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Certificat d'Aptitude Professionnelle (CAPA) — Épreuve de fin de stage d'avocat (DR Congo)

Practice Questions100 questions

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe Test de Stage Exam

US$355

Non-refundable participation fee for the single session of the 2026 admission test; US$255 for the second session

Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe, Commission des admissions communiqués 2026

2 Years

Statutory duration of the avocat stage, extendable by the conseil de l'Ordre for at most two further years

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, Article 18

Licence en droit

Academic qualification required for access to the profession, alongside Congolese nationality and good character

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, Article 7

Art. 74

Provision listing the acts forbidden to avocats, including revealing professional secrets and aleatory fee agreements tied to the outcome

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, Article 74

48 Hours

Maximum police custody (garde à vue) before release or transfer to the competent judicial authority

Constitution de la RDC du 18 février 2006, Article 18

Written entrance test of the Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe for admission to the two-year avocat stage under Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028; US$355 for a single session. Free 100-question English MCQ study aid, not an official-format simulation.

Sample Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe Test de Stage Practice Questions

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1Under Article 352 of the Congolese Family Code (Loi n° 87-010 as modified by Loi n° 16/008 du 15 juillet 2016), what is the minimum statutory age required to contract a civil marriage in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

A.18 complete years for both the man and the woman, with no judicial age dispensation available

B.18 years for men and 15 years for women, with a possible age dispensation from the Tribunal de Paix

C.21 years for men and 18 years for women under customary law

D.16 years for both men and women upon presentation of a medical fitness certificate

Explanation: Article 352 as rewritten by Loi n° 16/008 reads: « L'homme et la femme avant dix-huit ans révolus ne peuvent contracter mariage. » The reform unified the age at 18 complete years for both spouses and removed the former second paragraph that had allowed the tribunal de paix to grant age dispensations, aligning the Family Code with the 2009 child-protection statute.

2Under the Congolese Family Code, what legal effect does the betrothal agreement (fiançailles) produce regarding the celebration of the marriage?

A.It constitutes a mutual promise of marriage that does not obligate the parties to marry, but wrongful unilateral breach may give rise to damages

B.It legally compels both parties to celebrate the marriage under penalty of criminal prosecution

C.It transfers ownership of all prospective matrimonial property immediately to the future husband

D.It is an unchallengeable civil contract that can be specifically enforced by an order of the Tribunal de Paix

Explanation: Under Articles 337 to 348 of the Family Code, betrothal (fiançailles) is a mutual promise to marry. It never obligates either party to celebrate the marriage (freedom of marriage is protected), but an abusive or fault-based unilateral rupture entitles the injured party to reparation for material and moral damages.

3Which matrimonial property regime applies by default in the Democratic Republic of the Congo when the spouses have not executed a marriage contract prior to or during the celebration of marriage?

A.The regime of legal community reduced to acquests (communauté réduite aux acquêts)

B.The regime of universal community of all property (communauté universelle)

C.The regime of complete separation of property (séparation des biens)

D.The customary matriarchal trust regime (régime coutumier de dévolution)

Explanation: Article 487 of the Family Code organises three regimes between which the spouses may opt: séparation des biens, communauté réduite aux acquêts and communauté universelle. Article 488 then provides that where the spouses do not make a choice before the officier de l'état civil, « le régime matrimonial qui leur sera applicable sera celui de la communauté réduite aux acquêts ».

4Under Article 448 of the Congolese Family Code as amended by Loi n° 16/008 of 15 July 2016, how was the legal capacity of a married woman reformed?

A.The wife's one-sided marital authorisation was abolished and replaced by a reciprocal requirement that the spouses agree on juridical acts by which they bind themselves to a personal performance

B.Marital authorization was replaced by a mandatory permit from the Ministry of Justice for commercial transactions

C.The husband remains the sole administrator of all separate and joint assets with absolute power of unilateral disposition

D.The wife was granted legal capacity exclusively for household food purchases under $100

Explanation: Article 448 as rewritten by Loi n° 16/008 reads: « Les époux doivent s'accorder pour tous les actes juridiques dans lesquels ils s'obligent à une prestation qu'ils doivent effectuer. » The former rule requiring the wife alone to obtain her husband's authorisation disappeared; the requirement is now mutual, and Article 449 sends persistent disagreement to the Tribunal de paix while Article 451 lists the acts needing no spousal agreement.

5What is the statutory deadline for declaring a birth to the civil status registrar (Officier de l'état civil) under Article 116 of the Congolese Family Code?

A.90 days following the birth

B.30 days following the birth

C.15 days following the birth

D.6 months following the birth

Explanation: Under Article 116 of the Family Code (modified by Loi n° 16/008), every birth must be declared to the civil status registrar within 90 days of delivery. Beyond this 90-day window, a birth certificate can only be registered pursuant to a supplementary judgment (jugement supplétif d'acte de naissance) from the Tribunal de Paix.

