). Chemistry is taught only in Grades 8-9 of the three-year (7.-9. klass) III kooliaste. Grade 8 covers what chemistry studies (substances, mixtures, solutions, lab safety), atomic structure and the periodic table (electron configurations, ionic and covalent bonding), amount of substance (mole, molar mass), and oxygen/oxides/combustion. Grade 9 covers hydrogen, acids and bases (formulas, pH, neutralization), familiar metals and the reactivity series, the main classes of inorganic compounds (the oxide-acid-base-salt reaction network, solubility, water hardness), mole-based stoichiometric calculations, carbon and carbon compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, structural formulas), and the role of carbon compounds in nature and as materials (biomolecules, fuels, plastics, polymers). Harno's annually published eristuskiri can narrow the exact scope and task count tested in a given year. Per the curriculum's kooliaste learning outcomes, candidates are expected to look up data using the periodic table, a solubility table and the metals' reactivity series (pingerida), alongside a calculator. Starting with the 2026 exam cycle, every basic-school final exam - including this valikeksam - is sat only once, with routine school-organised retakes discontinued in favor of a state-set 'lisaeksam' for candidates who missed the original sitting for a documented reason. This bank is a unified MCQ study adaptation covering the underlying content and computations across the whole Grade 8-9 chemistry curriculum - it does not reproduce the official exam's full written-solution, partial-credit response format.
Time limit: 120 minutes for the single written paper. For the 2025/2026 school year, the Keemia valikeksam is scheduled for Wednesday, 6 May 2026, within Harno's general valikeksam window of 6-8 May 2026.
Exam / certification fees: No fee. Estonian basic education is free, and Keemia is one of nine valikeksam subjects that Harno administers each spring to Grade 9 students who select it, at no cost. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

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Estonian Basic-School Chemistry Exam: Suggested Study Strategy

1Drill mole and stoichiometry calculations until automatic - converting between mass, moles and gas volume using balanced equations is the single heaviest-weighted skill across past papers.

2Practise writing and balancing chemical equations for the core reaction types (metal + acid, metal + oxygen, acidic oxide + water, basic oxide + water, acid + base, oxide + oxide), since these recur across the general/inorganic block.

3Memorize the common acid, hydroxide and salt formulas and names (HCl, H2SO4, H2SO3, H2S, HNO3, H3PO4, H2CO3, H2SiO3 and their salts), since naming and formula-writing tasks appear consistently.

4Practise electron configuration diagrams and periodic table reasoning for Period 1-4 A-group elements, connecting an element's group/period position to its number of electron shells and outer electrons.

5Learn the metals' reactivity series (pingerida) and use it to predict which metal-acid or metal-oxygen reactions actually occur, and to reason about redox behaviour (which species is oxidized versus reduced).

6Build fluency with organic structural formulas showing every bond - for hydrocarbons, ethanol and acetic acid - since the organic block regularly asks for structural formulas, not just molecular formulas.

7Show full worked solutions with units at every step when practising calculations, exactly as the real exam requires, so that habit is automatic before exam day.

8Practise with only a periodic table, solubility table, metals' reactivity series and calculator, exactly as permitted on exam day, since outside formula sheets and textbooks are not allowed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the official exam multiple-choice?

No. The written paper mixes short-answer, diagram (electron configuration/structural formula), equation-writing and multi-step calculation tasks that require full worked solutions with units shown at every step, graded for partial credit per Harno's published grading key - not selective-response MCQ items. This bank is an MCQ study adaptation for learning and checking the underlying content and computations - it is not a simulation of the official full-solution written format.

Is chemistry an elective or a required exam?

It is one of nine valikeksam (elective) choices, not compulsory for every student. Every Grade 9 graduate must pass an Estonian-language exam, the compulsory Matemaatika exam, and exactly one valikeksam chosen from Vene keel ja kirjandus, Bioloogia, Keemia, Füüsika, Geograafia, Ajalugu, Ühiskonnaõpetus, Inglise keel (B1) or Vene keel võõrkeelena (B1).

How is the exam structured and scored?

It is a single 120-minute written paper worth 100 points, organized into three broad blocks: general and inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and calculation problems. Per the 2023 official paper, this took the form of 10 numbered tasks worth between 6 and 14 points each; exact task counts can shift slightly year to year per the current eristuskiri.

What score do I need to pass?

At least 50 of the 100 points, i.e. 50%, for the exam to be recorded as 'sooritatud' (completed) and count toward the basic-school graduation requirement. Because chemistry is an elective chosen by a subset of students, Harno does not routinely publish a separate national average score for it the way it does for the compulsory Eesti keel and Matemaatika exams.

What reference materials and calculators are allowed?

Per the curriculum's own kooliaste learning outcomes, candidates are expected to use a periodic table, a solubility table and the metals' reactivity series (pingerida) to look up data, alongside a calculator, exactly as they practice with in class. As with other basic-school exams, calculation tasks require the full solution method and units to be written out, not just a final number.

Does the exam cover the whole two-year curriculum, or does the scope change each year?

The underlying Grade 8-9 chemistry curriculum stays constant, but Harno's annually published eristuskiri can narrow which parts are actually tested in a given year's paper and adjust the exact task count. This bank studies the full two-year õppekava rather than only one year's narrowed scope.

When is the 2026 exam?

Wednesday, 6 May 2026, running 120 minutes, within Harno's general valikeksam window of 6-8 May 2026.

Can I retake the exam if I do poorly?

Starting with the 2026 exam cycle, every basic-school final exam - including this valikeksam - is sat only once, regardless of result. Schools no longer have a routine duty to organise retakes; a state-set 'lisaeksam' (supplementary exam) is available only for candidates who missed the original sitting for a documented reason such as illness.

Is there an exam fee?

No. Basic education in Estonia is free, and this elective final exam is administered by Harno at no cost to students who select it.