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100+ Free Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) Practice Questions

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) Exam

Set by edital

SBGG publishes the paper structure, cut score and fee in a numbered edital for each edition; no standing figures are published

Edital TEG — SBGG

4 Hours

Theoretical Phase Duration

Edital Oficial SBGG / AMB

Set by edital

SBGG publishes the paper structure, cut score and fee in a numbered edital for each edition; no standing figures are published

Edital TEG — SBGG

Set by edital

SBGG publishes the paper structure, cut score and fee in a numbered edital for each edition; no standing figures are published

Edital TEG — SBGG

Lei 10.741/03

Estatuto da Pessoa Idosa (amended by Lei 14.423/22)

Presidência da República do Brasil

Res. CFM 1.995/12

Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade (DAV)

Conselho Federal de Medicina

EWGSOP2

Consensus on Sarcopenia Diagnosis & Management

European Working Group on Sarcopenia / SBGG

Beers 2023

AGS Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medications

American Geriatrics Society / SBGG

Board certification examination for Brazilian physicians seeking the official specialist title in Geriatrics (Título de Especialista em Geriatria) awarded by SBGG/AMB/CFM. The assessment evaluates Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (AGA), Geriatric Syndromes, Neurocognitive Disorders, Pharmacotherapy & Beers Criteria, Frailty & Sarcopenia, Palliative Care, and Brazilian Elderly Health Policies.

