100+ Free Armenia Biology Unified Exam Practice Questions

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Key Facts: Armenia Biology Unified Exam Exam

Armenia's Unified Entrance Exam in Biology (ATC / Dimord.am) combines Level A and Level B tasks in a single 180-minute sitting for a 4,500 AMD fee, graded on a 20-point scale on which 7.5 is the minimum positive score.

Sample Armenia Biology Unified Exam Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Armenia Biology Unified Exam exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which cell organelle is surrounded by a double membrane and possesses its own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

A.Mitochondria (and Chloroplasts)

B.Endoplasmic reticulum

C.Golgi apparatus

D.Lysosomes

Explanation: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes (inner and outer), their own circular prokaryotic-like DNA genome, and 70S ribosomes, reflecting their evolutionary origin from engulfed aerobic proteobacteria and photosynthetic cyanobacteria.

2In which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA replication (synthesis) take place?

A.S phase of Interphase (Synthesis phase)

B.G1 phase of Interphase

C.G2 phase of Interphase

D.M phase (Mitosis / Prophase)

Explanation: During the S phase (Synthesis phase) of interphase, the cell replicates its nuclear DNA, converting single chromatids into pairs of sister chromatids (2c -> 4c).

3If a segment of a template DNA strand has the sequence 3'-TAC GGA CTT GAT-5', what is the complementary mRNA sequence synthesized during transcription?

A.5'-AUG CCU GAA CUA-3'

B.5'-UAC GGA CUU GAU-3'

C.5'-ATG CCT GAA CTA-3'

D.3'-AUG CCU GAA CUA-5'

Explanation: RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA complementary and antiparallel to the template DNA strand, pairing A with U, T with A, G with C, and C with G: 3'-TAC GGA CTT GAT-5' -> 5'-AUG CCU GAA CUA-3'.

4How many molecules of ATP are generated per molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells (glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation)?

A.36 to 38 ATP molecules (or ~30–32 ATP in modern biochemical models)

B.2 ATP molecules

C.4 ATP molecules

D.100 ATP molecules

Explanation: Complete aerobic oxidation of 1 glucose molecule yields 36–38 ATP in classical high-school biology curricula (2 from glycolysis, 2 from Krebs cycle, and 32–34 from the electron transport chain).

5During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosome pairs undergo synapsis and crossing over (recombination)?

A.Prophase I

B.Metaphase I

C.Anaphase I

D.Prophase II

Explanation: During Prophase I of meiosis (specifically the pachytene stage), homologous chromosomes pair up in synapsis to form bivalents/tetrads and exchange non-sister chromatid segments at chiasmata (crossing over).

6What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

A.Intracellular digestion and autophagy of cellular waste via acid hydrolases

B.Synthesis of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal subunits

C.Lipid and steroid hormone biosynthesis

D.Generation of cellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation

Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing over 50 acidic hydrolytic enzymes (optimal pH ~4.5–5.0) that digest ingested macromolecules, foreign pathogens, and damaged organelles (autophagy).

7What is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) with complete dominance?

A.3 : 1 (Dominant to Recessive phenotype)

B.1 : 2 : 1 (Genotypic ratio: 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa)

C.9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (Dihybrid F2 ratio)

D.1 : 1

Explanation: A monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes (Aa x Aa) produces genotypes 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa. With complete dominance, both AA and Aa display the dominant phenotype, giving a 3 : 1 phenotypic ratio.

8A woman with normal vision whose father was color-blind (carrier: X^D X^d) marries a man with normal vision (X^D Y). What is the probability that their first son will be red-green color-blind?

A.50% (1/2 of sons will inherit the X^d allele)

B.25% (of all children, but 50% of sons)

C.100%

D.0%

Explanation: The mother is a carrier (X^D X^d) and the father is X^D Y. Sons receive the Y chromosome from their father and either X^D or X^d from their mother with equal probability (50% X^D Y normal, 50% X^d Y color-blind). Thus, among sons, the probability is 50%.

9In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa) is q² = 0.04 (4%). What is the frequency of heterozygous carriers (2pq) in this population?

A.0.32 (32%)

B.0.20 (20%)

C.0.64 (64%)

D.0.16 (16%)

Explanation: q² = 0.04 => q = sqrt(0.04) = 0.2. Since p + q = 1: p = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8. Frequency of heterozygotes 2pq = 2 * 0.8 * 0.2 = 0.32 = 32%.

10Which of the following structures represents homologous organs sharing a common evolutionary origin despite performing different functions?

