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General Tort & Fault Liability (OR Art. 41–61)

Covers the core elements of extra-contractual fault liability under the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR Art. 41–61): damage concepts under the difference theory (Differenztheorie), distinction between objective and subjective illegality (Erfolgsunrecht in bodily injury and property damage vs Verhaltensunrecht and protective statutory norms in pure economic loss / reiner Vermögensschaden), natural causation (conditio sine qua non) and adequate causation (adäquater Kausalzusammenhang according to the ordinary course of things and general experience of life), fault grading (Vorsatz, grobe und leichte Fahrlässigkeit, Urteilsfähigkeit), legal grounds of justification (Einwilligung, Notwehr Art. 52 Abs. 1 OR, Notstand Art. 52 Abs. 2 OR, Selbsthilfe Art. 52 Abs. 3 OR), interruption of the causal chain (Kausalitätsunterbrechung through gross third-party fault, force majeure / höhere Gewalt, or gross victim's own fault), plural liability and solidarity (Solidarität Art. 50/51 OR, internal regress cascade / Regressordnung between intentional/culpable tortfeasors, contractual obligors, and strict liability holders), and contractual vs tortious concurrence (Anspruchskonkurrenz Art. 97 ff. / 101 OR vs Art. 41 ff. OR, differences in limitation periods, burden of proof, and vicarious liability).

Strict & Objective Liabilities (OR & Special Statutes)

Focuses on simple and strict causal liabilities under the Swiss Code of Obligations, Swiss Civil Code, and federal special statutes: principal's liability (Geschäftsherrenhaftung Art. 55 OR, enterprise organization, and the fourfold Sorgfaltsbeweis: cura in eligendo, instruendo, custodiendo, and organization of work), animal keeper liability (Tierhalterhaftung Art. 56 OR), building and works owner liability (Werkeigentümerhaftung Art. 58 OR, Werkmangel: construction defects vs maintenance deficits, absolute causal liability without exoneration via care), head of household liability (Familienoberhaupthaftung Art. 333 ZGB); Road Traffic Act (SVG / LCR Art. 58–89: motor vehicle keeper liability, Betriebsgefahr, strict exoneration conditions Art. 59 SVG, direct right of action against third-party liability insurer Art. 65 SVG, exclusion of contractual defenses Art. 65 Abs. 2 SVG, multi-vehicle collisions Art. 60/61 SVG, National Guarantee Fund NGF and National Bureau of Insurance NVB); Product Liability Act (PrHG: producer liability, defect categories, safety expectations Art. 4 PrHG, development risk defense Art. 5 Abs. 1 lit. e PrHG, CHF 900 deductible for private property damage Art. 6 PrHG); Environmental Protection Act (USG Art. 59a ff.); Railway Act (EBG Art. 40b ff.); and Aviation Act (LFG Art. 64 ff.).

Damages Assessment & Moral Compensation (Schadensberechnung & Genugtuung)

Examines detailed damages computation methodologies and moral compensation in Swiss practice: difference theory (Differenztheorie: hypothetical vs actual financial position), concrete calculation of personal injury (Personenschaden Art. 46 OR) and property damage (Sachschaden), temporary and permanent loss of earnings (Erwerbsschaden, Valideneinkommen vs Invalideneinkommen, career progression scenarios), present value capitalization (Kapitalisierung) using the standard Stauffer/Schätzle/Weber and Leonard actuarial tables, selection of the judicial discount rate (Rechnungszins), normative household damage (Haushaltschaden, compensation for lost homemaking capacity without actual external expenditure, Swiss Federal Statistical Office SAKE/ESS data), professional and family nursing/care expenses (Pflegeschaden, normative compensation of care provided by relatives under Art. 42 Abs. 2 OR), future pension loss (Rentenschaden AHV/IV/BVG retirement capital deficit), benefit offset (Vorteilsanrechnung / compensatio lucri cum damno), and moral compensation (Genugtuung Art. 47/49 OR: severity of physical/mental suffering, Federal Supreme Court benchmark tables, basic starting amount adjustments, reduction for contributory negligence, and default interest from the date of the damaging event).

Insurance Contract Law (VVG / LCA — 2022 Revision)

Detailed coverage of the Swiss Insurance Contract Act (VVG SR 221.229.1, including all provisions of the landmark 2022 partial revision): pre-contractual duty of disclosure and legal consequences of breach (Anzeigepflichtverletzung Art. 4–8 VVG, written/electronic questionnaire requirements, strict 4-week cancellation deadline from insurer's knowledge Art. 6 Abs. 1 VVG, statutory causality requirement barring claim denial if undisclosed fact did not influence the insured event Art. 6 Abs. 3 VVG), increase of risk (wesentliche Gefahrserhöhung Art. 28–30 VVG), maturity of insurance benefits Art. 41 VVG (4 weeks after complete documentation), extension of the general statutory limitation period to 5 years (Verjährung Art. 46 VVG, with 10-year absolute cap), insured's duty to mitigate damages (Schadenminderungspflicht Art. 61 VVG), over-insurance, double insurance (Art. 53 VVG), under-insurance calculation (Pro-rata-Regel), direct statutory right of action for injured third parties against liability insurers (Art. 60 Abs. 1bis VVG), policyholder's 14-day right of revocation (Art. 2a VVG), ordinary termination rights after 3 years for multi-year contracts (Art. 35a VVG), and termination following a partial claim (Art. 42 VVG).

Social Insurance Coordination & Subrogation (ATSG, UVG, IVG, BVG, KVG)

Addresses the Federal Act on the General Part of Social Insurance Law (ATSG SR 830.1) and specific social insurance statutes: coordination of cash benefits and statutory overcompensation limits (Überentschädigungsverbot Art. 69 ATSG: limit of presumed lost earnings plus additional injury-related costs), statutory subrogation / recourse of social insurers (Regress und Subrogation Art. 72–75 ATSG, ex lege transfer of claims upon occurrence of the insured event), threefold congruence requirements (personelle, sachliche, zeitliche Kongruenz), non-congruent benefits immune from social insurance subrogation (Integritätsentschädigung UVG Art. 24/25 UVG vs Genugtuung, BGE 134 III 489), priority of the injured victim (Quotenvorrecht des Geschädigten Art. 73 Abs. 1 ATSG in cases of partial liability or insurance limits); specific benefit structures under UVG (statutory accident definition Art. 6 UVG, bodily injury similar to accident Art. 6 Abs. 2 UVG, daily allowance 80%, disability pension, complementary pension up to 90% combined with AHV/IV under Art. 20 UVG), IVG (priority of rehabilitation over pensions / Eingliederung vor Rente, income comparison method Art. 16 ATSG / 28 IVG), BVG (mandatory and extra-mandatory occupational pension funds, statutory subrogation Art. 34b BVG), KVG (statutory health benefits, exclusion of subrogation against third-party liability insurers except under Art. 72 ATSG); and Swiss civil litigation procedure (Streitverkündung Art. 78–81 ZPO, Streitverkündungsklage Art. 82 ZPO, Teilklage Art. 86 ZPO, judicial expert evidence vs party-commissioned medical assessments).