Sample Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In the biology of human aging and geriatric medicine, what is the fundamental conceptual distinction between senescence (senescência) and senility (senilidade)?
A.Senescence encompasses universal, progressive, and intrinsic physiological changes associated with normal chronological aging, whereas senility refers to pathological conditions, diseases, or morbid sequelae that are not part of healthy aging.
B.Senescence is defined as the accelerated functional decline occurring exclusively in individuals aged 80 and older, whereas senility refers to early-onset neurodegenerative disorders occurring before age 65.
C.Senescence and senility are clinical synonyms denoting the unavoidable cognitive impairment and loss of basic activities of daily living that occur in all older adults.
D.Senescence refers to exogenous, lifestyle-induced organ damage such as alcoholic cirrhosis, whereas senility describes genetically pre-programmed telomere shortening.
Explanation: Senescence (senescência) represents the universal, inevitable, and progressive physiological decline in homeostatic reserve and cellular function that occurs with chronological aging across all organ systems without overt disease. Senility (senilidade), in contrast, denotes pathological processes, diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's dementia, severe atherosclerosis), and complications that may disproportionately affect older adults but are never considered normal or inevitable consequences of aging.
2Which of the following cardiovascular physiological modifications is a classic feature of normal cardiovascular senescence (envelhecimento cardiovascular fisiológico)?
A.Diffusely increased arterial compliance with a marked reduction in pulse wave velocity and decreased systemic vascular resistance.
B.Progressive arterial stiffening due to elastin fragmentation and collagen cross-linking, leading to increased pulse wave velocity and isolated systolic blood pressure elevation.
C.Marked resting tachycardia caused by enhanced myocardial sensitivity and upregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors.
D.Significant acceleration of early diastolic left ventricular filling (E wave elevation) accompanied by atrial fibrillation in over 80% of healthy octogenarians.
Explanation: Normal arterial aging involves progressive loss and fragmentation of vascular elastin fibers, increased collagen deposition, and advanced glycation end-product cross-linking in the media of large elastic arteries (such as the aorta). This results in decreased vascular distensibility, increased pulse wave velocity, earlier reflected pressure waves, widened pulse pressure, and isolated systolic hypertension. Resting heart rate remains unchanged or slightly decreases due to beta-adrenergic desensitization and intrinsic sinus node remodeling.
3Regarding the renal physiology of aging (senescência renal), which change explains why older adults are particularly vulnerable to volume depletion, dehydration, and hypernatremia?
A.Hypertrophy of the renal medullary pyramids with excessive sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle.
B.Loss of functional cortical nephrons, decreased glomerular filtration rate, reduced renal medullary hypertonicity, impaired tubular sodium/water conservation, and blunted osmoreceptor-mediated thirst sensation.
C.Sustained hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism causing massive potassium wasting and water retention.
D.Increased baseline secretion of antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin) coupled with heightened thirst perception.
Explanation: Renal senescence is characterized by progressive sclerosis and loss of cortical glomeruli, an average decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of approximately 0.75–1.0 mL/min/1.73m² per year after age 40, and blunted responsiveness of the distal tubules to aldosterone and vasopressin. Concurrently, older adults exhibit diminished renal medullary hypertonicity (limiting maximum urine concentrating ability) and impaired central osmoreceptor and baroreceptor thirst mechanisms (hipodipsia do idoso), making them highly susceptible to dehydration, prerenal azotemia, and hypernatremia during acute stress.
4Which set of pulmonary changes is characteristic of normal respiratory senescence (senescência respiratória)?
A.Increased chest wall compliance, decreased residual volume, increased vital capacity, and heightened hypercapnic ventilatory drive.
B.Decreased chest wall compliance (calcification of costochondral joints), loss of alveolar elastic recoil (senile emphysema), increased residual volume, and blunted hypoxic/hypercapnic ventilatory responses.
C.Preservation of total lung capacity with marked increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and arterial PaO2.
D.Complete atrophy of the respiratory mucociliary clearance system accompanied by resting respiratory acidosis in healthy older adults.
Explanation: Respiratory senescence includes stiffening of the thoracic cage due to costochondral calcification and dorsal kyphosis (reduced chest wall compliance), coupled with progressive loss of parenchymal elastin fibers leading to loss of lung elastic recoil ('senile lung' or senile emphysema). These changes lead to an increase in functional residual capacity and residual volume (RV), a decrease in vital capacity (VC) and FEV1, early closure of dependent small airways during tidal breathing, widening of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and diminished central ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia.
5The term 'immunosenescence' (imunosenescência) combined with 'inflammaging' (inflamação estéril crônica de baixo grau) refers to:
A.An absolute deficiency in B-lymphocyte antibody production with preservation of pristine naive T-cell repertoires.
B.Thymic involution, progressive shrinkage of the naive T-cell pool, oligoclonal expansion of memory/effector T-cells, blunted vaccine responsiveness, and a chronic low-grade systemic elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP).
C.A state of generalized hyper-reactive autoimmune destruction affecting only the thyroid and adrenal glands.
D.The complete absence of neutrophil phagocytic activity leading to spontaneous opportunistic fungal infections in all individuals over 70.
Explanation: Immunosenescence describes age-related remodeling of the immune system driven by thymic involution, resulting in a contracted naive T-cell pool (CD4+ and CD8+), an oligoclonal expansion of senescent memory/effector T cells (often CD28-), impaired cell-mediated immunity, and diminished response to novel antigens and vaccines. Concurrently, inflammaging describes a chronic, sterile, low-grade systemic inflammatory state characterized by elevated circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP), which drives sarcopenia, vascular disease, and neurodegeneration.
6Which of the following physiological changes of the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems is expected during normal human senescence?
A.Marked increase in hepatic cytochrome P450 Phase I microsomal oxidative metabolism, accelerating drug clearance.
B.Hypersecretion of gastric intrinsic factor leading to elevated serum vitamin B12 concentrations.
C.Presbyesophagus (mild loss of secondary esophageal peristalsis and non-propulsive tertiary contractions), decreased splanchnic blood flow, and a reduction in liver mass and Phase I hepatic clearance.
D.Accelerated colonic transit time with a widespread reduction in intestinal mucosal water absorption.
Explanation: Gastrointestinal senescence involves smooth muscle and myenteric plexus alterations leading to presbyesophagus (decreased amplitude of peristalsis and tertiary contractions), delayed gastric emptying for liquids, and prolonged colonic transit time. In the liver, total functional hepatic volume decreases by 20–40% and hepatic perfusion drops by approximately 35%, accompanied by a decline in Phase I microsomal enzyme (CYP450) activity, while Phase II conjugation pathways (glucuronidation, sulfation) remain relatively preserved.
7Regarding age-related changes in body composition and endocrine axes (somatopause and adrenopause), which statement is correct?
A.Total body water increases by 30%, while total body fat and visceral adiposity decline significantly.
B.There is an increase in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion, causing spontaneous muscle hypertrophy in octogenarians.
C.Total body water decreases, lean muscle mass declines (sarcopenia), percentage body fat increases (predominantly visceral/intra-abdominal fat), and circulating DHEA and DHEA-S levels fall markedly (adrenopause).
D.Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) drops to undetectable levels, leading to universal hypercalcemia.
Explanation: Normal aging causes significant alterations in body composition: total body water decreases (from ~60% in young adults to ~45-50% in older adults), skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density decrease, and total body fat increases with preferential redistribution to visceral and intramuscular compartments. Endocrine senescence includes somatopause (reduced GH and IGF-1 secretion), adrenopause (marked decline in adrenal androgens DHEA and DHEA-S), and menopause/andropause, alongside a compensatory increase in PTH to maintain normocalcemia in the face of reduced intestinal calcium absorption.
8The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Índice de Katz / AVD Básicas) evaluates functional autonomy based on which set of six basic self-care tasks?
A.Bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding.
B.Using the telephone, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry, and financial management.
C.Driving, public transit navigation, medication adherence, leisure planning, reading, and working.
D.Ambulation, balance on one leg, climbing stairs, writing, drawing a clock, and memorizing three words.
Explanation: The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL / AVDs Básicas) assesses functional performance across six fundamental self-care activities: Bathing (banho), Dressing (vestir-se), Toileting (uso do vaso sanitário), Transferring (transferência/locomoção da cama para cadeira), Continence (continência urinária e fecal), and Feeding (alimentação). Loss of these functions generally follows a hierarchical biological order, where bathing is lost earliest and feeding is preserved longest.
9Which of the following domains is specifically evaluated by the Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL / Escala de Lawton-Brody) scale?
A.Ability to breathe without mechanical support and swallow thin liquids without coughing.
B.Independent performance of household and community-management tasks: telephone use, shopping, preparing meals, housekeeping, laundry, mode of transportation, responsibility for own medications, and ability to handle finances.
C.Somatic reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, cranial nerve integrity, and sensory vibration thresholds.
D.Basic sphincter control, transferring from bed to chair, and independent bathing.
Explanation: The Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale assesses an older individual's ability to live independently in the community through eight practical tasks: telephone use, shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, medication management, and handling personal finances. IADLs require higher neuropsychological and executive integration than basic ADLs (Katz) and are typically impaired early in the course of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia.
10In the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (AGA), the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ / Questionário de Atividades Funcionais de Pfeffer) is primarily employed to:
A.Quantify absolute handgrip strength in kilograms using a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer.
B.Screen for functional impairment in instrumental activities driven specifically by cognitive decline, utilizing an informant report where a score ≥ 5 indicates functional dependence suggestive of dementia.
C.Assess 24-hour urinary output and detrusor leak point pressure in women with stress incontinence.
D.Calculate 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability based on femoral neck bone mineral density.
Explanation: The Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ / FAQ) consists of 10 items administered to a knowledgeable informant/caregiver to evaluate functional abilities that rely heavily on cognitive and executive integrity (e.g., managing money, keeping track of current events, preparing a cup of coffee, remembering appointments). In Brazilian clinical practice and validation studies, a cutoff score of ≥ 5 points (out of a total 30) is widely adopted to indicate significant cognitive-driven functional impairment, helping differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment (preserved functional independence) from Major Neurocognitive Disorder / Dementia.

