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Question 1

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Which characteristic best defines a cloud-native application in the context of application modernization?

Monolithic codebase deployed to a single VM

Loosely coupled microservices packaged in containers and deployed declaratively

Mainframe application accessed through a web frontend

Stateful application with manual scaling and patching

to track

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: VCP-TKO 2024 Exam

Exam Questions

Broadcom 2V0-71.23 exam page

130 min

Exam Duration

Broadcom 2V0-71.23 exam page

300

Scaled Pass Score

VMware Certification scoring model

$250

Exam Fee (USD)

VMware certification pricing

8 sections

Objective Areas

Broadcom prep guide

Pearson VUE

Test Provider

VMware certification scheduling

The 2V0-71.23 exam has 63 questions in 130 minutes, requiring a scaled score of 300 to pass. It covers application modernization, Kubernetes platform/service administration, package management (Carvel, Helm, Tanzu Application Catalog), observability (Tanzu Observability/Wavefront), Harbor registry CVE scanning policies, Tanzu Kubernetes Grid lifecycle (Cluster API, TKR upgrades), and TKO security (Pod Security Admission, RBAC, NetworkPolicy, Cosign).

Sample VCP-TKO 2024 Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your VCP-TKO 2024 exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which characteristic best defines a cloud-native application in the context of application modernization?

A.Monolithic codebase deployed to a single VM

B.Loosely coupled microservices packaged in containers and deployed declaratively

C.Mainframe application accessed through a web frontend

D.Stateful application with manual scaling and patching

Explanation: Cloud-native applications are designed as loosely coupled microservices packaged in containers, deployed and managed declaratively (typically via Kubernetes manifests), and built for elastic scaling, automation, and resilience. The 12-factor app principles guide their design.

2Which Tanzu product provides a centralized control plane to manage Kubernetes clusters across multiple clouds and on-premises sites?

A.Tanzu Application Catalog

B.Tanzu Mission Control (TMC)

C.Tanzu Build Service

D.Tanzu Observability

Explanation: Tanzu Mission Control (TMC) is VMware's SaaS-based centralized management platform that lets administrators attach, provision, and govern Kubernetes clusters across vSphere, public clouds, and other Kubernetes distributions from a single control plane.

3In Tanzu Kubernetes Grid (TKG), what is the primary purpose of the management cluster?

A.To run application workloads with high availability

B.To host shared monitoring dashboards for all tenants

C.To bootstrap and lifecycle-manage workload clusters using Cluster API

D.To act as a private container registry for the organization

Explanation: The TKG management cluster runs Cluster API controllers that create, scale, upgrade, and delete workload clusters. Application workloads should not run on the management cluster — it is dedicated to lifecycle operations for the workload clusters it manages.

4Which Carvel tool is used to apply, view, and delete a set of Kubernetes resources as a single named application?

A.ytt

B.kbld

C.kapp

D.imgpkg

Explanation: kapp is the Carvel deployment tool that groups Kubernetes resources into a named application and tracks their state, enabling diff/apply/delete operations on the group as a unit. It uses labels to associate resources with an application.

5What is the role of Harbor in a Tanzu Kubernetes Operations environment?

A.A Kubernetes-native ingress controller

B.An open-source private container registry with vulnerability scanning and signing

C.A backup and restore tool for Kubernetes resources

D.A service mesh data plane proxy

Explanation: Harbor is an open-source CNCF-graduated private container registry that hosts OCI artifacts and provides image vulnerability scanning (typically with Trivy), content signing (Notary/Cosign), replication, and role-based access control to images.

6Which scanner is most commonly integrated with Harbor in Tanzu environments to perform CVE detection on container images?

A.Falco

B.Trivy

C.Sysdig Inspect

D.kube-bench

Explanation: Trivy is the default vulnerability scanner shipped with Harbor in Tanzu deployments. It scans OS packages and language-specific dependencies inside container images, mapping findings to CVE entries with severity ratings.

7An administrator wants Harbor to automatically prevent users from pulling images that contain critical CVEs. Which Harbor feature accomplishes this?

