100+ Free DR Congo CAPA Avocat Practice Questions

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Key Facts: DR Congo CAPA Avocat Exam

Art. 16

Provision establishing the end-of-stage épreuve sanctioned by a certificat d'aptitude professionnelle, in conditions fixed by the Conseil National de l'Ordre

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 du 28 septembre 1979

2–4 Years

Duration of the stage: two years, extendable by the conseil de l'Ordre for at most two further years

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, Article 18

Art. 21

Provision making the certificat d'aptitude professionnelle a condition of inscription on the tableau of a barreau

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, Article 21

Art. 22

Provision dispensing former magistrates and law professors of at least three years, former avocats, and former défenseurs judiciaires or mandataires de l'État of at least five years

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, Article 22

AUPSRVE

OHADA Uniform Act governing simplified debt recovery and enforcement measures, applicable in the DRC

OHADA Treaty and Uniform Acts

Statutory end-of-stage épreuve sanctioned by a certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAPA), required by Article 21 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 for inscription on the tableau of a Congolese barreau. Free 100-question English MCQ study aid, not an official-format simulation.

Sample DR Congo CAPA Avocat Practice Questions

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1Under Article 74 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 of 28 September 1979, read with Article 73 of the Penal Code, what is the legal character of professional secrecy (secret professionnel) in the DRC?

A.A general rule of public order covering client confidences, consultations, correspondence and file contents, breach of which is both a disciplinary fault and a criminal offence — subject only to the two statutory exceptions of testimony in court and legal compulsion

B.A relative privilege that the lawyer may waive at will whenever offered a financial bonus by the opposing party

C.A temporary duty that automatically expires six months after the final judgment is pronounced

D.A rule that applies only to criminal cases and excludes all civil, tax, and commercial consultations

Explanation: Article 74 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 lists among the acts forbidden to avocats « de révéler les secrets qui leur sont confiés en raison de leur profession ou d'en tirer eux-mêmes un parti quelconque », so disclosure is a professional fault exposing the avocat to the disciplinary regime of Articles 86 and following. Article 73 of the Penal Code adds the criminal sanction for those who are depositaries of secrets by status or profession, « hors le cas où elles sont appelées à rendre témoignage en justice et celui où la loi les oblige à faire connaître ces secrets ». Those two statutory exceptions are the boundary of the duty; outside them it does not depend on the client's leave.

2What procedural safeguard must be strictly respected when judicial authorities or police perform a search (perquisition) or seizure of documents in a lawyer's law office in the DRC?

A.The search must be conducted in the presence of the Bâtonnier de l'Ordre (or his designated representative) and under conditions preserving the secrecy of all unrelated client files

B.The search may be conducted at any time by junior police officers without notifying the Barreau

C.The search requires an administrative permit signed by the Provincial Minister of Commerce

D.Searches of law firms are completely illegal and can never be executed under any circumstances

Explanation: Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 contains no special article on searching a cabinet d'avocat; the safeguard is drawn from the secrecy duty that Article 74 imposes on the avocat and Article 73 of the Penal Code protects, and from the bâtonnier's statutory mission under Article 49 to represent the barreau and defend the rights of its members. Congolese bar practice therefore requires the search to be conducted by a competent magistrate in the presence of the bâtonnier or his delegate, whose role is to ensure that files unconnected with the investigation are not read or seized.

3Under Congolese Bar rules, how must an avocat handle a conflict of interest (conflit d'intérêts) when approached by a prospective client?

A.The lawyer must refuse to advise or represent both parties in the same dispute, and must decline any representation where prior confidential knowledge of an adversary would create an unfair advantage

B.The lawyer may represent both opposing parties simultaneously if both sign a waiver and pay double fees

C.The lawyer must represent whichever party offers the highest initial retainer deposit

D.Conflicts of interest are ignored in commercial cases involving registered corporate entities

Explanation: Under the Règlement Intérieur of the Ordre National des Avocats, the principle of loyalty and independence prohibits a lawyer from advising, representing, or defending two or more parties with conflicting interests in the same matter. The lawyer must also refrain from acting against a former client if confidential information obtained in the former mandate could be utilized.

4What is the legal status of an agreement by which a lawyer agrees to handle a lawsuit exclusively for a pure contingency fee (pacte de quota litis pur) under Congolese law?

