Under Standard Test Conditions (STC) used to rate the peak power of a PV module, what irradiance and cell temperature are specified?
Pv Principles Cell Technology
Question · Easy
A PV module's power output is rated in which unit to reflect performance under Standard Test Conditions?
UK quality mark for small-scale renewable energy technologies such as solar panels and battery storage.
Documentation and legislation
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Introduction & Exam Overview
1.1 Current Exam Facts
Study guide
Which PV cell technology typically offers the highest conversion efficiency per unit area in commercial UK domestic modules?
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What is the effect of increasing cell temperature above 25°C on a crystalline silicon PV module's output?
Question · Medium
UK 2013 regulations that make producers and retailers responsible for take-back and recycling of discarded appliances.
When designing the maximum number of modules in a series string, which temperature condition produces the worst-case (highest) string open-circuit voltage that must not exceed the inverter's maximum input voltage?
System Design Sizing
Question · Hard
In a PV array, how does connecting modules in series affect the electrical characteristics of the string?
Reference set of 1,000 W/m² irradiance, 25 °C cell temperature and air mass 1.5 used for module ratings.
PV principles and components
1.2 Eligibility, Currency and Industry Recognition
What is the primary function of the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) within a grid-tied PV inverter?
Components Panels Inverters Mounting
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Term Match
A grid-connected string inverter for a UK domestic PV system must NOT energise an islanded section of the network during a mains outage. Which protection function ensures this?
Mcs G98 G99 Grid Connection
Inverter function that extracts the greatest possible output from the modules.
Which Engineering Recommendation applies to the simple 'connect and notify' (fit-and-inform) approach for a single-phase domestic PV inverter rated at or below 16 A per phase?
A single-phase domestic PV system uses an inverter rated above 16 A per phase (greater than approximately 3.68 kW). Which process must be followed before connecting to the grid?
Kind of diode fitted to a module to reduce harm and output loss when part of the panel is blocked from the sun.
1.3 Assessment Format and Permitted Materials
All fixed electrical installation work on a UK solar PV system must comply with which standard?
Dc Ac Wiring Bs7671
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Term Pairs
Which section of BS 7671 contains the particular requirements for solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems?
Group of modules wired in series and tested as one unit for open-circuit voltage.
Why must a DC isolator be provided at the input to a grid-tied PV inverter?
A key hazard of PV DC array wiring, compared with conventional AC circuits, is that the array:
Safety
Type of inverter that can also change AC into DC so a battery can charge.
Key Documentation and Legislation
2.1 Health, Safety and Continuity Law
Which sequence of DC tests is recommended (per IEC 62446-1 / MCS guidance) when commissioning a PV string?
Testing Commissioning
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Term Search
Before measuring the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of a PV string, what should the installer always confirm first?
Semiconductor element that absorbs sunlight and converts it into electricity.
Which UK scheme certifies installers and products to allow domestic PV customers to access government incentives such as the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)?
What is the main purpose of routine PV system maintenance and periodic inspection?
Maintenance
Larger unit, also called a panel, formed by connecting cells in chains; it can be used alone or joined with others into an array.
2.2 Building Regulations and Planning Permission
Partial shading of one cell or module in a series string can disproportionately reduce string output because:
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What is the function of a bypass diode fitted within a PV module's junction box?
___ factor is 1.00 when no near or far obstruction affects the array.
Design and installation
Which type of cable is specified for DC string wiring between PV modules and the inverter because of its UV, temperature and double-insulation properties?
To minimise the risk of induced over-voltages from lightning and to aid fault diagnosis, DC string wiring should be installed so that the area enclosed by the positive and negative conductors of a string is:
Generic term for a switch that disconnects the supply when it senses an imbalance between live conductors.
2.3 Waste, Transport and Battery Fire Documents
Which connector type has become the de-facto standard for joining PV module leads and string cables in the UK?
When MC4-type connectors from two different manufacturers are mated together ('cross-mating'), the main risk is:
Type 2 component, often built into an inverter, that BS 7671 applies to the DC side where section 443 calls for one.
A blocking diode placed in series with a PV string is primarily intended to:
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