A.Repository quotas

B.Tag retention rules

C.Vulnerability prevention (deployment security policy)

D.Project-level webhook

Explanation: Harbor's vulnerability prevention policy lets a project admin block pulls of images whose scan severity meets or exceeds a configured threshold (e.g., Critical). When an image violates the policy, the registry refuses the pull.

8Which Kubernetes object is the smallest deployable unit and represents one or more containers sharing the same network namespace and storage volumes?

A.Deployment

B.Pod

C.ReplicaSet

D.StatefulSet

Explanation: A Pod is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes. Containers within a Pod share an IP address, port space, and mounted volumes. Higher-level objects such as Deployments and StatefulSets manage Pods.

9Which Kubernetes workload controller is best suited for stateless applications that need rolling updates and easy rollbacks?

A.DaemonSet

B.StatefulSet

C.Deployment

D.Job

Explanation: Deployments are designed for stateless applications. They manage ReplicaSets and provide declarative rolling updates, rollbacks, scaling, and pause/resume capabilities through their RollingUpdate strategy.

10Which Kubernetes object provides stable network identity and ordered deployment for applications such as databases?

A.Deployment

B.ReplicaSet

C.StatefulSet

D.DaemonSet

Explanation: StatefulSets give each Pod a stable, ordinal hostname (e.g., db-0, db-1) and stable persistent volumes. Pods are created and terminated in order, which is important for clustered databases and other stateful workloads.

About the VCP-TKO 2024 Exam

VMware Certified Professional - Tanzu for Kubernetes Operations 2024 v2 (2V0-71.23) validates skills for designing, deploying, and operating Kubernetes-based platforms with the Tanzu portfolio. The exam covers application modernization concepts, Kubernetes platform and service administration, package management with Carvel and Helm, observability with Tanzu Observability, Harbor registry scanning and CVE policies, Tanzu Mission Control governance, Tanzu Kubernetes Grid lifecycle, and TKO security practices including RBAC, Pod Security Admission, image signing, and network policy.

Questions

63 scored questions

Time Limit

130 minutes

Passing Score

300 (scaled, scoring scale 100-500)

Exam Fee

$250 USD (Broadcom (VMware) / Pearson VUE)

VCP-TKO 2024 Exam Content Outline

Est. 13%

Application Modernization Concepts

Cloud-native principles, 12-factor app, microservices, declarative configuration, CRDs, and the Operator pattern in Kubernetes.

Est. 13%

Application Package Management for Kubernetes

Helm v3 charts, Tanzu Application Catalog, Carvel toolchain (ytt, kbld, kapp, imgpkg, vendir), kapp-controller PackageRepositories and PackageInstalls, Tanzu Build Service with kpack and Cloud Native Buildpacks.

Est. 12%

Observability

Tanzu Observability (Wavefront / Aria Operations for Applications), Wavefront Collector, kube-state-metrics, Prometheus exposition format, distributed tracing, Fluent Bit log forwarding, alerts, and the RED method.

Est. 13%

Kubernetes Platform and Service Administration

Namespaces, ResourceQuota and LimitRange, scheduling (affinity, taints, tolerations, topology spread), CNI (Antrea, Calico), Contour ingress, StorageClass and CSI, vSphere with Tanzu (Supervisor Cluster, vSphere Pods), TKG management vs. workload clusters, NSX-T integration.

Est. 13%

Tanzu Kubernetes Operations Security

RBAC, Pod Security Admission (privileged/baseline/restricted), NetworkPolicy, Secrets and EncryptionConfiguration with KMS, Cosign image signing, validating admission webhooks (OPA Gatekeeper, Kyverno), cert-manager, ServiceAccount-based identity.

Est. 12%

Registry Scanning Policies and CVEs

Harbor private registry, Trivy CVE scanning, project-level vulnerability prevention policies, auto-scan on push, replication rules, robot accounts, CVSS v3 scoring, signed-image admission verification.

Est. 12%

Kubernetes Lifecycle Management

Tanzu Kubernetes Releases (TKRs), Cluster API immutable rolling upgrades, control-plane-first upgrade order, Cluster Autoscaler, Velero backup and restore with CSI snapshots, etcd snapshots, drain/cordon/uncordon, PodDisruptionBudget.

