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Sample Sierra Leone Law School Entrance Exam Practice Questions
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1A shop displays a radio with a price tag. Under the ordinary common law rule for shop displays, how should the display be classified?
A.An offer accepted when a customer picks up the radio
B.An invitation for a customer to make an offer to buy
C.A unilateral offer accepted by entering the shop
D.An offer that the shop can revoke only by giving each customer notice
Explanation: An ordinary priced shop display is an invitation to treat. The customer normally makes the offer at the point of purchase, and the shop decides whether to accept it; displaying a price alone does not complete the bargain.
2A debtor pays part of an undisputed debt in cash on its due date. Considering the common law consideration rule in Foakes v Beer, and putting deeds and estoppel aside, what is the effect of the creditor's promise to forgive the balance?
A.The promise binds because receiving some money is always fresh consideration
B.A signed ordinary receipt makes fresh consideration unnecessary
C.Part payment alone does not provide consideration for the promise to forgive the balance
D.The debtor's existing duty to pay is extinguished by making any payment
Explanation: Under Foakes v Beer, part payment of a due, undisputed debt does not itself supply fresh consideration for a promise to release the rest. A deed, a separate consideration, or an applicable equitable doctrine may change the outcome, but none is assumed here.
3Two friends casually agree to share the cost of an informal dinner. What is the usual common law starting point when assessing their intention to create legal relations?
A.Every promise involving money is presumed legally binding
B.Social agreements are incapable of becoming contracts even with clear contrary evidence
C.A written record alone conclusively proves contractual intention
D.Social arrangements are ordinarily presumed not to create legal relations, but the circumstances may rebut that presumption
Explanation: The usual starting point for a social or domestic arrangement is a rebuttable presumption against legal intention. The court examines the circumstances objectively, so a serious financial arrangement may be enforceable where a casual social promise would not be.
4An offer permits acceptance by post, and neither its wording nor the circumstances displace the postal rule. When does a properly addressed acceptance normally become effective under that rule?
A.When it is properly posted
B.When the offeror reads it
C.When the offeree writes it but keeps it at home
D.When the offeror acknowledges receiving it
Explanation: Where the postal acceptance rule applies, acceptance takes effect on proper posting rather than receipt. The rule is an exception to ordinary communication requirements and can be displaced, for example by an offer requiring actual notice of acceptance.
5A contractual term is classified as innominate. Under the approach associated with Hongkong Fir Shipping, what principally determines whether its breach permits termination?
A.Whether the innocent party can prove any financial loss at all
B.Whether the consequences deprive the innocent party of substantially the whole contractual benefit
C.Whether the breach was deliberate, regardless of its consequences
D.Whether the term was written rather than implied
Explanation: For an innominate term, the consequences of the breach determine whether termination is available. A sufficiently serious deprivation of the contractual benefit may justify termination; a less serious breach normally supports damages without that right.
6A seller knowingly makes a false factual statement to induce a purchase, and the buyer relies on it. How is the representation classified under the common law test in Derry v Peek?
A.Innocent misrepresentation because the buyer could have investigated
B.Negligent misrepresentation because every false statement is merely careless
C.Fraudulent misrepresentation
D.Non-actionable opinion because it was made during negotiations
Explanation: A false representation made knowingly satisfies the dishonesty requirement for fraudulent misrepresentation. Derry v Peek also covers statements made without belief in their truth or recklessly as to truth; mere carelessness is a different issue.
7A supplier threatens to break an existing delivery contract unless the buyer signs a release of a valid claim. The buyer has no practical alternative and signs because of the threat. Which issue is most directly raised?
A.Frustration caused by an external event
B.Common mistake about the existence of the goods
C.An invitation to treat replacing the original contract
D.Economic duress affecting consent to the release
Explanation: Economic duress concerns illegitimate pressure that induces agreement where the victim has no reasonable practical alternative. A threat to breach an existing obligation can supply that pressure, although the full circumstances and any later affirmation of the agreement must still be assessed.
8A particular hall is hired for a concert but is accidentally destroyed before the event. Neither party is at fault, and the contract does not allocate this risk. Which doctrine most directly addresses the resulting impossibility?
A.Frustration of contract
B.Revocation of an unaccepted offer
C.Misrepresentation during negotiations
D.Discharge by completed performance
Explanation: Destruction of the essential venue illustrates frustration, as in Taylor v Caldwell. An event occurring without either party's fault can discharge future performance where it makes the agreed obligation impossible or radically different, subject to the contract's allocation of risk.
9A carrier is told when contracting that late delivery of a unique machine part will stop the customer's factory. What is the significance of that information under Hadley v Baxendale?
A.It guarantees recovery of every loss the customer later alleges
B.It may bring otherwise unusual shutdown losses within the parties' reasonable contemplation
C.It is irrelevant because contractual damages can cover only ordinary losses
D.It removes the customer's obligation to prove loss and causation
Explanation: Hadley v Baxendale permits recovery for ordinary losses and for special losses within the parties' reasonable contemplation when contracting. Notice of a factory shutdown risk may satisfy the second limb, but causation, proof of loss, and other limits still apply.
10A contract promises a benefit to a third person who is not a party. Applying the ordinary common law privity rule, and assuming no statutory or equitable exception, what follows?
A.The third person can enforce merely because the benefit is valuable
B.The third person becomes a contracting party by learning of the promise
C.The third person cannot enforce the promise simply because the contract benefits them
D.The contracting parties lose their own enforcement rights once a third person is named
Explanation: The ordinary privity rule limits enforcement to parties to the contract. A benefit intended for an outsider does not itself confer enforcement rights; applicable legislation, agency, assignment, or trust principles must be considered separately.
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