6Under the Congolese Family Code, divorce may be sought only on the ground of irretrievable breakdown of the conjugal union (Article 549). Which situation does the Code treat as an irrebuttable presumption of that breakdown, relieving the petitioner of any further proof?

A.Absence within the meaning of Article 176 prolonged for two years, or a judicial declaration of absence under Articles 187 and following

B.Continuous de facto separation of the spouses for at least three consecutive years

C.A temporary job transfer of one spouse to another province for six months

D.A refusal by one spouse to adopt the other spouse's religious denomination

Explanation: Article 549 gives a single ground for divorce — the destruction irrémédiable de l'union conjugale — and Article 550 leaves the court to infer it from the facts. Article 552 is the one statutory shortcut: absence as defined in Article 176, prolonged for two years, and a declaration of absence under Articles 187 and following « constituent une présomption irréfragable de la destruction irrémédiable de l'union conjugale ».

7In the statutory order of legal succession under Article 758 of the Congolese Family Code, who constitutes the first category of legal heirs?

A.The children of the deceased born in wedlock, those born out of wedlock but affiliated during his lifetime, and the children he adopted, represented where they predeceased him by their own descendants

B.The surviving spouse alone, to the exclusion of the children

C.The maternal and paternal uncles and aunts of the deceased

D.The Public Treasury of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Explanation: Article 758 a) confines the first category to the deceased's children — born in marriage, born outside marriage but affiliated during his lifetime, and adopted — with representation by their descendants. The surviving spouse is not in this category: Article 758 b) places the spouse, the father and mother, and the brothers and sisters together in the second category, as three distinct groups.

8Under Articles 759 and 779 of the Congolese Family Code, what share of the estate goes to the first-category heirs and is protected against the deceased's testamentary dispositions?

A.Three-quarters (3/4) of the net estate

B.One-half (1/2) of the net estate

C.One-third (1/3) of the net estate

D.The entirety (100%) of the net estate without any disposable portion

Explanation: Article 759 provides that « les héritiers de la première catégorie reçoivent les trois quarts de l'hérédité », divided equally among them with representation for their descendants. Article 779 then shields that quota: it cannot be encroached upon by testamentary dispositions in favour of heirs of other categories or of legatees, and Article 781 orders excessive legacies reduced to the quotité disponible.

9Under Article 614 of the Family Code, what is the legal effect of the affiliation (déclaration de paternité) of a child born out of wedlock, and within what period must it be made?

A.Affiliation is compulsory and must be made within twelve months of the birth; it fixes the paternal bond and, once established, places the child in the first category of heirs

B.It creates only an unenforceable moral duty with no civil or inheritance consequences

C.It requires annual renewal before the civil registrar until the child reaches majority

D.It is valid only if accompanied by payment of a commercial indemnity to the child's maternal clan

Explanation: Article 601 lists the three ways paternal filiation is established — the marital presumption, a declaration, or an action en recherche de paternité. Article 614 governs the second: « Tout enfant né hors mariage doit faire l'objet d'une affiliation dans les douze mois qui suivent sa naissance », late affiliation being possible only against a fine. A child affiliated during the father's lifetime is a first-category heir under Article 758 a).

10Under Article 317 of the Family Code as amended by Loi n° 16/008, how long does the minor child remain under parental authority, and who resolves a disagreement between the father and the mother?

A.Until the child's majority, under the joint authority of both parents; if they disagree, either of them may refer the matter to the Tribunal pour enfant

B.Until the child's majority, under the joint authority of both parents; if they disagree, the father's will prevails

C.Until the child completes primary school, after which the extended family council decides

D.Until the child obtains employment, after which the employer exercises parental authority

Explanation: Article 317 as rewritten by Loi n° 16/008 provides that the minor child remains until majority under the joint authority of the father and mother as regards the administration of his person and property and the protection of his safety, health and morals, and that « en cas de dissentiment entre le père et la mère, chacun d'eux a un droit de recours devant le Tribunal pour enfant ».

About the Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe Test de Stage Exam

The Test d'Admission à la Liste de Stage is the written entrance test the Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe requires of law graduates before they may begin the compulsory stage under Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 du 28 septembre 1979. Its published programme covers droit judiciaire, droit du travail and droit civil des personnes together with a dissertation and a dictation. This free bank offers 100 English-language multiple-choice study questions across those subjects and the bar deontology that governs the stage; it is a study aid and not a simulation of the official format.

Assessment

Written admission test (test de contrôle de connaissance du droit congolais) organised by the Commission des admissions of the Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe. The 2026 sessions were held at the Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de la Gombe — 22 February 2026 for the first session and 19 July 2026 for the second, postponed from 5 July. Passing it is the « preuve de réussite au test d'admission » required in the file for inscription on the Liste de Stage, which opens the two-year stage of Article 18 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028.

