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100+ Free Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam Practice Questions

Estonian Basic-School Final Examination — Biology (Bioloogia) practice questions are available now; exam metadata is being verified.

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam Exam

75 points / 120 minutes

Single written paper worth 75 points across 10 weighted content areas, with no breaks

Harno, Bioloogia põhikooli lõpueksami eristuskiri (25.08.2025)

50% of 75 points to pass

Minimum score for the exam to count as 'sooritatud' (completed); also maps to a 5-point grade scale (5 = 90-100%, down to 1 = below 20%)

Harno, Bioloogia põhikooli lõpueksami eristuskiri

~50% / ~50% cognitive-level split

Points are weighted roughly evenly between knowledge/understanding and application/analysis/synthesis/evaluation

Harno, Bioloogia põhikooli lõpueksami eristuskiri

~900 candidates (2026), 3rd most popular elective

Spring 2026 biology valikeksam registrations, behind English (9,685) and Ühiskonnaõpetus/civics (1,484)

Harno, uudised: valikeksamite registreerumine (April 2026)

One of 9 valikeksam options

Biology is an elective final exam, not compulsory like Matemaatika; students choose exactly one valikeksam subject

Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium, Ühtsed põhikooli lõpueksamid

6 May 2026, 10:00

2025/2026 exam date and start time for the Bioloogia valikeksam, within the 6-8 May valikeksam window

Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium, EKSAMITE KALENDER 2026

Free 100-question MCQ study bank for Estonia's põhikooli bioloogia valikeksam (Grade 9), covering the full III kooliaste (7.-9. klass) biology curriculum: scientific inquiry, vertebrates, plants, fungi/lichens, invertebrates, ecology, microorganisms, human anatomy/physiology, heredity, and evolution/general biology. Official exam: single 120-minute written paper, 75 points across 10 weighted content areas, scheduled 6 May 2026 at 10:00 within the 6-8 May valikeksam window. Pass threshold is roughly 50% (38/75 points); results also map to a 5-point grade scale. No calculators or reference aids allowed. Biology is one of nine elective subjects (not compulsory like Matemaatika); in 2026 it was the third most-chosen elective with about 900 candidates, behind English and civics. No fee, since basic education is free. Not an official-format simulation - the real exam mixes selective- and open-response written tasks that an MCQ bank cannot reproduce.

