100+ Free Ruankao Programmer (Junior) Practice Questions

Prepare for the Computer Technology and Software Professional Qualification (Level) Examination — Junior Programmer (计算机技术与软件专业技术资格（水平）考试 — 初级程序员) exam with instant access — no signup required.

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Practice Questions100 questions

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Ruankao Programmer (Junior) Exam

45/75

Passing score required on each of the two subjects in the same sitting

National 软考 fixed passing standard (60% of 75) cited in 深人考发〔2026〕7号

240 minutes

Combined CBT time for 基础知识 then 程序设计

软考 computer-based sitting rules for junior qualifications

24–27 Oct 2026

Lower-half-year 2026 sitting window

计考办〔2026〕1号 / 深人考发〔2026〕7号

RMB 73/subject

Guangdong/Shenzhen fee example

粤发改价格函〔2024〕1073 via 深人考发〔2026〕7号

No score rollover

Both subjects must be passed together

软考 two-subject sitting rule

软考 Junior Programmer is a Chinese CBT qualification: knowledge MCQs plus a programming paper in one 240-minute sitting, 45/75 on each subject, no score rollover. The 2026 sitting is 24–27 October 2026. This 100-question English MCQ bank adapts number systems, C, data structures, and software-engineering judgment; it is not an official paper.

Sample Ruankao Programmer (Junior) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Ruankao Programmer (Junior) exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1On the 软考初级程序员计算机硬软件基础知识 paper, what is the decimal value of hexadecimal 0x2A?

A.32

B.40

C.42

D.52

Explanation: Hexadecimal 0x2A means 2×16 + 10×1 = 32 + 10 = 42. Each hex digit is a 4-bit group, so 2 is 0010 and A is 1010, which is the same 8-bit pattern as decimal 42. 软考程序员 papers expect this conversion without a calculator.

2On 软考初级程序员计算机硬软件基础知识, convert the unsigned binary integer 10110 to decimal.

A.11

B.21

C.22

D.26

Explanation: Place values from the right are 2^0 through 2^4. 10110 = 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 22. Only the 1-bits add: 16 + 4 + 2.

3In 8-bit two's complement (补码), which bit pattern represents −1?

A.10000001

B.10000000

C.11111110

D.11111111

Explanation: In two's complement, adding 1 to a bit pattern of all 1s overflows the 8-bit width and yields 0, so 11111111 is −1. Equivalently, start from +1 (00000001), invert to 11111110, and add 1 to obtain 11111111. This is a standard 软考程序员机内表示 fact.

4Convert unsigned octal 157 to decimal, the kind of 数制转换 item 软考初级程序员 tests.

A.87

B.111

C.157

D.175

Explanation: Octal place values are powers of 8. 157₈ = 1×64 + 5×8 + 7×1 = 64 + 40 + 7 = 111₁₀. You can also map each octal digit to 3 bits (001 101 111) and convert that binary value.

5What is the 8-bit two's-complement (补码) representation of −5?

A.00000101

B.10000101

C.11111010

D.11111011

Explanation: Write +5 as 00000101. Invert every bit to get the ones' complement 11111010, then add 1 to obtain 11111011. The 原码 of −5 is 10000101 and the 反码 is 11111010; 补码 is 反码 plus one. Adding 11111011 + 00000101 yields 00000000 in 8 bits, which confirms −5 + 5 = 0.

6An 8-bit register holds two's-complement value 10000001. What signed decimal integer is stored?

A.−1

B.−127

C.−128

D.129

Explanation: The leading 1 means the value is negative. Invert 10000001 to 01111110 and add 1, obtaining 01111111 = 127, so the original pattern is −127. Only 10000000 encodes −128 in 8-bit two's complement; 10000001 is one step toward zero from that minimum.

7Compute the bitwise AND of the 8-bit patterns 10110100 and 11001100. What is the 8-bit result?

A.10000100

B.11111100

C.00000000

D.10111100

Explanation: AND yields 1 only where both bits are 1. Align the bytes: 10110100 AND 11001100 = 10000100. Bitwise AND is the machine-level logic operation named in the 程序员考试说明 (算术和逻辑运算).

8In the CPU of a stored-program computer, which unit performs arithmetic (add, subtract) and logic (AND, OR, NOT) on data?

A.Program counter (PC)

B.Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

C.Instruction register (IR)

D.Memory address register (MAR)

Explanation: The ALU (算术逻辑单元) executes arithmetic and logic operations. The 程序员考试说明 asks candidates to understand major component roles: the ALU is the execution engine, while PC, IR, and MAR hold addresses or the current instruction rather than computing results.

9After an ordinary sequential instruction is fetched, which register is typically updated to the address of the following instruction?

A.Accumulator (AC)

B.Instruction register (IR)

C.Program counter (PC)

D.Stack pointer (SP)

Explanation: The program counter stores the address of the next instruction. In a sequential flow it is incremented by the instruction length after fetch (or during fetch). IR holds the fetched instruction itself; AC is a data register; SP points at the stack, not the code stream.

10The 程序员考试说明 includes 排列组合. How many ways can a project lead choose 2 testers from 5 distinct testers if order does not matter?