A.The human arm, bat wing, whale flipper, and horse foreleg (divergent evolution)

B.The bird wing and insect wing (analogous organs / convergent evolution)

C.The eye of an octopus and human eye

D.The shark fin and dolphin flipper

Explanation: Homologous organs share fundamental anatomical architecture and developmental origin from a common ancestor (such as the pentadactyl vertebrate forelimb adapted for grasping, flying, swimming, and running).

About the Armenia Biology Unified Exam Exam

The Biology Unified Entrance Examination (Միասնական քննություն՝ «Կենսաբանություն») is the centralized national admission examination for university degree programs in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, clinical psychology, biotechnology, veterinary medicine, agronomy, and biology across Armenia. Administered by the Assessment and Testing Center (ATC) through Dimord.am, the test rigorously assesses high school biology across cytology, molecular biology, genetics, human anatomy and physiology, botany, zoology, and evolutionary ecology on a 20-point scale. This practice bank provides an English-language MCQ study adaptation.

Assessment

Centralized written examination lasting 180 minutes (3 hours), built from Level A and Level B tasks with sub-tasks. ATC sub-task types are four-option multiple choice, short written answer, and clusters of six statements marked True / False / Don't know. The raw score is converted to Armenia's 20-point admission scale.

Time Limit

180 minutes (3 hours)

Passing Score

7.5 out of 20 is the minimum positive score (RA Government Decision N 597-Ն, clause 67, as amended). Admission to high-demand faculties such as Yerevan State Medical University is decided competitively on the sum of two unified exam scores, and ATC publishes the annual cut-off for each programme.

Exam Fee

4,500 AMD (Assessment and Testing Center (ATC / ԳԹԿ - atc.am) / Ministry of ESCS)

Armenia Biology Unified Exam Exam Content Outline

25%

Cytology & Molecular Biology

Biomolecules, ATP energetics, organelle ultrastructure, enzyme kinetics, replication, transcription, translation, mitosis, and meiosis.

25%

Genetics & Evolutionary Theory

Mendelian genetics, epistasis, Morgan's linkage laws, crossing over, karyotypes, evolutionary mechanisms, and natural selection.

30%

Human Anatomy & Physiology

Tissue types, autonomic/somatic nervous regulation, endocrine glands, circulatory hemodynamics, digestion, renal filtration, and immunology.

20%

Organismal Diversity & Ecology

Plant anatomical adaptations, vertebrate evolution, population dynamics, biotic/abiotic ecological factors, and biosphere cycles.

How to Pass the Armenia Biology Unified Exam Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 7.5 out of 20 is the minimum positive score (RA Government Decision N 597-Ն, clause 67, as amended). Admission to high-demand faculties such as Yerevan State Medical University is decided competitively on the sum of two unified exam scores, and ATC publishes the annual cut-off for each programme.
Assessment: Centralized written examination lasting 180 minutes (3 hours), built from Level A and Level B tasks with sub-tasks. ATC sub-task types are four-option multiple choice, short written answer, and clusters of six statements marked True / False / Don't know. The raw score is converted to Armenia's 20-point admission scale.
Time limit: 180 minutes (3 hours)
Exam fee: 4,500 AMD

Keys to Passing

Work through all 100 available questions
Review every answer and explanation
Track weak areas and revisit them
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Armenia Biology Unified Exam Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master the genetic code mRNA codon table and practice transcription/translation problem sets.

2Review the steps of cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation) and photosynthesis (light and dark reactions).

3Thoroughly memorize human physiological feedback mechanisms, endocrine hormones, and nephron renal filtration/reabsorption stages.

4Solve official ATC past test booklets (շտեմարաններ) under strict timed conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Biology Unified Exam in Armenia?

It is the standardized national entrance examination administered by the Assessment and Testing Center (ATC) for applicants to medical, dental, pharmaceutical, veterinary, and biological faculties across Armenian universities.

How many tasks are on the exam and what is the testing time?

The examination combines Level A and Level B tasks with sub-tasks and lasts 180 minutes (3 hours). ATC does not publish a fixed task count for this subject.

What is the passing score?

A score of 7.5 or higher out of 20 is a positive result and admits the candidate to the competitive ranking, which is decided on the sum of two unified exam scores.

What areas of genetics are tested on the exam?

The exam tests monohybrid, dihybrid, and polyhybrid crosses, incomplete dominance, codominance (ABO blood groups), Morgan's linked inheritance, sex-linked traits (hemophilia, color blindness), and genetic code tables.

100+ Free Armenia Biology Unified Exam Practice Questions

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