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Key Facts: Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biology Exam

4 von 4 Aufgaben, 3 zu bearbeiten

Both Anforderungsniveaus offer 4 Aufgaben built from ~4-5 Teilaufgaben each, of which candidates choose 3; one Aufgabe always includes a fachpraktischer Anteil

Hinweise zur Abiturprüfung 2026 Biologie, bildung-lsa.de

255 / 300 min

Official Bearbeitungszeit including Auswahlzeit at grundlegendem/erhöhtem Anforderungsniveau for the 2026 Prüfungsjahr, extendable by up to 60 minutes for the fachpraktischer Anteil

Hinweise zur Abiturprüfung 2026 Biologie, bildung-lsa.de

90 / 120 BE

Maximum erreichbare Bewertungseinheiten at grundlegendem/erhöhtem Anforderungsniveau

Hinweise zur Abiturprüfung 2026 Biologie, bildung-lsa.de

22.04.2026

Written Biologie date in the 2026 main session; Nachtermin 19 May 2026, mündliche Prüfungen from 11 May 2026

Ministerium für Bildung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, Pressemitteilung 27/2026 (10.04.2026)

0–15 Punkte

Grading scale for each Prüfungsfach, from Note 1 (15–13 Punkte) to Note 6 (0 Punkte)

Verordnung über die gymnasiale Oberstufe, Sachsen-Anhalt

200 / 100 Punkte

Minimum Gesamtqualifikation: 200+ from Block I (§38) and 100+ from the five Prüfungselemente in Block II (§39), out of 900 maximum

Verordnung über die gymnasiale Oberstufe, Sachsen-Anhalt

4 Inhaltsbereiche

KMK Bildungsstandards content areas for the Allgemeine Hochschulreife: Leben und Energie, Informationsverarbeitung in Lebewesen, Lebewesen in ihrer Umwelt, Vielfalt des Lebens

Bildungsstandards im Fach Biologie für die Allgemeine Hochschulreife, KMK-Beschluss 18.06.2020

Free 100-question English-language MCQ study bank for Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biologie, mapped to the Fachlehrplan's Zellbiologie/Biochemie, Genetik, Neurobiologie, Ökologie and Evolution Kompetenzschwerpunkte. Official exam: German materialgestützte Klausur, choose 3 of 4 Aufgaben, one with a fachpraktischer Anteil; 255 min (gA) / 300 min (eA) plus possible +60 min; written date 22.04.2026. Not an official-format simulation; no fee for regular school candidates.