Sample Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What is biology, as a field of science?
A.The scientific study of living organisms and their life processes
B.The scientific study of rocks and minerals
C.The scientific study of weather and climate patterns
D.The scientific study of matter and energy at the atomic level
Explanation: Biology is the natural science that studies living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution. It connects with other natural sciences such as chemistry, physics and geography, and underlies many everyday technologies and professions, from medicine to agriculture.
2A living organism has no chlorophyll, absorbs nutrients from its surroundings rather than making its own food, and reproduces mainly by spores. Which group does it most likely belong to?
A.Fungi
B.Plants
C.Algae
D.Bacteria
Explanation: Fungi lack chlorophyll and cannot photosynthesise, so instead of producing their own food, they absorb nutrients from organic matter in their environment and typically reproduce using spores. This combination of traits is the classic pattern used to separate fungi from plants in basic classification exercises.
3A student wants to prepare a wet-mount slide (märgpreparaat) of onion skin cells to view under a light microscope. Which sequence of steps is correct?
A.Peel a thin layer of onion skin, place it on a slide, add a drop of water and stain, then cover with a coverslip
B.Add a coverslip first, then place the onion skin under it, then add water and stain last
C.Stain the whole onion, then peel the skin, then view it dry without water or a coverslip
D.Place the onion skin directly under the microscope lens without a slide or coverslip
Explanation: A wet-mount slide is prepared by placing a thin sample on a slide, adding a drop of water (and often a stain to improve contrast) to keep the tissue moist and visible, and finally lowering a coverslip on top to protect the sample and flatten it for viewing. Following this order avoids trapping air bubbles and keeps the tissue from drying out under the lens.
4Which life process is shared by animals, plants, fungi, protists and bacteria alike, even though the specific structures involved differ between groups?
A.Metabolism (obtaining and using energy)
B.Photosynthesis using chlorophyll
C.Breathing air through lungs
D.Producing flowers for reproduction
Explanation: All living organisms, regardless of kingdom, must obtain and use energy to grow, move and reproduce - this general process is called metabolism. The specific way each group does this varies widely (photosynthesis in plants and some bacteria, chemical breakdown of food in animals and fungi), but the underlying life process of energy exchange is universal.
5An organism is single-celled, lacks a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, and can survive in oxygen-free (anaerobic) conditions by fermentation. To which group does it most likely belong?
A.Bacteria
B.Fungi
C.Protists (algloomad)
D.Animals
Explanation: The absence of a membrane-bound nucleus is the defining feature of bacteria, which are prokaryotes. Many bacteria are also capable of surviving without oxygen through anaerobic fermentation, a trait the exam specification highlights when comparing bacterial and protist life in different environments.
6Fish extract oxygen from water using which respiratory organ?
A.Gills (lõpused)
B.Lungs
C.Air sacs (õhukotid)
D.Skin only
Explanation: Fish breathe using gills, feathery structures rich in blood vessels that extract dissolved oxygen directly from water as it flows over them. This adaptation lets fish respire efficiently in an aquatic environment where oxygen is far less concentrated than in air.
7Which adaptation allows reptiles, unlike amphibians, to lay their eggs on dry land away from water?
A.A shelled, amniotic egg that retains moisture internally
B.Gills that develop before hatching
C.A soft, jelly-coated egg like a frog's
D.External fertilisation in a pond
Explanation: Reptile eggs have a protective shell and internal membranes (the amniotic egg) that retain moisture and allow gas exchange without the embryo drying out, freeing reptiles from needing to lay eggs in water. Amphibians, by contrast, generally lay soft, unshelled eggs that must stay in or near water to avoid drying out.
8Which pair correctly matches an endothermic (püsisoojane, warm-blooded) animal with an ectothermic (kõigusoojane, cold-blooded) animal?
A.Bird (endothermic) and lizard (ectothermic)
B.Lizard (endothermic) and bird (ectothermic)
C.Fish (endothermic) and mammal (ectothermic)
D.Frog (endothermic) and mouse (ectothermic)
Explanation: Birds and mammals are endothermic: they generate and regulate their own body heat internally, keeping a stable body temperature regardless of surroundings. Reptiles like lizards, along with fish and amphibians, are ectothermic: their body temperature rises and falls with the environment.
9Why does a fish's two-chambered heart pump blood less efficiently for high, sustained activity than a mammal's four-chambered heart?
A.It mixes oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood less effectively and cannot fully separate the two circuits
B.It has too many valves, which slows blood flow down
C.It pumps blood only to the gills and never to the rest of the body
D.It beats faster than a mammal's heart, wasting energy
Explanation: A fish's two-chambered heart pushes blood through a single circuit (heart to gills to body and back), so blood loses pressure after passing through the gills before reaching the body's tissues. A mammal's four-chambered heart fully separates oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood into two distinct circuits, allowing stronger, more efficient delivery of oxygenated blood to power sustained activity.
10Which of these vertebrates typically relies on external fertilisation, where eggs and sperm meet outside the body?
A.Most freshwater fish
B.Domestic cats
C.Eagles
D.Snakes
Explanation: Most freshwater and many marine fish species release eggs and sperm directly into the water, where fertilisation happens externally - an adaptation suited to an aquatic environment where gametes can disperse and meet in the water column. Birds, mammals and reptiles, by contrast, almost universally use internal fertilisation.

About the Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam Practice Questions

Verified exam format metadata for Estonian Basic-School Final Examination — Biology (Bioloogia) is pending. The practice questions above remain available while official exam length, timing, passing score, fee, and administrator details are reviewed.