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Key Facts: CII M91 Exam

30 Credits

Diploma Credits

CII Qualification Framework

90 Mins

MCQ Exam Duration

CII M91 Syllabus

70%

Pass Mark

CII Examination Standard

CII M91 is a 30-credit unit towards the CII Diploma in Insurance covering aviation legal regimes (Montreal/Warsaw Conventions), aircraft hull & liability policies, airport/space risks, underwriting parameters, and claims handling. Note: These 100 practice MCQs are an English-language study adaptation for revision and do not substitute official coursework or sittings.

Sample CII M91 Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your CII M91 exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What is the primary objective of the Chicago Convention of 1944 in international civil aviation?

A.To establish the international legal principles governing civil aviation, airspace sovereignty, and the establishment of ICAO

B.To set uniform financial limits of liability for international airline passenger injury claims

C.To regulate global satellite launches and orbital space station operations

D.To mandate standardized hull war insurance policy forms across all commercial airlines

Explanation: The Chicago Convention of 1944 established the foundational framework for international civil aviation, including state sovereignty over airspace, international safety standards, and the creation of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Liability limits for passenger carriage are governed by the Warsaw/Montreal systems.

2Which international organization is responsible for adopting Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) governing global civil aviation safety and airworthiness?

A.International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

B.International Air Transport Association (IATA)

C.International Underwriting Association (IUA)

D.Lloyd's Market Association (LMA)

Explanation: ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that codifies Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) in 19 Annexes to the Chicago Convention to ensure global civil aviation safety, security, and airworthiness.

3Under the Montreal Convention 1999 (MC99), how is an air carrier's liability structured for passenger bodily injury or death?

A.A strict liability tier up to 128,821 SDRs regardless of fault, and an unlimited second tier based on fault where the carrier carries the burden of proof

B.A single capped limit of 100,000 SDRs per passenger with no carrier defense permitted

C.A fault-based system requiring the passenger to prove gross negligence for any recovery

D.An absolute liability cap of 250,000 SDRs beyond which no compensation can be claimed under any circumstances

Explanation: MC99 features a two-tiered liability regime for passenger death or bodily injury: Tier 1 establishes strict liability up to 128,821 SDRs (updated periodically by ICAO), while Tier 2 provides unlimited liability where the carrier can only escape liability above Tier 1 if it proves the damage was not due to its negligence or was solely due to a third party's fault.

4An airline damages a commercial cargo shipment weighing 250 kg during international transport subject to the Montreal Convention 1999 (MC99). Under MC99, the cargo liability limit is 22 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) per kilogram. Assuming an exchange rate of 1 SDR = £1.15, what is the maximum statutory liability limit of the carrier?

A.£6,325

B.£5,500

C.£2,875

D.£7,275

Explanation: Calculation: 250 kg × 22 SDR/kg = 5,500 SDRs. Converting to GBP at £1.15 per SDR: 5,500 SDRs × £1.15 = £6,325.

5When an international flight takes place between two states that have both ratified the Montreal Convention 1999 (MC99), what is the relationship between MC99 and the earlier Warsaw Convention 1929?

A.MC99 completely prevails over and supersedes the Warsaw Convention rules between the state parties

B.The Warsaw Convention continues to apply to baggage, while MC99 applies only to passenger bodily injury

C.The carrier can choose which convention applies based on the choice of law clause in the ticket

D.The Warsaw Convention applies unless the passenger pays a special declaration fee at check-in

Explanation: Under Article 55 of MC99, MC99 supersedes all instruments of the Warsaw System (including the 1929 Warsaw Convention and Hague Protocol) for international carriage between states that are both party to MC99.

6What is the maximum limit of carrier liability per passenger for checked and unchecked baggage destruction, loss, or delay under the Montreal Convention 1999 (MC99)?

A.1,288 SDRs

B.17 SDRs per kg

C.5,000 SDRs

D.128,821 SDRs

Explanation: Under MC99 (as periodically adjusted by ICAO), carrier liability for baggage destruction, loss, damage, or delay is capped at 1,288 SDRs per passenger, unless a special declaration of interest was made at check-in.

7What key legal issue was specifically addressed by the Guadalajara Supplementary Convention of 1961?

A.Extending Warsaw Convention rules and protections to the 'actual carrier' operating a flight when different from the 'contracting carrier'

B.Creating the international satellite registry for geostationary orbit slots

C.Establishing strict liability limits for surface damage caused by foreign aircraft

D.Mandating compulsory hull war coverage for wet-leased aircraft

Explanation: The Guadalajara Convention of 1961 supplemented the Warsaw Convention by clarifying how liability rules apply when carriage is performed by an 'actual carrier' (e.g. charter operator or code-share partner) other than the 'contracting carrier' named on the ticket.

8The Rome Convention of 1952 (and the modern General Risk Convention 2009) primarily governs international legal liability for which type of risk?

A.Damage caused by foreign aircraft to third parties on the surface of the Earth

B.Injury to passengers occurring inside airport terminal buildings

C.Loss or damage to cargo stored in customs bonded warehouses

D.Damage caused by space debris to active communications satellites

Explanation: The Rome Convention of 1952 (and its 2009 replacement conventions) specifically addresses foreign aircraft liability for physical injury or property damage caused to third parties on the ground (surface).