Sample Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biology Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biology exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which cell organelle is the principal site of aerobic cellular respiration (Zellatmung) and is often called the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
A.Mitochondrium
B.Ribosom
C.Golgi-Apparat
D.Lysosom
Explanation: The mitochondrion carries out oxidative decarboxylation, the Tricarbonsäurezyklus and the Atmungskette, using its folded inner membrane (cristae) to generate ATP via chemiosmotic phosphorylation. Glycolysis, the first step, happens in the cytosol, but the energy-rich later stages occur inside the mitochondrion.
2The Flüssig-Mosaik-Modell (fluid mosaic model) used in the Sachsen-Anhalt Fachlehrplan describes the Biomembran as
A.a phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded and can move laterally within the fluid lipid layer
B.a rigid protein lattice with fixed channels that never change position
C.a single layer of cellulose fibres reinforced with lignin
D.a solid wall of phospholipids with no embedded proteins at all
Explanation: In the fluid mosaic model, the phospholipid bilayer behaves as a two-dimensional fluid in which integral and peripheral proteins float and can diffuse laterally, giving the membrane its selective, dynamic character for transport and signalling.
3What is the general biological function of enzymes such as those studied in the Kompetenzschwerpunkt 'Vom Reiz zur Reaktion'?
A.They act as biological catalysts that lower the activation energy of a specific reaction without being consumed
B.They provide structural support for the cell membrane in place of phospholipids
C.They store genetic information that is passed on during cell division
D.They transport oxygen through the bloodstream to respiring tissues
Explanation: Enzymes are proteins (occasionally with a bound Coenzym) that speed up specific biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed, while remaining chemically unchanged themselves at the end of the reaction — this is the basis of their high specificity and reusability.
4ATP (Adenosintriphosphat), central to the Fachlehrplan's Zellatmung unit, functions in the cell primarily as
A.the universal short-term energy carrier that releases usable energy when its terminal phosphate bond is hydrolysed
B.the main structural protein of the cytoskeleton
C.the template molecule from which all proteins are directly translated
D.a pigment that absorbs light energy during the Lichtreaktion
Explanation: ATP stores chemical energy in its phosphate bonds; hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate to ADP and inorganic phosphate releases energy that cells couple to endergonic processes such as active transport, muscle contraction and biosynthesis.
5In eukaryotic cells, where does Glykolyse, the first stage of glucose breakdown, take place?
A.In the cytosol, outside the mitochondrion
B.Inside the mitochondrial matrix
C.On the inner mitochondrial membrane
D.Inside the cell nucleus
Explanation: Glykolyse splits one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules through a series of ten enzyme-catalysed steps in the cytosol, yielding a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH before pyruvate is shuttled into the mitochondrion for further breakdown.
6According to the Fachlehrplan's required experiment on enzyme activity, what typically happens to an enzyme's activity when the temperature rises far above its optimum?
A.Activity falls sharply because the protein denatures and loses its functional three-dimensional shape
B.Activity keeps rising indefinitely because heat always speeds up chemical reactions
C.Activity is unaffected because enzymes are chemically inert to temperature
D.The enzyme permanently converts into a different type of coenzyme
Explanation: Enzyme activity rises with temperature up to an optimum, but temperatures well above that optimum disrupt the hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions holding the protein's tertiary structure together, denaturing the active site and collapsing catalytic activity — the pattern the mandatory Schülerexperiment on pH and temperature is designed to demonstrate.
7A competitive inhibitor reduces enzyme activity by binding to the active site and mimicking the substrate. Why can raising the substrate concentration largely overcome this type of inhibition, unlike non-competitive inhibition?
A.Because the substrate and the competitive inhibitor compete for the same active site, so more substrate molecules out-compete the inhibitor for binding
B.Because raising substrate concentration destroys the inhibitor molecule chemically
C.Because competitive inhibitors only work at low temperatures and stop working as concentration rises
D.Because non-competitive inhibitors bind to the active site as well, so substrate has no effect on either type
Explanation: A competitive inhibitor and the substrate structurally resemble each other and compete for the same active site; increasing substrate concentration shifts the statistical odds so that substrate binds more often than the inhibitor, restoring activity. A non-competitive inhibitor binds elsewhere (an allosteric site), changing the enzyme's shape irrespective of how much substrate is present, so adding substrate cannot displace it.
8During Glykolyse, oxidative Decarboxylierung and the Tricarbonsäurezyklus, the coenzyme NAD+ is repeatedly reduced to NADH. What is the biochemical role of this Wasserstoff übertragendes Coenzym?
A.It picks up electrons and hydrogen released from glucose breakdown and delivers them to the Atmungskette to drive ATP synthesis
B.It directly forms the peptide bonds of new proteins at the ribosome
C.It acts as the template strand copied during DNA replication
D.It transports oxygen from the lungs to respiring cells
Explanation: NAD+ is reduced to NADH as it accepts electrons (as hydride, H⁻) released during the oxidation of glucose-derived intermediates; NADH then carries these high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane, where their energy drives chemiosmotic ATP synthesis.
9Why does the inner mitochondrial membrane form deep folds called Cristae?
A.To increase the surface area available for the electron transport chain proteins and ATP synthase, maximising ATP output
B.To physically separate the two DNA copies produced during mitosis
C.To store excess glucose as starch granules for later use
D.To filter out toxins before they enter the cytosol
Explanation: Cristae fold the inner mitochondrial membrane into a much larger surface area than a smooth sphere would allow, packing in more copies of the electron transport chain complexes and ATP synthase and thereby increasing the mitochondrion's capacity for oxidative phosphorylation.
10What distinguishes active transport from passive transport across the Biomembran?
A.Active transport requires energy, usually from ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances down their gradient without an energy input
B.Active transport only occurs in plant cells, while passive transport only occurs in animal cells
C.Passive transport always requires a carrier protein, while active transport never does
D.Active transport moves only water, while passive transport moves only ions
Explanation: Passive transport processes such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion move substances from high to low concentration and need no cellular energy input. Active transport, by contrast, uses ATP (e.g. via pump proteins) to move substances against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration.

