12.3 Accident Duties, Najm/997, Violations & Points

When Theory Stops Being Abstract

Everything you studied—right-side discipline, following distance, weather, red dashboard lamps—exists so this section stays unread on a quiet night at home. When a crash still happens, the Moroor handbook shifts from prevention to procedure. Private-license theory expects you to know whom to call, how damage-only reporting commonly works in Saudi practice, why you must not flee, and how the traffic-points system and major violations protect the public.

Chapter 3.2 gave a preview. This section is the full duty map for exam readiness and real-world first minutes after impact.

Two Pathways: Injury vs Property Damage

Pathway A — Accident that results in injuries

If anyone is injured (or injury is reasonably suspected):

1. Call traffic at 911 or 993.
2. Call the Red Crescent at 997.
3. Secure the scene as best you can without creating new crashes.
4. Do not move injured people casually in ways that worsen spinal or internal injuries unless there is an immediate secondary danger (fire, live traffic about to hit them) and you know what you are doing—prefer trained responders.
5. Cooperate with arriving emergency and traffic personnel; provide accurate location and what you observed.

Exam lock: Injury accident emergency numbers in the handbook list are traffic 911 or 993 and Red Crescent 997. Najm is not the substitute for medical response when people are hurt.

Pathway B — Accident resulting in damage (property-damage path)

When the handbook describes accidents that result in damage (property-damage focus rather than the injury pathway above), it names Najm as the practical reporting channel many drivers use for insurance documentation in the Kingdom:

• Contact Najm.
• Use the Najm application.
• Photograph the accident from all angles.
• Park away from crowds if possible when safe and lawful to do so.
• Determine location, enter required data, and confirm phone number as the process requires.

Treat this as a practical duty concept for theory: document, report through the recognized system, and do not invent a handshake that leaves no record when reporting is required. Exact insurance company policies and any later regulatory updates may add detail, but the trainee handbook’s named damage workflow is Najm-centered documentation rather than “drive away and forget.”

Minor vs major severity (context from earlier unit)

The handbook also classifies accidents by seriousness for understanding response intensity—minor (limited property damage or injury not requiring hospital transfer themes) versus major (death, serious injury needing hospital/operation, or serious property/public losses). Your first-minute job is not to litigate the label; it is to call the correct help and not make the scene worse.

Secure the Scene Without Making Injuries Worse

After impact:

1. Stop and remain at the scene (see fleeing below).
2. Switch on hazard lights when appropriate so others see the cluster of vehicles.
3. If you can do so safely, move vehicles out of live high-speed lanes only when rules and safety allow—injury scenes and certain investigations may require vehicles to stay until authorities direct otherwise; do not destroy evidence recklessly, but also do not leave a car as a guaranteed rear-end target if responders instruct relocation for safety. Follow on-scene official instructions when they arrive.
4. Warn approaching traffic if safe (warning triangle where required/appropriate, persons standing well clear of live lanes—never stand in darkness on the carriageway as a “flag”).
5. Check for fire, fuel leaks, and electrical hazards; keep bystanders back.
6. Give first aid only within your competence; prioritize professional medical response via 997.

Do Not Flee the Scene

Leaving the scene of a crash you are involved in—especially with injury—is both a moral failure and a serious legal violation theme. Theory and traffic law frameworks treat failure to stop, assist as required, and report as aggravating conduct. Practical teaching for candidates:

• Stay.
• Help within your ability.
• Call the correct services.
• Identify yourself when required.
• Do not “swap numbers and disappear” when official reporting and medical response are required.

Fleeing also destroys your credibility in any later fault assessment. Fault percentages (examples used in handbook discussion such as 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) are for investigation—not for drivers to self-assign while speeding away.

Traffic Points: Accumulation and the 24-Point Threshold

Saudi traffic enforcement uses a points system recorded against violations by seriousness. Core handbook facts for the theory exam:

• Points are recorded for violations.
• If the number of points reaches 24, described as the maximum score in the system, the driver’s license will be withdrawn.
• Different violations carry different point weights.