9Which statement correctly distinguishes the International Air Transport Association (IATA) from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)?

A.IATA is a commercial trade association of global airlines, whereas ICAO is a UN specialized intergovernmental agency

B.IATA sets binding international air law treaties, whereas ICAO issues voluntary airline ticketing standards

C.IATA licenses commercial pilots worldwide, whereas ICAO operates air traffic control towers

D.IATA is restricted to European operators, whereas ICAO is restricted to North American operators

Explanation: IATA is a private trade association representing the commercial airline industry (focusing on ticketing, clearinghouse, interline standards, and industry representation), while ICAO is a intergovernmental UN agency established by sovereign states under the Chicago Convention.

10In the London aviation insurance market placement process, what is the primary role of the 'Lead Underwriter'?

A.To negotiate policy terms, conditions, and premium rates with the broker and set the leader's share on the market slip

B.To act as the sole insurer accepting 100% of the risk without sharing with following syndicates

C.To issue flight certificates of airworthiness on behalf of the Civil Aviation Authority

D.To guarantee payment of all subrogated salvage claims directly to reinsurers

Explanation: The Lead Underwriter is the first underwriter who assesses the risk, agrees terms, conditions, and pricing with the aviation broker, and signs the slip. Following underwriters then agree to accept lines on the same terms set by the lead.

About the CII M91 Exam

The CII M91 unit assesses knowledge of international aviation legal frameworks (Chicago, Warsaw, Montreal Conventions), aircraft hull and liability insurance, airport and service provider liabilities (ARIEL wordings), space risks (satellite launch and in-orbit coverages), aviation underwriting principles, and claims settlement procedures. Disclosure: These 100 local multiple-choice questions serve as an English-language study adaptation for practice purposes and do not replace required official CII coursework assignments or formal exam sittings.

Assessment

Mixed assessment comprising 3 written coursework assignments and a 90-minute multiple-choice exam consisting of 50 MCQs.

Time Limit

90 minutes

Passing Score

70%

Exam Fee

£200 - £300 (Chartered Insurance Institute (CII))

CII M91 Exam Content Outline

25%

Aviation Market Structure & Legal Environment

Chicago Convention 1944, ICAO, IATA, Warsaw system, Montreal Convention 1999 (MC99), SDR liability limits, Rome Conventions, domestic UK carriage by air, and London market placement structures.

30%

Aircraft Hull & Liability Insurance

Standard hull wordings (AVN 1A/1B), agreed value, total vs constructive total loss, deductibles, AVN 48B war exclusions, AVN 52E war buy-backs, passenger liability, third-party liability (CSL), and AVN 67B lessor/mortgagee protection.

25%

Airport / Service Provider Liability & Space Risk

ARIEL airport liability (Section 1 premises, Section 2 products, Section 3 hangarkeepers), Outer Space Treaty 1967, 1972 Liability Convention, pre-launch, launch, in-orbit space risk, satellite total/partial loss triggers, and UK Space Industry Act 2018.

20%

Underwriting & Aviation Claims

Exposure rating, MTOW, fleet utilization, safety management systems (SMS), aviation excess of loss (XL) reinsurance, AAIB/NTSB accident investigations, salvage, subrogation, and claims handling protocols.

How to Pass the CII M91 Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 70%
Assessment: Mixed assessment comprising 3 written coursework assignments and a 90-minute multiple-choice exam consisting of 50 MCQs.
Time limit: 90 minutes
Exam fee: £200 - £300

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

CII M91 Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master the distinction between Tier 1 (strict liability up to 128,821 SDRs) and Tier 2 (unlimited fault-based liability) under the Montreal Convention 1999.

2Understand the mechanics of AVN 48B war exclusions and how AVN 52E and separate war policies write back war/terrorism risks.

3Memorize the three distinct sections of standard Airport Liability policies (Premises, Products, Hangarkeepers) and the bailment duties applying to hangarkeepers.

4Practice numerical calculations for SDR limit caps, lay-up returns under AVN 26A, satellite constructive total loss thresholds, and reinsurance retentions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the assessment format for CII M91?

CII M91 uses mixed assessment consisting of 3 written coursework assignments and a 90-minute computer-based multiple-choice exam (50 MCQs). A candidate must pass both components to earn the 30 Diploma credits.

What is the pass mark for the CII M91 MCQ exam?

The pass mark for the MCQ exam component is nominally 70% (35 out of 50 questions answered correctly).

Are these 100 practice questions an official CII exam paper?

No. These 100 local practice questions are an independent English-language study adaptation created for revision and self-assessment. They do not replace required official CII written coursework assignments or official exam sittings.

Does CII M91 include mathematical and numerical calculations?

Yes. Candidates are tested on quantitative calculations including Special Drawing Rights (SDR) liability limit conversions under MC99, Constructive Total Loss (CTL) thresholds, lay-up return premiums under AVN 26A, loss payee disbursements under AVN 67B, and Excess of Loss (XL) reinsurance recoveries.

100+ Free CII M91 Practice Questions

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