A.It is null and void (nul de plein droit) and constitutes a disciplinary infraction against the independence of the Bar

B.It is fully valid and mandatory in all commercial and corporate lawsuits

C.It is permitted only if approved by the Minister of Justice

D.It is valid provided the agreed percentage does not exceed 90% of the claim

Explanation: Article 74 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 forbids avocats « de faire avec les parties, en vue d'une rétribution, des conventions aléatoires, subordonnées à l'issue du procès ». A pure pacte de quota litis is exactly such an aleatory convention: the whole fee depends on the outcome and nothing is owed if the case is lost. Article 81 confirms that consultation and pleading fees are to be agreed within the scale fixed by the conseil national de l'Ordre, which leaves room for a success element added to a genuine base fee but not for a fee consisting solely of a share of the result.

5How must an avocat handle funds received on behalf of clients (maniement des fonds clients) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

A.Client funds must be kept strictly segregated from the lawyer's personal and firm operational accounts, recorded in a dedicated client accounting ledger, and transferred promptly to the client upon receipt

B.Client funds may be freely invested in the lawyer's personal stock market portfolio pending trial

C.Client funds automatically become the personal property of the lawyer after thirty days

D.Client funds must be donated to the Barreau's annual banquet committee

Explanation: Under Bar financial regulations and Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, lawyers must maintain absolute separation between firm operating funds and third-party funds (fonds clients). Money received from settlements, enforcement seizures, or escrow must be deposited in dedicated trust/client accounts and disbursed immediately to the client after deducting agreed fees.

6Under Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, what is the composition and role of the Conseil de l'Ordre sitting as a Disciplinary Council (Conseil de discipline)?

A.It is composed of the elected members of the Conseil de l'Ordre presided over by the Bâtonnier, and has exclusive first-instance disciplinary jurisdiction over all avocats of the Bar

B.It is composed of three police officers and two commercial court assessors

C.It is chaired by the Minister of Interior and includes five university students

D.It is a foreign tribunal operating under the auspices of the African Union

Explanation: Article 86 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 exposes an avocat to discipline for any contravention of the law, any breach of professional rules and « tout manquement à la probité, à l'honneur ou à la délicatesse, même se rapportant à des faits extraprofessionnels ». Article 88 designates the forum: « les fautes et manquements des avocats sont réprimés par le conseil de l'Ordre siégeant comme conseil de discipline », whether on the complaint of a magistrate, an avocat, a stagiaire or any interested person, or of its own motion. Article 92 gives the bâtonnier the preliminary inquiry, and Articles 93-94 guarantee the avocat's summons and access to the file.

7Under Articles 96 and 97 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, what recourse is open against a disciplinary sanction pronounced by the Conseil de l'Ordre, and how far does it go?

A.The avocat concerned and the procureur général may refer the sentence to the Conseil National de l'Ordre within two months of its notification, and the Conseil National's disciplinary decision is then open to no further recourse

B.An appeal to the Conseil National de l'Ordre followed, if the avocat is still dissatisfied, by a further appeal to the Cour d'appel

C.A direct petition to the International Criminal Court in The Hague

D.No recourse of any kind; the decision of the Conseil de l'Ordre is final on the spot

Explanation: Article 95 requires every disciplinary sentence to be notified within fifteen days to the avocat, the procureur général and any complainant. Article 96 then provides that « l'avocat poursuivi et le procureur général peuvent déférer devant le conseil national de l'Ordre, les sentences rendues par le conseil de l'Ordre, dans un délai de deux mois à compter de leur notification ». Article 97 closes the chain: « Dans tous les cas, les décisions du conseil national de l'Ordre rendues en matière disciplinaire ne sont susceptibles d'aucun recours. »

8Under Bar deontology in the DRC, what is the principle of confraternité (fraternal loyalty) governing interactions between lawyers?

A.The duty to maintain courtesy, mutual respect, and loyalty, including the mandatory prior communication of all exhibits, legal briefs, and authorities to opposing counsel before trial hearings

B.An obligation to lend money to any colleague upon simple demand

C.A requirement to share 50% of all client fees with the oldest lawyer in the courtroom

D.A prohibition against ever arguing against a colleague in court

Explanation: Confraternité is a cornerstone of the legal profession. It mandates mutual respect, professional courtesy, avoidance of personal attacks, and scrupulous adherence to the adversarial principle (principe du contradictoire) through timely, spontaneous communication of all legal arguments and evidence to opposing counsel.

9What is the consequence under Congolese Bar rules if an avocat learns that his client intends to commit perjury or submit fabricated forged evidence in court?

