100+ Free Atestace Oftalmologie Practice Questions

Anterior Segment, Cornea & Cataract

Comprehensive optics, cataract surgery, corneal pathology, and refractive surgery. Key topics include modern optical biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas (Barrett Universal II, Hill-RBF, Haigis, Kane, post-refractive surgery formulas), phacoemulsification fluidics (infusion, aspiration, vacuum, post-occlusion surge), management of cataract complications (posterior capsule tear, zonular dehiscence, vitreous loss, dropped lens fragments, secondary IOL fixation: iris-claw, scleral-fixated Yamane technique), ESCRS guidelines on endophthalmitis prophylaxis with intracameral cefuroxime, infectious keratitis diagnostic workup and antimicrobial protocols (bacterial keratitis, Acanthamoeba, fungal keratitis, HSV epithelial vs stromal keratitis), corneal dystrophies (IC3D classification: Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, lattice, granular, macular), keratoconus tomographic screening (Belin-Ambrósio) and corneal crosslinking (CXL, Dresden protocol), dry eye disease (TFOS DEWS II staging and multimodal therapy), corneal keratoplasty techniques (penetrating keratoplasty PKP, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty DMEK, DSAEK, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty DALK), and refractive surgery modalities (femto-LASIK, PRK, SMILE, and phakic IOLs).

Glaucoma & Ocular Hypertension

Pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical monitoring, and step-ladder management of glaucomatous optic neuropathies under European Glaucoma Society (EGS) guidelines. Key topics include primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), primary angle-closure spectrum (PACS, PAC, PACG, pupillary block mechanism, plateau iris configuration, laser peripheral iridotomy LPI), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXF/PEX) and pigmentary dispersion syndrome, intraocular pressure measurement techniques (Goldmann applanation tonometry, corneal biomechanics, central corneal thickness CCT adjustment), gonioscopy systems (Shaffer and Spaeth classifications, dynamic indentation gonioscopy), automated perimetry analysis (Humphrey visual field 24-2/30-2, SITA Standard/Fast, mean deviation MD, pattern standard deviation PSD, Glaucoma Progression Analysis GPA), OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) interpretation, medical step-ladder therapy (prostaglandin analogues, topical beta-blockers, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, topical and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, rho-kinase inhibitors), laser trabeculoplasty (selective laser trabeculoplasty SLT vs argon laser trabeculoplasty ALT), and surgical interventions (trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, deep sclerectomy / non-penetrating glaucoma surgery, glaucoma drainage devices / Ahmed and Baerveldt implants, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery MIGS).

Medical & Surgical Retina, Vitreous

Medical, vascular, inflammatory, and surgical vitreoretinal conditions according to EURETINA consensus guidelines. Core areas include age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD, geographic atrophy, neovascular AMD, OCT biomarkers including intraretinal fluid IRF, subretinal fluid SRF, and pigment epithelial detachment PED; anti-VEGF regimens: aflibercept, faricimab, ranibizumab, brolucizumab, treat-and-extend vs PRN protocols), diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (ETDRS classification, non-proliferative vs proliferative stages, high-risk PDR criteria, panretinal photocoagulation PRP, first-line anti-VEGF, intravitreal dexamethasone implants), retinal vein occlusions (central and branch retinal vein occlusion, ischemic vs non-ischemic, macular edema, neovascular glaucoma risk), retinal artery occlusions (CRAO, BRAO, emergency workup, giant cell arteritis exclusion), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (posterior vitreous detachment PVD, horseshoe tears, lattice degeneration, Lincoff rules, pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy PPV, intraocular endotamponades SF6, C3F8, silicone oil), full-thickness macular hole (Gass stages, inverted internal limiting membrane ILM flap), epiretinal membrane (vitreomacular traction syndrome VMT), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR, choroidal hyperpermeability, half-dose photodynamic therapy PDT), posterior uveitis (ocular toxoplasmosis classic 'headlight in the fog' lesions and pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine/folinic acid or cotrimoxazole regimens, ocular toxocariasis, cytomegalovirus CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, acute retinal necrosis ARN), ocular sarcoidosis, and inherited retinal dystrophies (retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, Best disease).

Neuro-Ophthalmology, Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology

Affections of the visual pathway, cranial nerves, ocular motility, and pediatric ophthalmology. Topics include optic neuritis (Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial ONTT, multiple sclerosis, MOGAD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder NMOSD AQP4-IgG serology), papilledema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH / pseudotumor cerebri, modified Dandy criteria, lumbar puncture opening pressure > 250 mmH2O, acetazolamide, surgical shunting), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (non-arteritic NAION vs arteritic AAION / giant cell arteritis / Horton's arteritis, temporal artery biopsy and duplex ultrasound, emergency high-dose IV methylprednisolone to prevent fellow eye blindness), cranial nerve palsies (oculomotor CN III with pupil involvement / PCoA aneurysm, trochlear CN IV Bielschowsky head tilt test, abducens CN VI false localizing sign), ocular myasthenia gravis (ice pack test, anti-AChR and anti-MuSK antibodies, pyridostigmine, thymoma screening), amblyopia screening, diagnosis, and treatment (patching occlusion, atropine penalization, refractive correction), strabismus evaluation (cover/uncover test, alternate cover test, prism adaptation, infantile esotropia, accommodative esotropia, intermittent exotropia, Duane retraction syndrome, Brown syndrome), and pediatric ocular conditions (congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma / buphthalmos / goniotomy, retinopathy of prematurity ROP / ETROP screening and laser/anti-VEGF treatment, and retinoblastoma / RB1 genetics).

Oculoplastics, Orbit & Ocular Trauma

Ocular traumatology, eyelid disorders, orbital diseases, and periocular oncology. Core topics include chemical eye injuries (alkali vs acid injury pathophysiology, Roper-Hall and Dua classifications, immediate copious irrigation with balance salt solution or tap water, limbal ischemia, topical steroids, ascorbic acid, amniotic membrane transplantation), mechanical ocular trauma and open globe injury protocol (Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology BETT, Seidel test, rigid eye shield, systemic broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, urgent primary surgical wound closure, intraocular foreign body IOFB extraction, endophthalmitis prophylaxis), orbital blowout fractures (inferior rectus muscle entrapment, white-eyed blowout fracture in children, oculocardiac reflex, surgical indication timing), preseptal vs orbital cellulitis (subperiosteal abscess, ethmoid sinusitis, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, urgent CT orbits/sinuses, IV ceftriaxone + vancomycin, surgical drainage criteria), eyelid malpositions and ptosis (entropion, ectropion, aponeurotic ptosis, levator function assessment), periocular malignancies (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, margin-controlled excision and eyelid reconstruction), and thyroid eye disease / Graves orbitopathy (EUGOGO classification, Clinical Activity Score CAS, high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulses, teprotumumab, surgical orbital decompression).