A.5

B.10

C.20

D.25

Explanation: That is the combination C(5,2) = 5×4 / 2×1 = 10. Order does not matter, so the permutation P(5,2)=20 would double-count each pair. 软考 applied-math items at this level use C(n,k) = n! / (k!(n−k)!).

About the Ruankao Programmer (Junior) Exam

The Ruankao Junior Programmer exam (软考初级程序员) is a national computer-technology qualification under MIIT and MOHRSS. Official 考试说明 (https://www.ruankao.org.cn/article/content/bkzn/01_18.html) requires number systems, computer organization, OS and language basics, C plus one of C++/Java/Visual Basic, data structures, software engineering, and related law. The 2026 sitting is in the lower-half window 24–27 October 2026 per 计考办〔2026〕1号 / 深人考发〔2026〕7号. Delivery is computer-based in Chinese: two subjects in one sitting, combined 240 minutes. Both papers must reach 45/75; scores do not roll. There is no education or experience restriction. Fees are set provincially. This OpenExamPrep bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation, not an official translation or a substitute for the written programming paper.

Assessment

Computer-based combined sitting of 240 minutes. 基础知识: maximum 120 minutes and minimum 90 minutes. Remaining time is 程序设计. Candidates who will not sit 程序设计 may leave after 120 minutes; those continuing may leave 60 minutes before the end. Both subjects must reach 45/75 in the same sitting; scores do not roll.

Time Limit

240 minutes combined

Passing Score

45/75 each subject

Exam Fee

Provincially set (e.g. Guangdong/Shenzhen RMB 73/subject per 粤发改价格函〔2024〕1073 and 深人考发〔2026〕7号) (MIIT & MOHRSS / ruankao.org.cn)

Ruankao Programmer (Junior) Exam Content Outline

18%

data-representation-and-computer-organization

Number-system conversion, machine representation, arithmetic and logic operations, and computer-organization performance indicators from the official 考试说明

12%

operating-systems-and-programming-languages

Operating-system and programming-language fundamentals named in the Programmer 考试说明

22%

c-and-second-language-programming

C program design plus one of C++, Java, or Visual Basic as required by the official 考试说明

18%

data-structures-and-algorithms

Basic data structures and commonly used algorithms that 程序员 papers treat as 熟练掌握

18%

software-engineering-databases-networks

Software-engineering basics, database/network/multimedia familiarity, and office-software operation

12%

standards-security-and-informatization

IT standards, security, informatization, and simple English reading required by the 考试说明

How to Pass the Ruankao Programmer (Junior) Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 45/75 each subject
Assessment: Computer-based combined sitting of 240 minutes. 基础知识: maximum 120 minutes and minimum 90 minutes. Remaining time is 程序设计. Candidates who will not sit 程序设计 may leave after 120 minutes; those continuing may leave 60 minutes before the end. Both subjects must reach 45/75 in the same sitting; scores do not roll.
Time limit: 240 minutes combined
Exam fee: Provincially set (e.g. Guangdong/Shenzhen RMB 73/subject per 粤发改价格函〔2024〕1073 and 深人考发〔2026〕7号)

Keys to Passing

Work through all 100 available questions
Review every answer and explanation
Track weak areas and revisit them
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Ruankao Programmer (Junior) Study Tips from Top Performers

1Drill binary/octal/hex conversions and two's-complement arithmetic until you can do them without a calculator.

2On C items, watch operator precedence, pointer vs array decay, and off-by-one index errors.

3Memorize the time complexities of common sorts (quicksort average O(n log n), bubble O(n²)) as they appear as MCQ traps.

4Treat 程序设计 cases as specification-reading: identify input, output, and the required control structure before coding.

5Do not skip the '了解' law and informatization items — they are short but scored.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Ruankao Junior Programmer qualification?

It is the Junior Programmer subject (初级程序员) in the Computer Technology and Software Professional Qualification (Level) Examination (软考). Official 考试说明: https://www.ruankao.org.cn/article/content/bkzn/01_18.html. Passing confers the corresponding junior professional qualification (助理工程师/技术员 level).

How is the official exam structured and scored?

Two subjects are taken in one computer-based sitting totaling 240 minutes. 计算机硬软件基础知识 is a choice paper (maximum 120 minutes, minimum 90 minutes). Remaining time is 程序设计. Each subject is scored out of 75; both must reach 45 in the same sitting. Scores do not roll.

Who may sit the exam, and what does it cost?

There is no education or experience restriction under 国人部发〔2003〕39号. Fees are set by each province. Shenzhen/Guangdong charge RMB 73 per subject (深人考发〔2026〕7号 citing 粤发改价格函〔2024〕1073).

When is the 2026 sitting?

Programmer is offered in the lower-half-year window. Provincial notices implementing 计考办〔2026〕1号 place the 2026 sitting on 24–27 October 2026. Register through https://www.ruankao.org.cn/.

Why are these practice questions in English?

The official exam is in Chinese (officialLanguages: zh) and 程序设计 is a written programming paper. This OpenExamPrep bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation of syllabus knowledge and programming judgment. It is not an official translation, not a CBT simulation, and not a substitute for practicing Chinese program write-ups.