A.The lawyer must refuse to tender the forged evidence and, if the client insists, must withdraw from the representation while maintaining professional secrecy

B.The lawyer is required to assist the client in altering the dates on the forged document

C.The lawyer must immediately testify as a prosecution witness against his client in the same hearing

D.The lawyer must charge an extra $1,000 fee for handling high-risk documents

Explanation: Under the core duties of probity, dignity, and respect for the administration of justice, a lawyer can never be complicit in fraud or perjury. The lawyer must counsel the client against the illegal act; if the client persists, the lawyer has an absolute ethical duty to terminate the mandate and withdraw from the case, without breaching professional secrecy.

10Under Articles 21 and 29 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028, what is the tableau of a barreau, and who may be inscribed on it?

A.The roll kept by the conseil de l'Ordre, under the supervision of the conseil national, of all avocats having their chambers within the Cour d'appel's resort; it admits those who have completed the stage and obtained the certificat d'aptitude professionnelle, together with those dispensed from both under Article 22

B.A decorative painting displayed in the lobby of the Cour de cassation

C.A provisional list of law students who have completed their second year of university

D.A financial ledger listing the commercial debts owed by foreign companies

Explanation: Article 3 reserves the title of avocat to those inscribed « sur un tableau de l'Ordre ou sur une liste de stage ». Article 21 states who may be inscribed on the tableau of a barreau near a Cour d'appel: « 1° Les avocats qui ont terminé leur stage et qui ont obtenu le certificat d'aptitude professionnelle; 2° Les personnes dispensées du stage et du certificat d'aptitude professionnelle, en vertu des dispositions de l'article 22 » — former magistrates and law professors of at least three years, former avocats, and former défenseurs judiciaires or mandataires de l'État of at least five years. Article 29 has the conseil de l'Ordre keep the tableau under the conseil national's supervision, in order of seniority, and Article 30 requires it to be permanently posted at the palais de justice alongside the liste des stagiaires.

About the DR Congo CAPA Avocat Exam

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo the stage of an avocat ends with a statutory épreuve sanctioned by a certificat d'aptitude professionnelle — commonly called the CAPA by Congolese barreaux — established by Article 16 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 du 28 septembre 1979 and organised in conditions fixed by the Conseil National de l'Ordre. Obtaining it is, under Article 21, the condition of inscription on the tableau of a barreau. This free bank provides 100 English-language multiple-choice study questions on the deontology, procedure, OHADA business and enforcement law and labour litigation the stage is meant to impart.

Assessment

Statutory end-of-stage épreuve. Article 16 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 provides that « le stage se termine par une épreuve organisée et sanctionnée par un certificat d'aptitude professionnelle dans les conditions fixées par le conseil national de l'Ordre ». Article 20 then requires the maître de stage to report on a stagiaire who has passed it, and Article 21 makes the certificate a condition of inscription on the tableau — subject to the dispensations of Article 22 for former magistrates and law professors of at least three years, former avocats, and former défenseurs judiciaires or mandataires de l'État of at least five years. Congolese barreaux commonly refer to the resulting certificate as the CAPA.

Time Limit

Not published

Passing Score

Not published; conditions fixed by the Conseil National de l'Ordre under Article 16

Exam Fee

Not published; fixed by each Conseil de l'Ordre as part of the stage (Ordre National des Avocats (ONA) & Conseils de l'Ordre des Barreaux de la RDC)

DR Congo CAPA Avocat Exam Content Outline

~25% of this bank

Déontologie, statut de l'avocat et règles professionnelles

Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 et Règlement Intérieur Cadre : caractère libéral et indépendant de la profession (Art. 2), serment (Art. 14), stage (Art. 16 à 20), incompatibilités (Art. 58), actes interdits dont le secret professionnel et les conventions aléatoires (Art. 74), honoraires et leur contestation (Art. 81), régime disciplinaire (Art. 86 à 102).

~25% of this bank

Pratique de la procédure civile et voies d'exécution OHADA

Code de procédure civile et Acte uniforme OHADA (AUPSRVE) : rédaction d'actes d'huissier, gestion des incidents d'instance, injonction de payer, saisie conservatoire, saisie-attribution de créances et contentieux de l'exécution.

~20% of this bank

Procédure pénale avancée et pratique de la défense

Code de procédure pénale et garanties constitutionnelles : défense en garde à vue, contestation de la détention préventive en chambre du conseil, liberté provisoire sous caution, nullités de procédure et plaidoirie récapitulative.