About the Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biology Exam

Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biologie is the state Biology examination for the Allgemeine Hochschulreife, taken as a Leistungsfach or a written Grundfach under the Oberstufenverordnung. Its content follows the Fachlehrplan Biologie Gymnasium (Stand 01.08.2022): the Einführungsphase covers foundational Vererbungsvorgänge (Mendel'sche Regeln, DNA structure, mutation, basic gentechnische Verfahren) and an introduction to Evolution (Darwin's Variations-Selektionsmechanismus, evidence for evolution, human-ape relatedness); the Qualifikationsphase then builds four to six Kompetenzschwerpunkte spanning cellular biochemistry and Zellatmung, molecular and classical Genetik, Neurobiologie (signal processing, sensory physiology, hormones and behaviour), Ökologie (plant physiology, photosynthesis, ecosystems and population dynamics) and the synthetic theory of Evolution. Since the 2026 Prüfungsjahr the written exam also draws in part on the nationwide IQB-Aufgabenpool shared with Chemie and Physik. This free bank of 100 original multiple-choice questions is an English-language study adaptation designed to build and check factual command of that content, including genuine calculation-style items (Kreuzungsschemata, Blutgruppen-Vererbung, Hardy-Weinberg, population-growth and trophic-energy calculations, enzyme-kinetics graph reading). It is not a simulation of the official exam, which is written in German, built from materialgestützte Aufgaben with structured and extended written responses, and includes a fachpraktischer (practical/experimental) task.

Exam sponsor: Ministerium für Bildung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt (MB), supported by the Landesinstitut für Schulqualität und Lehrerbildung (LISA) and the Landesschulamt. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Official written Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur examination in Biologie, sat either as Leistungsfach (erhöhtes Anforderungsniveau) or Grundfach (grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau). Each of the 4 offered Aufgaben relates mainly to one of the four KMK Inhaltsbereiche für die Allgemeine Hochschulreife — 'Leben und Energie', 'Informationsverarbeitung in Lebewesen', 'Lebewesen in ihrer Umwelt' and 'Vielfalt des Lebens' — and candidates answer 3 of the 4. Tasks draw on Materialien such as diagrams, data tables and experimental results, and are weighted mainly toward Anforderungsbereich II, with I and III present in lesser, unequal proportion. This 100-question bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation only — it does not reproduce the German-language, materialgestützte free-response format or its fachpraktischer Anteil.

Time Limit

For the 2026 Prüfungsjahr: 255 minutes (grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau) or 300 minutes (erhöhtes Anforderungsniveau) of Arbeitszeit including Auswahlzeit, extendable by up to 60 minutes because one task includes a fachpraktischer Anteil. Maximum Bewertungseinheiten (BE): 90 (gA) / 120 (eA). Permitted aids: a scientific calculator meeting the rules in force since the 2025 Prüfungsjahr, and a German-spelling dictionary. In 2026 the written Biologie exam was held Wednesday 22 April 2026 (Nachtermin 19 May 2026); mündliche Prüfungen began 11 May 2026 and Zeugnisse were issued by 3 July 2026.

Passing Score

Subject performance is reported on the 0–15 Punkte scale (Note 1 = 15–13 Punkte, Note 6 = 0 Punkte). The Gesamtqualifikation requires at least 200 of a possible 600 Punkte in Block I from the Kurshalbjahresergebnisse (§38 Oberstufenverordnung) and at least 100 of a possible 300 Punkte in Block II from the five Prüfungsfächer/-elemente in vierfacher Wertung (§39), with no element scored 0, at least 4 Punkte in each element and at least 20 Punkte in vierfacher Wertung in three or more elements including one auf erhöhtem Anforderungsniveau. The 900-point maximum is converted to the Abitur-Durchschnittsnote via the national KMK table. Within the Biologie exam paper itself, the raw BE total (up to 90 gA / 120 eA) is converted to a 0–15-Punkte subject grade using the school's Bewertungsschlüssel.

Exam / Certification Fees

No exam fee for regular enrolled school candidates; the Abitur is a state school examination in Sachsen-Anhalt. External and Nichtschüler routes are handled by the Landesschulamt and do not carry a published Biologie-specific fee.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Study emphasis ~20%

Zellbiologie und Biochemie

Zellorganellen and Biomembran (Flüssig-Mosaik-Modell), Enzymatik and its dependence on Temperatur, pH-Wert and Inhibitoren, and the stoffliche/energetische Bilanz of Zellatmung from Glykolyse to the Atmungskette.

