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Sample Concours ENDSS — Sage-femme Practice Questions
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1Where does fertilization normally occur in the human reproductive tract?
A.Cervical canal
B.Uterine cavity
C.Ampulla of the uterine tube
D.Ovarian follicle
Explanation: Fertilization usually takes place in the ampulla of the uterine, or fallopian, tube. The developing conceptus subsequently travels toward the uterus, where implantation normally occurs.
2Which hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is especially important in maintaining the secretory endometrium after ovulation?
A.Oxytocin
B.Follicle-stimulating hormone
C.Prolactin
D.Progesterone
Explanation: The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which supports the endometrium's secretory state. If the corpus luteum regresses without pregnancy, falling ovarian hormone levels contribute to menstruation.
3A trophoblast-derived hormone supports the corpus luteum in early pregnancy and is detected by standard urine pregnancy tests. Which hormone is it?
A.Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B.Human placental lactogen (hPL)
C.Pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH)
D.Ovarian inhibin B
Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin supports continued luteal progesterone secretion in early pregnancy. Urine pregnancy tests detect this hormone rather than directly measuring the embryo or progesterone.
4Which fetal vessel allows a portion of umbilical venous blood to reach the inferior vena cava while bypassing much of the liver?
A.Ductus arteriosus
B.Ductus venosus
C.Foramen ovale
D.Umbilical artery
Explanation: The ductus venosus provides a shunt from the umbilical venous circulation toward the inferior vena cava. This is distinct from the fetal shunts that bypass much of the pulmonary circulation.
5Which role is normally performed by amniotic fluid?
A.Replacing placental gas exchange
B.Carrying all maternal nutrients directly to fetal arteries
C.Cushioning the fetus and allowing movement
D.Producing the fetal red blood cells
Explanation: Amniotic fluid provides a protective environment that cushions the fetus and permits movement. Oxygen and nutrient exchange with the mother principally occur through the placenta.
6Which vessel arrangement is normally present in the human umbilical cord?
A.One artery and one vein
B.One artery and two veins
C.Two arteries and two veins
D.Two arteries and one vein
Explanation: The normal cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The arteries carry blood toward the placenta, whereas the vein carries blood toward the fetus.
7In a gestational-age arithmetic exercise, 28 completed weeks of amenorrhea (SA) correspond to how many elapsed days?
A.196 days
B.140 days
C.210 days
D.280 days
Explanation: There are seven days in a week, so 28 × 7 = 196 days. Weeks of amenorrhea use menstrual dating and should not be silently relabeled as days since fertilization.
8At which meiotic stage do human primary oocytes remain arrested for years before selected oocytes resume maturation?
A.Metaphase II
B.Prophase I
C.Anaphase I
D.Telophase II
Explanation: Primary oocytes enter meiosis before birth and arrest in prophase I. The later metaphase II arrest belongs to the secondary oocyte and is released in association with fertilization.
9During a normal pregnancy, plasma volume expands proportionally more than red-cell mass. What effect does this have on measured hemoglobin concentration?
A.It rises because the additional plasma contains hemoglobin
B.It stays fixed because red-cell mass also rises
C.It can fall through dilution despite an increase in total red-cell mass
D.It falls only if every newly produced red cell is destroyed
Explanation: Concentration depends on the amount of hemoglobin relative to the fluid volume containing it. Greater proportional plasma expansion therefore produces physiological hemodilution even while red-cell mass increases.
10When oxygen-dissociation curves are compared under the same conditions, fetal hemoglobin reaches 50% saturation at a lower oxygen partial pressure than adult hemoglobin. What does this indicate?
A.Lower oxygen affinity and a rightward curve shift
B.Unchanged affinity but necessarily more hemoglobin per milliliter
C.Lower oxygen affinity and a leftward curve shift
D.Higher oxygen affinity and a leftward curve shift
Explanation: Reaching the same fractional saturation at a lower oxygen pressure indicates greater oxygen affinity and a leftward curve shift. The greater affinity of fetal hemoglobin helps fetal blood take up oxygen across the placenta.
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