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Exam Review

Key Facts: Sweden YKB Exam

65

Total Questions

Trafikverket

60

Scored Questions

Trafikverket

48 of 60

Passing Score

Trafikverket

50 min

Time Limit

Trafikverket

420 SEK

Daytime Exam Fee

Trafikverket 2026

5 years

YKB Card Validity

Transportstyrelsen

35 hours

Periodic Training

Transportstyrelsen

56 days

Roadside Tacho History

Regulation (EU) 165/2014

The Swedish YKB theory exam consists of 65 multiple-choice questions in 50 minutes at Trafikverket Förarprov test centres. Candidates need 48 correct answers out of 60 scored questions (5 questions are unscored trial items). Fees for 2026 are 420 SEK daytime or 520 SEK evenings/weekends. Commercial drivers must hold a passed YKB test after completing mandatory training (grundutbildning) to operate freight or passenger transport professionally; certificates are valid for 5 years and renewed through 35 hours of periodic training.

Sample Sweden YKB Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Sweden YKB exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What is the primary operational advantage of driving a heavy commercial vehicle within the 'gröna fältet' (green band) indicated on the engine tachometer?
A.The transmission automatically locks the differential to prevent tyre slippage on wet asphalt.
B.The vehicle generates maximum horsepower at the highest possible turbocharger boost pressure.
C.The engine brake operates at its peak retarding capacity without requiring exhaust backpressure.
D.The engine produces its maximum torque while achieving the lowest specific fuel consumption.
Explanation: Operating within the green band (typically 1,000 to 1,400 rpm in modern heavy commercial diesel engines) ensures the engine works where it delivers maximum torque and lowest specific fuel consumption (g/kWh). This rational driving technique maximizes thermal efficiency and minimizes both fuel costs and exhaust emissions under Swedish eco-driving principles. Running at higher engine speeds increases internal friction and fuel consumption without delivering proportional pulling power.
2How is specific fuel consumption (specifik bränsleförbrukning) defined and measured in commercial vehicle diesel engines?
A.The fuel consumed per hour regardless of power output, measured in litres per hour (l/h).
B.The total volume of diesel required to travel 100 kilometres at a constant highway cruising speed.
C.The mass of fuel per unit of energy delivered, in grams per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh).
D.The proportion of unburned hydrocarbons expelled through the diesel particulate filter per engine cycle.
Explanation: Specific fuel consumption measures engine efficiency as the mass of fuel consumed to produce one unit of work, expressed in grams per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh). In modern heavy diesels, the lowest specific fuel consumption curve coincides with the engine's peak torque plateau in the green band. Understanding this metric allows professional drivers to select gears that keep the engine working in its most thermally efficient operating zone.
3A fully loaded heavy truck increases its road speed from 40 km/h to 80 km/h. According to the kinetic energy formula Ek = 1/2 m v^2, how does its kinetic energy change?
A.The kinetic energy quadruples.
B.The kinetic energy increases by 50%.
C.The kinetic energy doubles.
D.The kinetic energy increases eightfold.
Explanation: Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of velocity (v^2). When speed doubles from 40 km/h to 80 km/h (a factor of 2), the kinetic energy increases by 2^2 = 4 times. This fundamental physical principle directly dictates braking distance: doubling road speed quadruples the kinetic energy that must be absorbed and dissipated by the vehicle's braking system.
4Vehicle A is a 40-tonne articulated truck travelling at 80 km/h. Vehicle B is a 20-tonne rigid truck also travelling at 80 km/h. What is the mathematical relationship between the kinetic energy of Vehicle A and Vehicle B?
A.Vehicle A has four times the kinetic energy of Vehicle B.
B.Vehicle A has twice the kinetic energy of Vehicle B.
C.Both vehicles have identical kinetic energy because their velocity is the same.
D.Vehicle A has eight times the kinetic energy of Vehicle B due to trailer drag.
Explanation: In the kinetic energy equation Ek = 1/2 m v^2, kinetic energy is directly linear with mass (m) when velocity (v) is constant. Because Vehicle A has double the mass of Vehicle B (40 tonnes vs 20 tonnes) at the same speed of 80 km/h, Vehicle A possesses exactly twice as much kinetic energy. Consequently, Vehicle A's braking system must dissipate twice as much thermal energy to bring the combination to a stop.
5What is brake fade (fading) in a heavy vehicle and what is its primary cause?
A.Lost braking force because linings and drums or discs overheat in long, heavy braking.
B.A complete loss of compressed air pressure due to a ruptured service brake diaphragm.
C.The mechanical locking of the trailer wheels when the ABS system malfunctions on icy roads.
D.The gradual wear of tyre tread patterns resulting in reduced tyre-to-road friction.