~15% of this bank

Droit des affaires OHADA et pratique commerciale

Actes uniformes OHADA (AUDSCGIE, AUDCG, AUS, AUPROCAP) : formes de sociétés commerciales (SARL, SA, SAS), baux commerciaux, sûretés réelles et personnelles, et procédures collectives d'apurement du passif.

~15% of this bank

Pratique du contentieux du travail et social

Code du Travail de la RDC (Loi n° 015/2002 modifiée par la Loi n° 16/010) : licenciement individuel et économique, conciliation obligatoire devant l'Inspection du Travail, action devant le Tribunal du Travail et calcul des indemnités.

How to Pass the DR Congo CAPA Avocat Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Not published; conditions fixed by the Conseil National de l'Ordre under Article 16
Assessment: Statutory end-of-stage épreuve. Article 16 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 provides that « le stage se termine par une épreuve organisée et sanctionnée par un certificat d'aptitude professionnelle dans les conditions fixées par le conseil national de l'Ordre ». Article 20 then requires the maître de stage to report on a stagiaire who has passed it, and Article 21 makes the certificate a condition of inscription on the tableau — subject to the dispensations of Article 22 for former magistrates and law professors of at least three years, former avocats, and former défenseurs judiciaires or mandataires de l'État of at least five years. Congolese barreaux commonly refer to the resulting certificate as the CAPA.
Time limit: Not published
Exam fee: Not published; fixed by each Conseil de l'Ordre as part of the stage

Keys to Passing

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DR Congo CAPA Avocat Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master the deontology of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 article by article: the acts forbidden by Article 74, the incompatibilities of Article 58, the fee regime and its contestation route under Article 81, and the disciplinary scale of Article 87 with the two-month recourse to the Conseil National de l'Ordre under Article 96.

2Thoroughly study the OHADA Uniform Act on Simplified Recovery Procedures and Enforcement Measures (AUPSRVE), specifically injonction de payer prerequisites, third-party attachments (saisie-attribution), and execution judge powers.

3Understand the mechanics of pretrial detention review in Congolese criminal procedure: the initial 5-day MAP by the OMP, the 15-day ordonnance de confirmation by the judge in chambre du conseil, and subsequent 30-day monthly renewals.

4Review OHADA company law (AUDSCGIE) on the creation, management, and liability of officers in SARLs and SAs.

5Understand Congolese labor litigation: remember that the procès-verbal de non-conciliation from the Inspecteur du Travail is an indispensable admissibility condition for proceedings in the Tribunal du Travail.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the legal basis of the certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAPA) in the DR Congo?

Article 16 of Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 du 28 septembre 1979: after setting the objects of the stage — participation in the works and conferences of the conseil de l'Ordre, attendance at hearings and effective professional work under the maître de stage — it provides that « le stage se termine par une épreuve organisée et sanctionnée par un certificat d'aptitude professionnelle dans les conditions fixées par le conseil national de l'Ordre ». Article 21 then makes that certificate a condition of inscription on the tableau. The statute uses the phrase certificat d'aptitude professionnelle; Congolese barreaux, such as the Barreau du Kongo Central, refer to it as the CAPA.

How long is the stage before the end-of-stage épreuve?

Article 18 fixes it at two years. It cannot be interrupted for more than three months without the conseil de l'Ordre's authorisation, and the conseil may extend it by decision for a further period of at most two years — so four cumulative years is the ceiling.

Who is dispensed from the stage and the certificate?

Article 22 dispenses former magistrates who served at least three years, persons who taught law for at least three years as professors in a university or higher-education institution, former avocats previously inscribed on the tableau of a barreau, former défenseurs judiciaires who practised for at least five years, and former mandataires de l'État who served at least five years.

Is the DRC end-of-stage épreuve in English or multiple-choice?

No. It is conducted in French, and Congolese barreaux describe it as written practice work — drafting procedural acts and consultations — with an oral on deontology and pleading before the Conseil de l'Ordre. Ordonnance-loi n° 79-028 publishes no item count, duration or pass mark, leaving the conditions to the Conseil National de l'Ordre. This 100-question multiple-choice bank is an English-language study adaptation designed to test the underlying Congolese and OHADA law; it is not an official translation, a simulation of the format, or a substitute for the drafting and oral practice the épreuve requires.