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Key Facts: NMT Biology Exam

Official Tasks

UCEQA 2026 subject guidance

120 min

Shared Stage

UCEQA 2026 NMT structure

7/46

Raw Conversion Threshold

2026 admission rules, Appendix 5

NMT Biology: 30 official computer-based tasks, maximum 46 raw points. Stage 2: History of Ukraine and the selected elective share 120 minutes. Candidates allocate time within the stage; there is no fixed 60-minute subject limit. Independent English-language four-option MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep. These selected-topic exercises are supplementary, not an official translation, an official-format simulation, or a substitute for the full range of official tasks.

Sample NMT Biology Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the NMT Biology exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which chemical components make up a single nucleotide monomer of a DNA molecule?

A.A nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

B.A nitrogenous base, a ribose pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

C.An amino acid, a deoxyribose pentose sugar, and a sulfate group

D.A nitrogenous base, a glycerol molecule, and three fatty acids

Explanation: Each DNA nucleotide consists of three covalently bonded components: a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine), a five-carbon pentose sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. In contrast, RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose.

2Which polysaccharide serves as the primary reserve carbohydrate stored in animal liver and muscle tissues, as well as in fungal cells?

A.Glycogen

B.Starch

C.Cellulose

D.Chitin

Explanation: Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose that serves as the major energy reserve polysaccharide in animals (primarily stored in hepatocytes and skeletal myocytes) and fungi. Starch serves as the main reserve in plants.

3Why do phospholipids form a spontaneous bilayer in aqueous solutions?

A.They are amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails

B.They are completely non-polar molecules that repel water molecules uniformly

C.They form covalent peptide bonds between adjacent phospholipid molecules in the membrane

D.They consist exclusively of hydrophilic carbohydrates attached to neutral triglycerides

Explanation: Phospholipids are amphipathic (amphiphilic) molecules. Their polar phosphate head groups are hydrophilic and interact favorably with surrounding aqueous intracellular and extracellular fluids, while their non-polar hydrocarbon fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and cluster together in the interior of the bilayer away from water.

4A peptide bond links which functional groups of adjacent amino acid residues in a polypeptide?

A.The alpha-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the alpha-amino group of the next amino acid

B.The hydroxyl group of a carbohydrate and the phosphate group of a nucleotide

C.Two sulfhydryl groups belonging to adjacent cysteine residues

D.The amino group of an amino acid and the nitrogenous base of a ribonucleotide

Explanation: The peptide linkage joins the carboxyl carbon of one amino acid residue to the amino nitrogen of the next. This bond forms the repeating backbone of a polypeptide; ribosomal synthesis uses amino acids activated on tRNA rather than directly condensing free amino acids.

5Which type of chemical interaction is primarily responsible for stabilizing the alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet secondary structures of proteins?

A.Hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone

B.Covalent peptide bonds between adjacent R-group side chains

C.Disulfide bonds between cysteine residues located far apart in the sequence

D.Ionic bonds between positively and negatively charged variable groups

Explanation: The secondary structure of proteins (such as alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets) is maintained by periodic hydrogen bonds formed between the carbonyl oxygen (C=O) of one peptide bond and the amino hydrogen (N-H) of another peptide bond along the polypeptide backbone.

6How do biological enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions within cells?

A.By lowering the activation energy barrier required for the reaction to proceed

B.By increasing the total free energy change (delta G) of the overall reaction

C.By increasing the temperature and kinetic energy of all molecules in the cytoplasm

D.By shifting the chemical equilibrium toward an irreversible single direction

Explanation: Enzymes act as biological catalysts by stabilizing the transition state and lowering the activation energy ($E_a$) necessary for a reaction to occur. They do not alter the overall free energy change ($\Delta G$) or change the final chemical equilibrium constant.

7If a double-stranded DNA sample contains 28% adenine, what percentage of its nitrogenous bases will be guanine according to Chargaff's rules?

A.22%

B.28%

C.44%

D.56%

Explanation: According to Chargaff's rules, the amount of adenine equals thymine ($A = T = 28\%$), making up $28\% + 28\% = 56\%$ of total bases. The remaining $100\% - 56\% = 44\%$ consists of guanine and cytosine in equal amounts ($G = C$). Therefore, guanine accounts for $44\% / 2 = 22\%$.

8Which statement is a central principle of modern cell theory?

A.All cells arise exclusively from pre-existing living cells through division

B.All living cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus and circular plasmids

C.Spontaneous generation occurs regularly in nutrient-rich broth solutions

D.Viruses represent the primitive ancestral evolutionary precursors of modern cells

Explanation: Cell theory states that new cells arise from pre-existing cells. This principle explains cellular continuity during growth and reproduction; it does not describe how the first cells originated.

9Which structural feature is present in prokaryotic bacterial cells but absent in human eukaryotic cells?

A.A circular DNA chromosome located in an unbound nucleoid region

B.Membrane-bound mitochondria specialized for cellular respiration

C.A nuclear envelope containing selective nuclear pore complexes

D.An extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes

Explanation: A typical bacterial chromosome occupies a nucleoid that has no surrounding nuclear envelope. Human nuclear chromosomes are enclosed in a nucleus; human mitochondrial DNA is circular but lies inside an organelle rather than a bacterial nucleoid.

10The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) maintains physiological electrochemical gradients by pumping ions across the animal plasma membrane. Which mechanism accurately describes its activity?

A.It consumes one ATP molecule to pump 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell against their concentration gradients

B.It passively diffuses 3 Na+ into the cell and 2 K+ out of the cell down their electrochemical gradients

C.It transports 2 Na+ and 3 K+ out of the cell simultaneously without requiring cellular energy

D.It hydrolyzes ATP to pump equal numbers of Na+ and K+ ions into the extracellular matrix

Explanation: The Na+/K+-ATPase is a primary active transport antiporter that hydrolyzes one molecule of ATP to pump 3 sodium ions ($Na^+$) out of the cell and 2 potassium ions ($K^+$) into the cell, both against their steep electrochemical concentration gradients, creating an electrogenic resting membrane potential.

About the NMT Biology Exam

NMT Biology is a selectable fourth subject of Ukraine’s National Multi-Subject Test for higher-education admission. Independent English-language four-option MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep. These selected-topic exercises are supplementary, not an official translation, an official-format simulation, or a substitute for the full range of official tasks.

Exam sponsor: Ukrainian Center for Educational Quality Assessment (УЦОЯО / UCEQA). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Computer-based subject component of Національний мультипредметний тест (НМТ / NMT). 24 single-choice tasks, 4 matching tasks, and 2 tasks selecting one answer in each of three groups.

Time Limit

Stage 2: History of Ukraine and the selected elective share 120 minutes. Candidates allocate time within the stage; there is no fixed 60-minute subject limit.

Passing Score

7 of 46 raw points is the minimum for a converted 100–200 result in 2026; it does not guarantee admission.

Exam / Certification Fees

Free participation; travel costs separate

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

UCEQA 2026 subject scope and task forms · Source checked 2026-10-23
UCEQA 2026 NMT structure and assessment languages · Source checked 2026-10-23
UCEQA 2026 candidate FAQ · Source checked 2026-10-23
2026 admission rules and score-conversion tables, Appendix 5 · Source checked 2026-10-23
UCEQA NMT participation procedure: no participation fee · Source checked 2026-10-23General participation procedure; the 2026 interview with the UCEQA director also discusses paid participation only as a possible future change.
UCEQA director interview, 19 May 2026 · Source checked 2026-10-23

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.