About the Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) Exam

The Título de Especialista em Geriatria is the official medical board certification examination awarded by the Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia (SBGG) in conjunction with the Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB) and the Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). This prestigious certification validates advanced clinical competency in the medical care of older adults, including the physiology of aging (senescence vs. senility), comprehensive geriatric assessment (Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla - AGA), the classic geriatric giants (immobility, postural instability/falls, urinary/fecal incontinence, iatrogenesis/polypharmacy, and cognitive impairment), major neurocognitive disorders (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia), delirium, geriatric pharmacology (Beers 2023 and STOPP/START v3 criteria), chronic geriatric multimorbidity (hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia), frailty phenotypes (Fried criteria), sarcopenia diagnosis (EWGSOP2), bioethics and palliative medicine (advance directives under Resolução CFM nº 1.995/2012, symptom control), and Brazilian public health legislation for older persons (Estatuto da Pessoa Idosa - Lei nº 10.741/2003 and PNSPI). Note: This practice question bank is an English-language clinical MCQ study adaptation designed for rigorous international-standard preparation, maintaining official Brazilian clinical nomenclature and statutory terminology inline.

Assessment

TEG — Exame de Suficiência para obtenção do Título de Especialista em Geriatria, run by the Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia (SBGG) with the AMB; registration for the 2026 cycle ran from 07/07/2026 to 07/08/2026. This entry is scoped to the MEDICAL Geriatria title that leads to the CFM's RQE. The SBGG separately certifies Gerontologia for non-medical health professions under different eligibility rules; the two must not be merged.