Explanation: Brake fade (fading) occurs when wheel brakes overheat due to prolonged or repeated heavy friction braking, such as on long downhill descents. Excessive heat causes the friction coefficient between the brake pads/shoes and discs/drums to plummet, while outgassing forms a microscopic lubricating layer that prevents effective friction. Professional drivers avoid brake fade by engaging the engine brake or auxiliary retarder on downgrades.
6When driving a loaded 60-tonne truck combination down a long, steep mountain gradient in Sweden, which driving technique best prevents brake overheating and maintains safety?
A.Select a high gear, let the vehicle coast in neutral, and apply continuous firm pressure on the service footbrake.
B.Choose a low gear before the descent, use the retarder and engine brake, and save the service brakes.
C.Rely exclusively on the trailer hand control brake (stoppbroms) to prevent the combination from jackknifing.
D.Pump the service footbrake continuously at high engine rpm while keeping the retarder turned off.
Explanation: Selecting a low gear before descending allows engine compression braking to help hold back the vehicle. Engaging the hydraulic or electromagnetic retarder absorbs kinetic energy without wearing or heating the service brakes (färdbromsar), leaving the wheel brakes cold and fully effective if an emergency stop becomes necessary. Coasting in neutral or riding the service brakes leads directly to thermal brake fade and catastrophic runaway risk.
7How does a hydrodynamic retarder (hydraulisk retarder) decelerate a heavy truck without mechanical friction wear?
A.By clamping ceramic friction pads against the driveline propshaft using pneumatic pressure.
B.By closing an exhaust throttle valve in the manifold to build extreme cylinder compression pressure.
C.By reversing the rotational direction of the gearbox countershaft through an epicyclic planetary gearset.
D.Oil circulates between a driven rotor and a fixed stator, turning motion into heat in the coolant.
Explanation: A hydrodynamic retarder consists of a rotor attached to the vehicle driveline and a stationary stator inside an oil chamber. When engaged, oil is introduced between the vanes; the spinning rotor forces oil against the stationary stator, which resists rotation and slows the vehicle without any mechanical friction contact or wear. The kinetic energy is converted into fluid heat, which is transferred into the engine cooling system and dissipated through the vehicle radiator.
8According to European standard EN 12195-1 and Swedish regulations (TSFS 2017:25), how much of the cargo's total weight must load securing arrangements be capable of restraining in the forward direction?
A.At least 50% (0.5 g) of the cargo weight.
B.At least 100% (1.0 g) of the cargo weight.
C.At least 80% (0.8 g) of the cargo weight.
D.At least 30% (0.3 g) of the cargo weight.
Explanation: Under EN 12195-1 and Transportstyrelsen rules ('Att lasta rätt'), load securing arrangements must be able to withstand forces equal to 80% (0.8 g) of the cargo weight in the forward direction. This accounts for the maximum decelerative forces experienced during emergency braking. Backward and sideways forces are calculated at 50% (0.5 g) of cargo weight.
9Under Swedish load securing regulations and EN 12195-1, what minimum proportion of the cargo weight must the securing equipment withstand in the sideways and backward directions?
A.50% (0.5 g) sideways and 50% (0.5 g) backward.
B.20% (0.2 g) sideways and 50% (0.5 g) backward.
C.80% (0.8 g) sideways and 80% (0.8 g) backward.
D.70% (0.7 g) sideways and 30% (0.3 g) backward.
Explanation: European standard EN 12195-1 and Swedish Transport Agency regulations mandate that cargo securing must withstand at least 50% (0.5 g) of the cargo's weight in both the sideways (lateral) and backward (rearward) directions. Lateral forces occur during cornering and evasive maneuvers, while rearward forces occur during hard acceleration or when starting on steep inclines.
10A cargo consignment weighing 10,000 kg is loaded onto a dry wooden platform with a friction coefficient of mu = 0.3. The driver places certified anti-slip rubber mats underneath, raising the friction coefficient to mu = 0.6. How does this change the required securing force needed to prevent forward sliding?
A.Anti-slip mats only reduce sideways forces and have zero mathematical effect on forward sliding calculations.
B.The required lashing capacity doubles because high-friction mats increase the dynamic mass of the cargo.
C.No lashings are needed at all because anti-slip mats alone satisfy 100% of the forward securing requirement.
D.Friction resistance rises from about 3,000 kg to about 6,000 kg of the 8,000 kg forward requirement, so far fewer lashings are needed.
Explanation: Friction force equals normal force multiplied by friction coefficient (F = mu * m * g). For a 10,000 kg load, the 80% forward requirement is 8,000 kg (approx 80 kN). At mu = 0.3, friction contributes 3,000 kg, leaving 5,000 kg to be secured by lashings. Raising mu to 0.6 increases friction resistance to 6,000 kg, leaving only 2,000 kg to be secured by lashings. This drastically reduces the number of top-over lashings required.