Study emphasis ~22%

Genetik

DNA-Struktur, Replikation and Proteinbiosynthese, Mendel'sche Regeln and Kreuzungsschemata (including Blutgruppen and Geschlechtsvererbung), Mutation, Genregulation/Epigenetik, Stammzellen and Gentechnik.

Study emphasis ~18%

Neurobiologie

Ruhe- and Aktionspotenzial, kontinuierliche/saltatorische Erregungsleitung, chemische and neuromuskuläre Synapsen, Sinnesphysiologie (primäre/sekundäre Sinneszelle, Fotorezeptoren), Hormonwirkung and Verhalten (Reflexbogen, Konditionierung, Schlüsselreiz-AAM-Konzept).

Study emphasis ~22%

Ökologie

Pflanzenzelle als osmotisches System, Wasserhaushalt, Fotosynthese (including C3/C4), Ökosystemgrundlagen, Stoffkreisläufe, ökologische Nische and Populationsökologie (Wachstumsmodelle, Lotka-Volterra, K-/r-Strategen).

Study emphasis ~18%

Evolution

Synthetische Evolutionstheorie, Selektionsformen, Gendrift and Isolationsmechanismen, Evolutionsbelege, verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen des Menschen, and das Fitnesskonzept einschließlich Verhaltensevolution.

Preparing for the Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biology Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Subject performance is reported on the 0–15 Punkte scale (Note 1 = 15–13 Punkte, Note 6 = 0 Punkte). The Gesamtqualifikation requires at least 200 of a possible 600 Punkte in Block I from the Kurshalbjahresergebnisse (§38 Oberstufenverordnung) and at least 100 of a possible 300 Punkte in Block II from the five Prüfungsfächer/-elemente in vierfacher Wertung (§39), with no element scored 0, at least 4 Punkte in each element and at least 20 Punkte in vierfacher Wertung in three or more elements including one auf erhöhtem Anforderungsniveau. The 900-point maximum is converted to the Abitur-Durchschnittsnote via the national KMK table. Within the Biologie exam paper itself, the raw BE total (up to 90 gA / 120 eA) is converted to a 0–15-Punkte subject grade using the school's Bewertungsschlüssel.
  • Assessment: Official written Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur examination in Biologie, sat either as Leistungsfach (erhöhtes Anforderungsniveau) or Grundfach (grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau). Each of the 4 offered Aufgaben relates mainly to one of the four KMK Inhaltsbereiche für die Allgemeine Hochschulreife — 'Leben und Energie', 'Informationsverarbeitung in Lebewesen', 'Lebewesen in ihrer Umwelt' and 'Vielfalt des Lebens' — and candidates answer 3 of the 4. Tasks draw on Materialien such as diagrams, data tables and experimental results, and are weighted mainly toward Anforderungsbereich II, with I and III present in lesser, unequal proportion. This 100-question bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation only — it does not reproduce the German-language, materialgestützte free-response format or its fachpraktischer Anteil.
  • Time limit: For the 2026 Prüfungsjahr: 255 minutes (grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau) or 300 minutes (erhöhtes Anforderungsniveau) of Arbeitszeit including Auswahlzeit, extendable by up to 60 minutes because one task includes a fachpraktischer Anteil. Maximum Bewertungseinheiten (BE): 90 (gA) / 120 (eA). Permitted aids: a scientific calculator meeting the rules in force since the 2025 Prüfungsjahr, and a German-spelling dictionary. In 2026 the written Biologie exam was held Wednesday 22 April 2026 (Nachtermin 19 May 2026); mündliche Prüfungen began 11 May 2026 and Zeugnisse were issued by 3 July 2026.
  • Exam / certification fees: No exam fee for regular enrolled school candidates; the Abitur is a state school examination in Sachsen-Anhalt. External and Nichtschüler routes are handled by the Landesschulamt and do not carry a published Biologie-specific fee. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Sachsen-Anhalt Abitur Biology: Suggested Study Strategy