Time Limit

Set by each annual edital

Passing Score

Set by each edition's edital

Exam Fee

Set annually by the society's edital and varies with society/AMB membership status; consult the current edital before budgeting (Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia (SBGG) — Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB))

Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) Exam Content Outline

20%

Fisiologia do Envelhecimento e Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA)

Explores the biological mechanisms of aging (senescence vs senility), organ-specific changes (arterial stiffening, loss of nephrons and blunted thirst, immunosenescence, altered gastrointestinal motility), and the systematic application of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (AGA) tools including Katz Index (BADL), Lawton-Brody Scale (IADL), Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).

20%

Grandes Síndromes Geriátricas e Instabilidade / Quedas / Incontinência

Examines the classic 'Geriatric Giants' formulated by Bernard Isaacs: Immobility syndrome (pathophysiology, systemic deconditioning), Pressure injury classification (NPUAP/EPUAP stages 1–4, unstageable, deep tissue injury) and Braden scale risk stratifiers, Postural instability and multifactorial fall risk assessment (intrinsic/extrinsic causes, gait analysis), Urinary incontinence (Urgency, Stress, Overflow, Functional, and reversible causes via DIAPPERS mnemonic), Fecal impaction/overflow incontinence, altered sleep architecture, and oropharyngeal presbyphagia.

20%

Transtornos Neurocognitivos, Delirium e Saúde Mental no Idoso

Covers differential diagnosis and therapeutic management of major neurocognitive disorders: Alzheimer's Disease (biomarkers, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, amyloid monoclonal antibodies), Vascular Dementia (subcortical ischemic and multi-infarct), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, neuroleptic sensitivity), Frontotemporal Dementia variants, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Hakim-Adams triad), Delirium evaluation (Confusion Assessment Method - CAM, HELP prevention bundles, non-pharmacological protocols), and late-life depression vs pseudodementia.

15%

Farmacologia Geriátrica, Polifarmácia e Critérios de Desprescrição (Beers / STOPP-START)

Addresses geriatric clinical pharmacokinetics (Phase I CYP450 vs Phase II conjugation, lipophilic vs hydrophilic drug distribution, renal clearance estimation via Cockcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI), pharmacodynamics (enhanced CNS and orthostatic sensitivity, blunted beta-receptor response), Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB), Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) under the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria 2023, STOPP/START version 3 criteria, prescribing cascades, and structured deprescribing algorithms.

15%

Doenças Clínicas Crônicas, Fragilidade e Sarcopenia no Idoso

Focuses on evidence-based chronic disease management in older adults: Arterial Hypertension (isolated systolic hypertension, individualized targets under Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão, orthostatic hypotension), Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), Atrial Fibrillation anticoagulation (DOACs vs Warfarin, fall risk vs stroke benefit), Type 2 Diabetes individualized HbA1c goals (SBD/ADA), Osteoporosis management (DXA, FRAX Brasil, bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide), Fried Physical Frailty Phenotype (5 criteria), and EWGSOP2 Sarcopenia consensus algorithm.

10%

Cuidados Paliativos, Bioética e Políticas Públicas da Pessoa Idosa no Brasil

Encompasses palliative symptom control (refractory pain, dyspnea, terminal secretions/death rattle, palliative sedation), bioethical decision-making (ethical futility of artificial enteral feeding in end-stage dementia), Advance Directives of Will (Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade - Resolução CFM nº 1.995/2012), Ortotanásia vs Distanásia (Resolução CFM nº 1.805/2006), Estatuto da Pessoa Idosa (Lei nº 10.741/2003 amended by Lei nº 14.423/2022 and super-priority under Lei nº 13.466/2017), PNSPI, and mandatory reporting of elder abuse.

How to Pass the Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Set by each edition's edital
  • Assessment: TEG — Exame de Suficiência para obtenção do Título de Especialista em Geriatria, run by the Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia (SBGG) with the AMB; registration for the 2026 cycle ran from 07/07/2026 to 07/08/2026. This entry is scoped to the MEDICAL Geriatria title that leads to the CFM's RQE. The SBGG separately certifies Gerontologia for non-medical health professions under different eligibility rules; the two must not be merged.
  • Time limit: Set by each annual edital
  • Exam fee: Set annually by the society's edital and varies with society/AMB membership status; consult the current edital before budgeting

