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UK Taxi and Private Hire Driver Knowledge Test

Practice Questions100 questions

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Knowledge of London Exam

320

Blue Book runs that form the core navigation syllabus of the exam

TfL

6,000

Points of interest (hotels, clubs, hospitals, squares) candidates must know

TfL

6 miles

Radius from Charing Cross that constitutes the All-London learning zone

TfL

60%

Minimum passing score required to pass the Stage 2 written test

TfL

3-4 years

Average study time required for candidates to pass all stages of the examination

TfL

The Knowledge of London is the world's most challenging taxi driver test. It requires candidates to memorize 320 runs and 6,000 points of interest within 6 miles of Charing Cross. The Stage 2 written test has 30 questions (5 runs, 25 points) to be completed in 1 hour. A score of 60% (18/30) is required to pass.

Sample Knowledge of London Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Knowledge of London exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What is the statutory center of London taxi regulations, from which the six-mile radius of 'The Knowledge' is measured?

A.Charing Cross (St Martin's Land/Eleanor Cross)

B.Piccadilly Circus (Eros Statue)

C.St. Paul's Cathedral

D.The Tower of London

Explanation: By law, the area of the 'All-London' taxi driver license covers a six-mile radius from Charing Cross (specifically measured from the statue of King Charles I, near the Eleanor Cross monument). This forms the standard boundary for learning the 320 runs and 6,000 points of interest.

2Under TfL regulations, what is the maximum compulsory hiring distance a taxi driver must accept for a journey starting in London (except from Heathrow Airport)?

A.6 miles

B.12 miles

C.15 miles

D.20 miles

Explanation: A licensed London taxi driver is legally required to accept any hiring up to 12 miles in distance (or up to one hour in duration) provided the destination is within Greater London, unless they have a reasonable excuse.

3What is the compulsory hiring distance a taxi driver must accept when taking a fare from the taxi ranks at Heathrow Airport?

A.12 miles

B.15 miles

C.20 miles

D.25 miles

Explanation: For journeys starting from Heathrow Airport, the compulsory hiring distance is extended to 20 miles (or one hour in duration) provided the destination is within Greater London.

4Which piece of legislation governs the requirement that London taxi drivers must carry registered assistance dogs without charging an extra fare?

A.The Equality Act 2010

B.The London Cab Act 1968

C.The Road Traffic Act 1988

D.The Hackney Carriage Act 1843

Explanation: The Equality Act 2010 legally obliges licensed taxi and PHV drivers to carry passengers with guide, hearing, or other registered assistance dogs at no extra charge, unless the driver holds a medical exemption certificate issued by TfL.

5Under TfL regulations, what must a taxi driver do if their in-cab card payment device becomes broken or unavailable?

A.Only accept cash and notify TfL at the end of the shift

B.Operate as normal but inform passengers before they board

C.The taxi is deemed unfit for service and cannot ply for hire

D.Charge a 5% surcharge to offset manual processing

Explanation: TfL regulations require all licensed black cabs to accept card and contactless payments. If the card reader fails, the taxi is legally deemed unfit for service and the driver must not ply for hire until the device is repaired or replaced.

6What is the standard maximum age limit for a licensed Hackney Carriage (black cab) in London, assuming it is not a zero-emission capable vehicle?

A.10 years

B.12 years

C.15 years

D.20 years

Explanation: The maximum age limit for a licensed taxi in London is 15 years, although TfL previously phased in tighter 12-year limits for older diesel cohorts to accelerate emissions reduction.

7What standard must all new taxis presented for licensing for the first time meet under TfL's environmental guidelines?

A.Euro 5 Diesel standard

B.Euro 6 Petrol standard

C.Zero Emission Capable (ZEC)

D.Hybrid Electric only (non-plug-in)

Explanation: Since 1 January 2018, all taxis presented for licensing for the first time in London must be Zero Emission Capable (ZEC). This requires a minimum 30-mile pure electric range and CO2 emissions of no more than 50g/km.

8Which of the following is a primary distinction between a licensed London taxi (Hackney Carriage) and a Private Hire Vehicle (PHV)?

