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100+ Free Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 Practice Questions

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Not published as a pass rate. Statewide science proficiency ranged from 41% to 45% across Grades 5, 8 and 11 in 2024-2025 (Vermont AOE). Pass Rate
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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 Exam

Vermont Agency of Education (AOE)

State Administrator

Vermont AOE Assessment Framework

Free for Vermont public school students.

Exam Fee

Vermont State Policy

1750

Scale score marking Level 3 proficiency

VTCAP Score Interpretation Guide, Spring 2026

35 (adaptive, 64 points)

Operational items on the real test

VTCAP Test Specifications, Spring 2026

100 Practice Questions

Question Count

OpenExamPrep Practice Bank

Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)

State Standards

Vermont Science Standards

Spring Annually (March–May)

Testing Window

VTCAP Testing Calendar

Physical, Life, Earth/Space, Engineering

Assessment Domains

VTCAP Science Blueprint

Cognia Online Platform

Testing Platform

Vermont AOE Assessment Vendor

Master the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) for Vermont VTCAP Grade 5 Science with 100 practice questions covering matter properties, chemical reactions, gravitational forces, ecosystems, food webs, Earth systems, star patterns, and engineering design.

Sample Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1A student stirs 10 grams of white sugar into a glass of warm water. After one minute, the sugar can no longer be seen, but the water tastes sweet. Which statement best explains what happened to the sugar?
A.The sugar dissolved into particles too small to be seen, but it is still in the water.
B.The sugar was completely destroyed and turned into liquid water.
C.The sugar evaporated into the surrounding air as a gas.
D.The sugar reacted with the water and turned into a brand new solid substance.
Explanation: When sugar dissolves in water, it breaks down into individual molecules (particles) that are too small to see with the naked eye. However, matter is conserved, and the sugar remains dissolved in the liquid, as proven by the sweet taste and unchanged total mass.
2A student places an ice cube inside a sealed zip-top plastic bag and measures its mass on a balance. The total mass is 50 grams. After the ice cube completely melts into liquid water, what will the balance show?
A.Less than 50 grams because liquid is lighter than solid ice.
B.Exactly 50 grams because mass is conserved during a state change.
C.More than 50 grams because water expands as it melts.
D.0 grams because the ice dissolved into the plastic bag.
Explanation: Melting is a physical change of state. In a sealed system, no matter enters or leaves, so the total mass remains exactly 50 grams according to the principle of conservation of mass.
3A student wants to test four different objects to see which one is attracted to a magnet. Which object will be pulled toward the magnet?
A.A wooden craft stick
B.An aluminum soda can
C.A steel paperclip
D.A plastic drinking straw
Explanation: Steel contains iron, which is a ferromagnetic metal attracted to magnets. Wood, aluminum, and plastic are non-magnetic materials.
4A student builds a simple electric circuit with a battery and a light bulb. Which object placed between the wire ends will complete the circuit and cause the bulb to light up?
A.A copper wire
B.A rubber band
C.A plastic ruler
D.A wooden popsicle stick
Explanation: Copper is an electrical conductor that allows electric current to flow through the circuit. Rubber, plastic, and wood are electrical insulators.
5When baking soda powder is added to a beaker of vinegar, bubbles immediately begin to form and rise to the surface. What does the formation of gas bubbles indicate?
A.A chemical reaction took place and formed a new gas substance.
B.The baking soda melted into a liquid state.
C.The vinegar froze into a solid state.
D.The baking soda gained mass from the air.
Explanation: Gas production (fizzing/bubbling) when mixing a solid and liquid is key evidence of a chemical reaction, where original substances rearrange to form new substances like carbon dioxide gas.
6A student drops an apple while standing in a Vermont orchard. In which direction does Earth's gravitational force pull the falling apple?
A.Straight down, toward the center of Earth
B.Toward the North Pole
C.Toward the nearest tall tree
D.In the direction the wind is blowing
Explanation: Earth's gravity exerts a downward pull on all objects near its surface, directed straight toward Earth's center of mass.
7A rabbit eats clover leaves in a pasture, and later a red fox eats the rabbit. Where did the energy stored in the clover originally come from?
A.Sunlight captured during photosynthesis
B.Nutrients absorbed from deep underground soil
C.Rainwater that fell from clouds
D.Heat generated by the rabbit's body
Explanation: Plants capture energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich sugars (food). All energy in food webs ultimately traces back to the Sun.
8A student mixes 15 grams of table salt into 100 grams of pure water in a beaker. What is the total mass of the saltwater solution after the salt dissolves completely?
A.85 grams
B.100 grams
C.115 grams
D.130 grams
Explanation: Mass is conserved when substances dissolve. Total mass = mass of salt (15 g) + mass of water (100 g) = 115 grams.
9A student places a metal spoon and a wooden spoon into a bowl of hot soup. After two minutes, the handle of the metal spoon feels hot, but the wooden handle does not. Why?
A.Metal is a good conductor of heat, while wood is a poor heat conductor.
B.Metal generates its own heat when placed in liquids.
C.Wood absorbs all heat energy and destroys it.
D.Metal attracts cold air from the room into the soup.
Explanation: Metals conduct thermal energy quickly from the hot liquid up to the handle. Wood is a thermal insulator and transfers heat very slowly.
10A student weighs a deflated basketball on a digital balance and finds it has a mass of 570 grams. After pumping air into the ball until it is firm, the balance reads 578 grams. What does this experiment prove?
A.Air has mass and is made of matter.
B.Air has no mass and reduces object weight.
C.Pumping air changes the basketball from plastic to metal.
D.Air pressure destroys mass inside closed containers.
Explanation: Air is a gas composed of tiny gas particles that take up space and have mass. Adding air added 8 grams of mass to the ball.