Est. 12%

Kubernetes Application Deployment

Deployments, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, Jobs/CronJobs, Services (ClusterIP/NodePort/LoadBalancer/Headless), Ingress and Contour HTTPProxy, ConfigMaps and Secrets, probes (liveness/readiness/startup), HPA, GitOps with Argo CD/Flux, server-side apply.

How to Pass the VCP-TKO 2024 Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 300 (scaled, scoring scale 100-500)
Exam length: 63 questions
Time limit: 130 minutes
Exam fee: $250 USD

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

VCP-TKO 2024 Study Tips from Top Performers

1Map each Tanzu product to its primary role: TKG (cluster provisioning via Cluster API), TMC (multi-cluster management and policy), Tanzu Observability (metrics/traces/alerts), Tanzu Application Catalog (signed OSS Helm charts), Tanzu Build Service (kpack source-to-image), and Harbor (private registry with Trivy CVE scanning).

2Memorize the Carvel toolchain by purpose: ytt templates YAML, kbld pins images to digests, kapp deploys and tracks an app, imgpkg packages config as OCI bundles, vendir vendors external sources, and kapp-controller reconciles Packages in-cluster.

3Know the three Pod Security Standards (privileged, baseline, restricted), how Pod Security Admission enforces them via namespace labels, and why PSA replaced PodSecurityPolicy in Kubernetes 1.25.

4Understand TKR upgrades: Cluster API rolls control plane nodes first, then workers, by replacing nodes with new images (immutable infrastructure). PodDisruptionBudgets and drain ordering protect availability during the roll.

5Practice Harbor's project-level controls: auto-scan on push, vulnerability prevention thresholds (e.g., block on Critical), replication rules, robot accounts, and how Cosign signatures plus an admission policy controller produce an end-to-end signed-image gate.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the 2V0-71.23 exam code and credential?

2V0-71.23 leads to the VMware Certified Professional - Tanzu for Kubernetes Operations 2024 v2 (VCP-TKO 2024) credential. The exam is delivered through Pearson VUE in a 130-minute window with 63 questions and a $250 USD list price.

What topics does the VCP-TKO 2V0-71.23 exam cover?

The exam covers application modernization concepts, Kubernetes application deployment, package management (Helm, Carvel, Tanzu Application Catalog, Tanzu Build Service), observability (Tanzu Observability/Wavefront), Kubernetes platform and service administration (Namespaces, scheduling, Contour, Antrea, vSphere with Tanzu), TKO security (RBAC, Pod Security Admission, NetworkPolicy, Cosign), Harbor registry scanning policies and CVEs, and Kubernetes lifecycle management with TKG (TKRs, Cluster API, Velero).

What is the 2V0-71.23 passing score?

VMware uses a scaled scoring model from 100 to 500 for VCP exams. A scaled score of 300 is required to pass 2V0-71.23. Question difficulty is calibrated, so the raw question count needed to pass is not fixed, and partial credit may apply on certain item types.

Are there prerequisites for the VCP-TKO 2024 v2 exam?

VMware recommends six to twelve months of hands-on Kubernetes and Tanzu Kubernetes Operations experience and completion of an official Tanzu training course. There are no formal certification prerequisites, but candidates need to demonstrate working knowledge of TKG, TMC, Tanzu Observability, Harbor, and Carvel/Helm packaging.

How long should I study for VCP-TKO 2V0-71.23?

Most candidates with prior Kubernetes operations experience need 60-100 hours of preparation over 6-10 weeks. Focus areas include TKG cluster lifecycle with Cluster API, Carvel tooling and kapp-controller packaging, Harbor vulnerability prevention policies, Pod Security Admission profiles, and Tanzu Observability metric/alert configuration.

How does VCP-TKO compare to VCP-DCV or CKA?

VCP-TKO 2024 v2 focuses specifically on operating Kubernetes platforms with the Tanzu portfolio (TKG, TMC, Harbor, Tanzu Observability). VCP-DCV (2V0-21.23) covers vSphere data center virtualization without Kubernetes. The CNCF CKA is vendor-neutral upstream Kubernetes administration. VCP-TKO is the right credential for engineers running Tanzu-based Kubernetes platforms in production.