A.Taxis must be booked through an operator; PHVs can be hailed on the street.

B.Taxis can ply for hire and be hailed on the street; PHVs must be pre-booked.

C.PHVs have no age limits; taxis have a 15-year limit.

D.Taxis are exempt from the Congestion Charge; PHVs are always charged.

Explanation: Licensed taxis have the exclusive right to ply for hire, be hailed in the street, or operate from taxi ranks. PHVs (such as minicabs or ride-hailing app vehicles) must be pre-booked through a licensed private hire operator.

9What is the penalty under London cab law for a private hire driver who accepts a passenger hailing them on the street without a booking?

A.A verbal warning from TfL inspectors

B.A £50 fixed penalty notice

C.It is a criminal offence (illegal plying for hire) and voids their insurance

D.No penalty, provided they log the trip immediately after

Explanation: Accepting a street hail without a pre-booking is a criminal offence known as 'plying for hire' for unlicensed vehicles/drivers. It violates the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998, invalidates the driver's insurance policy, and usually leads to license revocation.

10If a passenger leaves property in a London taxi, what is the driver legally required to do with it under TfL regulations?

A.Keep it in their home for 28 days waiting for a phone call

B.Report and hand it in to a police station or TfL's lost property office within 24 hours

C.Sell it immediately to cover unpaid fares

D.Donate it to charity if unclaimed after 48 hours

Explanation: Drivers must search their cab after every journey. Any found property must be reported and handed in to TfL's Lost Property Office or a police station as soon as possible, and in any event within 24 hours.

About the Knowledge of London Exam

The Transport for London (TfL) Knowledge of London (KoL) is the iconic taxi driver examination, testing a detailed spatial map of 320 Blue Book runs and 6,000 points of interest within a 6-mile radius of Charing Cross.

Questions

30 scored questions

Time Limit

1 hour

Passing Score

60%

Exam Fee

£225 (written test) (Transport for London (TfL))

Knowledge of London Exam Content Outline

17%

Blue Book Runs

Route sequences, turn restrictions, one-way systems, and junctions for the 320 standard runs.

83%

Points of Interest

Precise addresses, locations, and details of clubs, hotels, hospitals, stations, and other landmarks.

How to Pass the Knowledge of London Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 60%
Exam length: 30 questions
Time limit: 1 hour
Exam fee: £225 (written test)

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Knowledge of London Study Tips from Top Performers

1Get out on the streets: There is no substitute for physically riding the 320 Blue Book runs on a moped or bicycle to build spatial memory.

2Practice 'calling over': Regularly recite route descriptions out loud with a study partner to build the quick recall required for oral appearances.

3Focus on points of interest: The written test is heavily weighted toward points (25 out of 30 questions). Learn the exact street and relative location of every major landmark.

4Learn turn restrictions and one-way streets: Examiners will fail you if you suggest an illegal turn, enter a one-way street the wrong way, or route through pedestrianized zones.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the written test (Stage 2) format for the Knowledge of London?

The written exam is a 1-hour computer-based test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions. It includes 5 questions testing your knowledge of the 320 standard runs (where you must select the shortest legal route) and 25 questions testing your knowledge of points of interest along those runs. You must score at least 60% to pass.

How long does it take to learn the Knowledge of London?

On average, it takes 3 to 4 years of intensive study to master the Knowledge of London. Candidates usually spend 15-20 hours per week traveling the streets on mopeds or bicycles and reciting routes ('calling over') to commit the 320 runs and 6,000 points of interest to memory.

What are the stages of the Knowledge of London examination?

The examination is split into several stages: Stage 1 is the introductory pack and self-study; Stage 2 is the written assessment (multiple-choice test); Stage 3 consists of oral appearances at 56-day intervals; Stage 4 is appearances at 28-day intervals; and Stage 5 is the final appearances at 21-day intervals, followed by a pre-licensing talk.

What is the boundary for the Knowledge of London?

Taxis are licensed for either the entire London area ('All-London' green badge) or specific suburban sectors ('Suburban' yellow badge). The All-London green badge requires complete mastery of the area within a 6-mile radius of Charing Cross (the statutory center of London taxi regulations).