About the Sweden YKB Exam

The Sweden Yrkeskompetensbevis (YKB) theory test is the official Driver Certificate of Professional Competence knowledge test administered by Trafikverket Förarprov under Lag (2007:1157) om yrkesförarkompetens, Transportstyrelsen regulations (TSFS 2020:29) and Directive (EU) 2022/2561, which replaced Directive 2003/59/EC. Required for commercial truck and bus drivers in Sweden, the test evaluates proficiency across three core areas: rational driving and vehicle mechanics, social rules and road transport regulations (including Regulation (EC) No 561/2006, Smart Tachograph version 2, and Working Time Law), and health, road safety, service, and logistics. Candidates take 65 multiple-choice questions in 50 minutes, requiring 48 points from the 60 scored questions to pass. The official test is taken in Swedish. Independent YKB practice by OpenExamPrep is an English-language multiple-choice study adaptation of the Swedish and EU syllabus, not an official translation or simulation.

Exam sponsor: Trafikverket Förarprov, with licensing oversight by Transportstyrelsen. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Computer-based theory test with 65 multiple-choice questions; 60 are scored and 5 are unscored trial questions. One answer option is correct per question.

Time Limit

50 minutes

Passing Score

48 of 60 scored questions

Exam / Certification Fees

420 SEK daytime; 520 SEK after 18:00 and weekends (Trafikverket 2026)

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Syllabus Area 1

Rational Driving Based on Safety Regulations

Engine mechanics, torque curves, green band driving, specific fuel consumption, kinetic energy physics, braking systems, retarders, and cargo securing calculations under EN 12195-1

Syllabus Area 2

Application of Regulations and Social Legislation

Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 driving and rest periods, Smart Tachograph version 2 operation, 56-day roadside inspection records, road-transport working time law (Lag 2005:395), cabotage rules, and CMR transport documents

Syllabus Area 3

Health, Road and Environmental Safety, Service, and Logistics

Ergonomics, lifting techniques, fatigue and sleep apnea awareness, preventing cargo crime and illegal immigration, vehicle fire safety, emergency response, and commercial logistics economics

Preparing for the Sweden YKB Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 48 of 60 scored questions
  • Assessment: Computer-based theory test with 65 multiple-choice questions; 60 are scored and 5 are unscored trial questions. One answer option is correct per question.
  • Time limit: 50 minutes
  • Exam / certification fees: 420 SEK daytime; 520 SEK after 18:00 and weekends (Trafikverket 2026) Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Sweden YKB: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master driving and rest rules under Regulation (EC) No 561/2006: 4.5 hours driving limit, 45-minute break (or 15 min then 30 min in strict order), 9 hours daily driving (10 hours twice weekly), and 56 hours weekly cap.
2Understand daily and weekly rest requirements: regular 11h daily rest (or 3h + 9h split), reduced 9h daily rest (max 3 times between weekly rests), 45h regular weekly rest (forbidden in cab), and 24h reduced weekly rest with required compensation.
3Learn Smart Tachograph version 2 functions: GNSS automatic border recording, the current day plus 56 previous days for roadside checks, manual entry procedures, and repair of a faulty tachograph as soon as circumstances permit.
4Memorize load securing physics: 80% cargo weight forward and 50% backward/sideways under EN 12195-1; know how friction coefficient µ and vertical lashing angles affect clamping force and required STF.
5Study rational driving mechanics: keep heavy vehicle engines in the green band (1,000-1,400 rpm) to maximize torque and minimize specific fuel consumption; use retarders on long downgrades to prevent service brake fade.
6Review road transport working time rules under Lag (2005:395): 48-hour average working week, 60-hour maximum single week, and 10-hour limit when performing night work between 01:00 and 05:00.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Sweden YKB theory exam?

The YKB knowledge test (Kunskapsprov för yrkeskompetensbevis) is the mandatory theory examination conducted by Trafikverket for drivers seeking a commercial Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) in Sweden for heavy trucks (goods transport) or buses (passenger transport).

How many questions are on the YKB test and what is the passing score?

The test contains 65 multiple-choice questions in total. Five of the questions are unscored developmental questions. You need at least 48 correct answers out of the 60 scored questions (80%) to pass.

How much time is allowed for the Swedish YKB test?

Candidates have 50 minutes to complete the computer-based examination at a Trafikverket test centre.

How much does the YKB theory test cost in 2026?

Trafikverket charges 420 SEK for a theory test scheduled during regular daytime hours, and 520 SEK for tests scheduled after 18:00 or on weekends.

How long is a YKB valid and how is it renewed?

A Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (YKB) card is valid for 5 years. It is renewed by completing 35 hours of periodic training (fortbildning), which may be split into sub-courses of at least 7 hours, without another theory test. Since 1 September 2026, up to 12 of the 35 hours may be taken as distance learning.

What are the prerequisites to take the YKB knowledge test?

Candidates must meet the relevant age requirements, hold or be in the process of acquiring a driving licence in category C1, C1E, C, CE, D1, D1E, D, or DE, and have completed an approved initial qualification course (grundutbildning) of 280 hours (or accelerated 140 hours if eligible).

Are these questions identical to the official Trafikverket test?

No. These are independent practice questions developed by OpenExamPrep based on official Swedish and EU syllabus objectives. Trafikverket does not publish its live question pool. The official test is taken in Swedish; this bank is an English-language multiple-choice study adaptation, not an official translation or simulation.