About the Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 Exam

The Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Grade 5 Science assessment measures student proficiency in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) adopted by Vermont. Please note: This 100-question practice bank is an English-language multiple-choice question (MCQ) study adaptation created by OpenExamPrep to help 5th-grade students practice core Vermont science standards.

Assessment

The official VTCAP Grade 5 Science test is computer-adaptive and reports three indicators: Practices and Crosscutting Concepts in Physical Sciences (40% of points), Life Sciences (30%) and Earth and Space Sciences (30%). Items are grouped into phenomenon-based clusters, each aligned to at least two NGSS dimensions, and three are human-scored open responses. Engineering design (3-5-ETS1) items are assessed but reported inside whichever science domain matches the design problem's context rather than as a separate category. Our practice bank provides 100 multiple-choice items at easy (30%), medium (50%) and hard (20%) difficulty; it does not reproduce the adaptive engine, the multi-part cluster items, or the open-ended responses.

Time Limit

Untimed; scheduling estimate is two sessions totalling about 140-150 minutes

Passing Score

Not pass/fail. Grade 5 science scale score ranges are Level 1 (1500-1686), Level 2 (1687-1749), Level 3 (1750-1808) and Level 4 (1809-2000); 1750 and above (Level 3+) indicates grade-level proficiency.

Exam Fee

Free for Vermont public school students. (Vermont Agency of Education (AOE) in partnership with Cognia)

Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 Exam Content Outline

30%

Physical Science

Questions covering Grade 5 NGSS standards in physical science (matter, particles, gravity, energy).

30%

Life Science

Questions covering Grade 5 NGSS standards in life science (plant matter, food webs, ecosystem energy).

30%

Earth And Space Science

Questions covering Grade 5 NGSS standards in earth and space science (stars, sun-shadows, earth spheres, water distribution, human impact).

10%

Engineering Design

Questions covering 3-5-ETS1 engineering design standards (defining problems, testing prototypes, criteria/constraints).

How to Pass the Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Not pass/fail. Grade 5 science scale score ranges are Level 1 (1500-1686), Level 2 (1687-1749), Level 3 (1750-1808) and Level 4 (1809-2000); 1750 and above (Level 3+) indicates grade-level proficiency.
  • Assessment: The official VTCAP Grade 5 Science test is computer-adaptive and reports three indicators: Practices and Crosscutting Concepts in Physical Sciences (40% of points), Life Sciences (30%) and Earth and Space Sciences (30%). Items are grouped into phenomenon-based clusters, each aligned to at least two NGSS dimensions, and three are human-scored open responses. Engineering design (3-5-ETS1) items are assessed but reported inside whichever science domain matches the design problem's context rather than as a separate category. Our practice bank provides 100 multiple-choice items at easy (30%), medium (50%) and hard (20%) difficulty; it does not reproduce the adaptive engine, the multi-part cluster items, or the open-ended responses.
  • Time limit: Untimed; scheduling estimate is two sessions totalling about 140-150 minutes
  • Exam fee: Free for Vermont public school students.

Keys to Passing

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Vermont Comprehensive Assessment Program (VTCAP) Science Grade 5 Study Tips from Top Performers

1Review the conservation of matter: understand that total mass stays constant when substances dissolve, freeze, melt, or react in closed systems.
2Understand plant growth requirements: plants acquire materials for growth chiefly from air (carbon dioxide) and water, not soil mass.
3Trace energy and matter movement through food webs: producers capture solar energy, consumers eat organisms, and decomposers recycle nutrients.
4Examine Earth's four major systems (spheres): geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, and describe how they interact (e.g., rain causing soil erosion).
5Analyze shadow changes and star patterns: Earth's daily rotation causes shadows to change length/direction and stars to appear to move across the night sky.
6Apply engineering design steps: identify criteria and constraints, test multiple design prototypes, and choose solutions based on evidence.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the VTCAP Science Grade 5 assessment?

The VTCAP Grade 5 Science assessment is Vermont's annual state assessment administered to evaluate student mastery of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) across Physical, Life, Earth & Space Sciences, and Engineering Design.

What standards are tested on the Grade 5 VTCAP Science exam?

The test assesses 5th-grade NGSS standards including 5-PS1 (Matter & Its Interactions), 5-PS2 (Motion & Stability / Gravity), 5-PS3 (Energy), 5-LS1 (From Molecules to Organisms), 5-LS2 (Ecosystems), 5-ESS1 (Earth's Place in the Universe), 5-ESS2 (Earth's Systems), 5-ESS3 (Earth & Human Activity), and 3-5-ETS1 (Engineering Design).

How are VTCAP Science scores categorized?

On a 1500-2000 scale in four performance levels describing emerging (Level 1), partial (Level 2), satisfactory (Level 3) and thorough (Level 4) understanding of all three NGSS dimensions. For Grade 5 science, Level 3 begins at 1750 and Level 4 at 1809.

Is the Grade 5 science test limited to fifth-grade standards?

No. VTCAP science is a grade-band test: the Grade 5 assessment may draw on any of the NGSS performance expectations for grades 3, 4 and 5.

What languages is the VTCAP science test available in?

For the 2025-2026 testing cycle the VTCAP mathematics and science assessments are available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Spanish and Swahili as computer-based fixed-form translations, in addition to English. No other translated forms are offered.

Are these practice questions identical to the official VTCAP test?

No. This practice bank is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation created by OpenExamPrep to help students practice and review concepts aligned with Vermont NGSS frameworks.

How is the VTCAP Science Grade 5 exam administered?

The VTCAP Science assessment is administered online via the Cognia testing platform in school settings during the spring testing window.

Who must take the VTCAP Science Grade 5 test?

All Grade 5 students enrolled in Vermont public schools participate in the annual VTCAP Science assessment.