1Work Kompetenzschwerpunkt by Kompetenzschwerpunkt, not by memorising isolated facts: the Fachlehrplan groups content into Zellbiologie/Biochemie, Genetik, Neurobiologie, Ökologie and Evolution — build one summary sheet per area covering its Grundlegende Wissensbestände.
2Practise Kreuzungsschemata and other calculations by hand — monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, blood-group inheritance, Hardy-Weinberg allele/genotype frequencies, population-growth and trophic-energy-transfer problems — since the real exam rewards worked, materialgestützte answers, not memorised ratios alone.
3Master graph and data interpretation for enzyme kinetics, Fotosyntheseleistung, Populationsentwicklungen and Lotka-Volterra cycles: describing curve shape, optimum, and cause is an explicit Erkenntnisgewinnungskompetenz across the Fachlehrplan.
4Keep the mandatory Schülerexperimente fresh in memory (enzyme activity vs pH/temperature, glucose/starch/protein detection, chromatography of leaf pigments, modelling recombination and selection) — one exam Aufgabe always has a fachpraktischer Anteil built on this kind of practical work.
5Learn to separate proximate from ultimate explanations and to avoid finale Begründungen when discussing adaptation or behaviour — a recurring Bewertungskompetenz focus in both the Neurobiologie and Evolution units.
6Revise the Basiskonzepte (Struktur und Funktion, Kompartimentierung, Steuerung und Regelung, Stoff- und Energieumwandlung, Information und Kommunikation, Variabilität und Angepasstheit, Geschichte und Verwandtschaft) as connective threads — Abitur tasks explicitly draw on them across topics rather than testing units in isolation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the official Sachsen-Anhalt Biologie Abitur exam multiple-choice?

No. The official written paper is a German-language Klausur built from materialgestützte Aufgaben: candidates choose 3 of 4 offered tasks, each combining data interpretation, structured short answers and extended written responses, and one task always includes a fachpraktischer (practical or experimental) component. This bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation for learning and checking the underlying content, not a simulation of the official format.

Why are the questions in English when the exam is in German?

This bank is a study aid for building factual command of the Fachlehrplan content in English. German technical terms — Zellatmung, Proteinbiosynthese, Mendel'sche Regeln, Fotosynthese and so on — are preserved exactly as used in the curriculum, so you can carry the vocabulary straight into German-language revision.

Which content does the exam cover?

The Fachlehrplan Biologie Gymnasium (Stand 01.08.2022) builds Einführungsphase foundations in Vererbungsvorgänge and Evolution, then develops Qualifikationsphase Kompetenzschwerpunkte in cellular biochemistry and Zellatmung, molecular and classical Genetik, Neurobiologie (signal processing, sensory physiology, hormones, behaviour), Ökologie (plant physiology, photosynthesis, ecosystems, population dynamics) and the synthetic theory of Evolution. The official exam's four Inhaltsbereiche — 'Leben und Energie', 'Informationsverarbeitung in Lebewesen', 'Lebewesen in ihrer Umwelt' and 'Vielfalt des Lebens' — map closely onto these five subject areas.

How long is the written exam?

For the 2026 Prüfungsjahr, Bearbeitungszeit including Auswahlzeit is 255 minutes at grundlegendem Anforderungsniveau and 300 minutes at erhöhtem Anforderungsniveau, extendable by up to a further 60 minutes because one of the four offered Aufgaben includes a fachpraktischer Anteil. Exact times are re-issued and published for each Prüfungsjahr.

Does the Biologie exam include a practical or experimental component?

Yes. Of the four Aufgaben offered, one always includes a fachpraktischer Anteil — a hands-on or data-based practical task — which is why the working time for that task can be extended by up to 60 minutes. Preparing the Fachlehrplan's verbindliche Schülerexperimente (such as testing enzyme activity against pH and temperature, or chromatography of leaf pigments) is directly relevant to this component.

When was the exam held in 2026?

In the 2026 main session the written Biologie exam was set for Wednesday 22 April 2026, with a Nachtermin on 19 May 2026 for candidates needing a resit. Mündliche Prüfungen began on 11 May 2026 and Zeugnisse were issued by 3 July 2026, with roughly 5,600 candidates sitting the Abitur across Gymnasien, Gesamtschulen, Gemeinschaftsschulen mit gymnasialer Oberstufe, berufliche Gymnasien, Freie Waldorfschulen and Schulen des zweiten Bildungsweges.

Is there an exam fee?

No. The Abitur is a state school examination in Sachsen-Anhalt and regular enrolled school candidates pay no fee. Nichtschüler and second-chance routes are administered by the Landesschulamt and have no published Biologie-specific fee.