Verified handbook-style point examples (study anchors)

You do not need to memorize every row of every regulations table for a perfect life, but you must understand the concept: points accumulate, severe offenses cost many points, and 24 is the withdrawal threshold in the handbook system.

Study note: Administrative details (how points may be reduced over time, exact re-licensing after withdrawal) can involve official procedures beyond a single trainee page—focus on accumulation risk and do not treat points as “free until 23.”

Major Prohibited Behaviors the Theory Exam Targets

Reckless driving, racing, and drifting

The handbook states that racing vehicles on public roads inside or outside city limits is prohibited. Drifting is treated as a dangerous illegal form of road racing. Reckless speed, intentional loss of traction for show, and competitive driving on public streets are not “youth culture”—they are crash factories with maximum enforcement severity.

Phone use while driving

Mobile phone use while driving appears among major crash-cause themes (with speeding, seat-belt neglect, and sudden path changes). Hands that text are eyes that do not scan. Theory answers that excuse “just one quick message at 100 km/h” fail both law and physics: reaction distance expands while attention collapses.

Alcohol and drugs

Driving under the influence is incompatible with licensing trust. The points table assigns 24 points for alcohol/drugs influence—enough alone to hit the withdrawal maximum. Impairment destroys judgment, vision processing, and reaction time; no “I drive better after…” story survives a theory stem.

Ignoring signals and traffic control

Running red lights (12 points in the handbook table for not stopping on red), disobeying officers, and treating stop/give-way signs as optional are core violations. Signals exist to separate conflicting mass at speed; ignoring them is choosing a side-impact lottery.

After a Crash: Theory Becomes Life-Saving Procedure

Use this memory chain:

1. People first — injury? → 997 + 911/993.
2. Scene second — hazards, secondary crash prevention.
3. Report third — damage path via Najm process when that pathway applies; always cooperate with traffic.
4. Honesty always — no fleeing, no fake stories that delay medical care.
5. Learn forever — ask which rule (speed, phone, gap, weather, red lamp) failed before the impact.

Worked scenarios

Scenario A — Two cars, airbags, passenger bleeding: Call 997 and traffic 911/993 immediately. Do not treat this as a Najm-only paperwork event.

Scenario B — Parking-lot bumper scrape, no injury, both cars driveable: Follow the damage documentation pathway (Najm process concepts: photos, app, data). Do not leave without required reporting steps.

Scenario C — You panic and drive home after a hit-and-run impulse: Wrong. Return is not a full cure for fleeing; the correct action was never to leave.

Scenario D — Friend urges you to “just pay cash and go” after a moderate city crash: Cash does not replace emergency calls when injury exists, nor does it replace required reporting frameworks for insurance and traffic records.

Scenario E — You have already stacked many points and “one more phone ticket” feels minor: Points accumulate toward 24 and license withdrawal. Minor attitudes create major license outcomes.

Linking Violations Back to Prevention Chapters

What the Theory Exam Is Really Testing Here

Not your ability to recite insurance marketing slogans—your ability to choose:

• 997 + traffic numbers for injuries.
• Najm-style documentation for damage-only handbook pathway.
• Stay and secure over flee.
• Points awareness (24 threshold; severe weights for DUI and major offenses).
• Refusal of phone distraction, impairment, racing/drifting, and red-light gambling.

Qualitative legal duties (without inventing fine tables)

This guide deliberately emphasizes duties and point concepts rather than memorizing every riyal fine band. Fines and administrative amounts can be updated in regulations tables; the ethical and procedural core is stable: obey traffic law, report crashes properly, protect the injured, and do not drive in ways that harvest points toward license loss.

Bottom line: Injury crashes → traffic 911 or 993 and Red Crescent 997, secure the scene, avoid worsening injuries. Damage-focused crashes → use the Najm reporting process concepts (photos, app, accurate data). Never flee. Understand that traffic points accumulate and 24 points means license withdrawal in the handbook system, with alcohol/drugs alone assigned 24 points and red-light violations a heavy 12. Refuse reckless driving, racing/drifting, phone use while driving, impairment, and signal violations. When impact still happens, the theory you studied becomes a life-saving checklist—not a certificate decoration.