Time Limit

Not published by the Conseil de l'Ordre; the 2026 sittings began at 09:00

Passing Score

Not published; the Commission des admissions announces the list of admitted candidates and organises a second session for those not admitted or absent

Exam Fee

US$355 for the single session and US$255 for the second session, non-refundable; a separate US$100 frais d'achat de décision is payable on inscription to the Liste de Stage (Conseil de l'Ordre des Avocats près la Cour d'Appel de Kinshasa/Gombe)

Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe Test de Stage Exam Content Outline

~40% of this bank

Droit judiciaire — organisation, compétences et procédures

Loi organique n° 13/011-B du 11 avril 2013 ; Code de procédure civile (Décret du 07 mars 1960) ; Code de procédure pénale (Décret du 06 août 1959).

~18% of this bank

Droit civil des personnes et de la famille

Code de la Famille (Loi n° 87-010 modifiée par la Loi n° 16/008 du 15 juillet 2016).

~18% of this bank

Droit civil des obligations et contrats

Code civil congolais Livre III (Décret du 30 juillet 1888).

~14% of this bank

Droit du travail

Code du Travail (Loi n° 015/2002 modifiée par la Loi n° 16/010).

~10% of this bank

Déontologie et statut de l'avocat

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 du 28 septembre 1979.

How to Pass the Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe Test de Stage Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Not published; the Commission des admissions announces the list of admitted candidates and organises a second session for those not admitted or absent
Assessment: Written admission test (test de contrôle de connaissance du droit congolais) organised by the Commission des admissions of the Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe. The 2026 sessions were held at the Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de la Gombe — 22 February 2026 for the first session and 19 July 2026 for the second, postponed from 5 July. Passing it is the « preuve de réussite au test d'admission » required in the file for inscription on the Liste de Stage, which opens the two-year stage of Article 18 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028.
Time limit: Not published by the Conseil de l'Ordre; the 2026 sittings began at 09:00
Exam fee: US$355 for the single session and US$255 for the second session, non-refundable; a separate US$100 frais d'achat de décision is payable on inscription to the Liste de Stage

Keys to Passing

Work through all 100 available questions
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Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe Test de Stage Study Tips from Top Performers

1Work through Loi organique n° 13/011-B on court competence: the Tribunal de paix hears claims capable of valuation up to 2,500,000 CDF (Article 110) and offences punishable by at most five years (Article 85), and sits with three judges in criminal matters but a single judge in civil ones (Article 10).

2Learn the procedural deadlines exactly: eight clear days plus distance for the assignation (Article 9 CPC), fifteen days for civil opposition (Article 61), thirty days for civil appeal (Article 67), ten days for criminal opposition (Article 89) and ten days for criminal appeal capped at forty-five (Article 97).

3Master the detention timeline: forty-eight hours of garde à vue under Article 18 of the Constitution, five days on the mandat d'arrêt provisoire before the judge (Article 28 CPP), then fifteen days of confirmation renewable month by month (Article 31 CPP).

4Fix the Family Code numbers that changed in 2016: eighteen years for both spouses with no dispensation (Article 352), ninety days to declare a birth (Article 116), spousal agreement replacing marital authorisation (Article 448), and joint parental authority with recourse to the Tribunal pour enfant (Article 317).

5In labour law, distinguish the fifteen working days to notify a dismissal for faute lourde (Article 72) from the two working days for a suspension pending investigation, and remember the three-year prescription of Article 317 with its one-year exception for wages.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the official format of the Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe stage admission test?

It is a written sitting held in French. The Commission des admissions' 2026 communiqués list droit judiciaire (organisation, compétences, procédures), droit du travail and droit civil des personnes, together with a dissertation and a dictation. No item count, duration or pass mark is published. It is not an English multiple-choice examination; this bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation for reviewing the underlying law.

What does it cost, and when is it held?

The Barreau de Kinshasa/Gombe set participation at US$355 for a single session and US$255 for the second session, in both cases non-refundable. The 2026 sittings took place at the Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de la Gombe: 22 February 2026 for the first session, and 19 July 2026 for the second after a postponement from 5 July. A further US$100 frais d'achat de décision is payable when the admission decision is issued.

Who may sit the test?

Article 7 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 requires Congolese nationality — a foreign national being admissible only on a condition of reciprocity or under an international convention — a licence or doctorat en droit, no conviction for acts contrary to honour, probity or good morals, and a certificat de bonnes vie et mœurs for the last five years. For the February 2026 session the Commission des admissions further restricted entry to graduates of UNIKIN, UNIKIS and UNILU; later communiqués admitted candidates who had studied abroad on the same documents.

What happens after passing the test?

Proof of success is one of the documents required for the admission application to the Liste de Stage, alongside the degree, civil-status papers and the maître de stage's written undertaking. Once admitted the candidate takes the oath of Article 14 before the Cour d'appel and is inscribed on the Liste de Stage. Article 18 fixes the stage at two years, extendable by the conseil de l'Ordre for at most two more, and Article 16 ends it with an épreuve sanctioned by a certificat d'aptitude professionnelle, which Article 21 makes a condition of inscription on the tableau.