Keys to Passing

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Título de Especialista em Geriatria (SBGG / AMB) Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (AGA) Instruments: Be fluent in the scoring, interpretation, and cutoffs for Katz (BADL), Lawton-Brody (IADL), Pfeffer FAQ (≥5 for cognitive functional impairment), GDS-15 (≥5/6 for depressive symptoms), MNA (<17 malnutrition), and Timed Up and Go (>12-14s for fall risk).
2Memorize the EWGSOP2 Sarcopenia Algorithm and Fried Frailty Criteria: Know the 5 Fried phenotype components (weight loss, exhaustion, low grip strength, slow gait speed, low physical activity) and EWGSOP2 diagnostic steps (Find via SARC-F -> Assess low grip strength <27kg men / <16kg women -> Confirm low muscle mass by DEXA/BIA -> Measure severity by gait speed ≤0.8 m/s).
3Internalize Beers 2023 and STOPP/START v3 Criteria: Review high-risk medication classes to avoid in older adults (first-generation antihistamines, tertiary TCAs, sliding-scale regular insulin, long-acting benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, chronic NSAIDs in CKD/HF, and alpha-blockers as antihypertensives).
4Differentiate Neurocognitive Disorders Systematically: Master the clinical triads and biomarker differences among Alzheimer's Disease (amnestic, amyloid/tau), Lewy Body Dementia (visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, severe neuroleptic hypersensitivity, REM sleep behavior disorder), Frontotemporal Dementia (early behavioral/personality changes, executive dysfunction), and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Hakim-Adams triad: magnetic gait, urinary urgency, dementia).
5Learn CFM Bioethics Resolutions and Brazilian Elder Law: Thoroughly review Resolução CFM nº 1.995/2012 (Advance Directives / DAV), Resolução CFM nº 1.805/2006 (Ortotanásia / limitation of futile treatments), and the Estatuto da Pessoa Idosa (Lei nº 10.741/2003, updated by Lei nº 14.423/2022 and the 80+ super-priority under Lei nº 13.466/2017).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between the SBGG Geriatria Specialist Title and the Gerontologia certification?

The Título de Especialista em Geriatria is a medical specialty credential administered jointly by SBGG and AMB and officially recognized by the Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), granting physicians the Registro de Qualificação de Especialista (RQE). In contrast, SBGG's Gerontologia titulation is a multidisciplinary certification for non-physician healthcare and human sciences professionals (nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, social workers, nutritionists). This question bank is strictly scoped to the medical specialist title examination (Geriatria).

What is the format and passing score for the SBGG Título de Especialista em Geriatria exam?

The examination is conducted in two phases: Prova Teórica (objective multiple-choice questions assessing medical knowledge across aging physiology, geriatric syndromes, neurocognitive disorders, pharmacology, and chronic disease) and Prova Prática / Teórico-Prática (clinical vignettes, functional assessments, neurocognitive testing interpretation, and palliative care scenarios). Candidates must achieve a minimum grade of 70% (7.0 out of 10.0) to obtain the specialist title.

What are the core eligibility prerequisites to sit for the SBGG/AMB exam?

Candidates must hold an active registration with the Regional Council of Medicine (CRM) and have completed either: (1) an accredited Medical Residency in Geriatrics recognized by the Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica (CNRM/MEC), or (2) a minimum of 4 to 6 years of documented medical practice in Geriatrics along with verified qualifying Continuing Medical Education (CME) credit points as defined in the official annual SBGG/AMB public edital.

Why does this practice question bank use English with Portuguese medical and legal terms inline?

This practice bank is designed as an English-language clinical MCQ study adaptation matching international medical examination standards while preserving exact official Brazilian clinical instruments (Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla - AGA, Escalas Katz e Lawton, Pfeffer FAQ, GDS-15), professional guidelines (SBGG, SBC/SBH, SBD), CFM bioethical resolutions (Resoluções CFM nº 1.995/2012 and nº 1.805/2006), and Brazilian statutes (Estatuto da Pessoa Idosa - Lei nº 10.741/2003).

What are the primary clinical guidelines referenced in the SBGG examination?

The exam heavily references the Brazilian Consensus on Geriatric Syndromes and Frailty (SBGG), the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria (2023 update), the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), STOPP/START version 3 criteria, Brazilian Hypertension Guidelines (Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão - SBC/SBGG), Brazilian Diabetes Society Guidelines (SBD), and CFM bioethics resolutions on Advance Directives and End-of-Life care.

How are the classic 'Geriatric Giants' evaluated on the examination?

Formulated originally by Bernard Isaacs, the Geriatric Giants (Immobility, Postural Instability/Falls, Incontinence, Iatrogenesis, and Cognitive Impairment) form a core pillar of the test. Questions assess clinical pathophysiology, systematic screening, functional impact, multifactorial etiology, prevention of secondary complications (e.g., pressure injuries, fractures, delirium), and interdisciplinary intervention planning.