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Key Facts: Väktargrundutbildning Exam

128 Hours

Total lesson hours (88 in VU1 and 40 in VU2) under PMFS 2017:10

Polismyndigheten PMFS 2017:10 Bilaga 1

160 Hours

Minimum supervised practical training (PYT) between VU1 and VU2

PMFS 2017:10 7 kap. 1 §

Pass/Fail

A written test and a practical role-play test end both VU1 and VU2

PMFS 2017:10 Bilaga 1

RB 24:7

Statutory basis for a guard's arrest of a suspect (envarsgripande)

Rättegångsbalken (1942:740)

4 Years

Deadline for completing VU2, counted from the day VU1 began

PMFS 2017:10 7 kap. 1 §

990 SEK

Länsstyrelsen fee for an application to approve security-company personnel

Länsstyrelsen — Personal för bevakningsföretag

Väktargrundutbildning is Sweden's statutory guard training under PMFS 2017:10: VU1 (88 lesson hours), at least 160 hours of practical training and VU2 (40 lesson hours). Each part ends with a pass/fail written test and practical role-play, and guards also need personnel approval from Länsstyrelsen.

Sample Väktargrundutbildning Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Väktargrundutbildning exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which statute requires a company that professionally guards property or people for someone else to hold an authorization (auktorisation)?
A.Lag (2023:421) om ordningsvakter
B.Skyddslag (2010:305)
C.Lag (1974:191) om bevakningsföretag
D.Polislagen (1984:387)
Explanation: Under 1–2 §§ of Lag (1974:191) om bevakningsföretag, anyone who professionally undertakes to guard property, activities, persons or valuables in transport for someone else needs authorization (auktorisation) from Länsstyrelsen. Polismyndigheten's detailed rules for security companies and guards are in PMFS 2017:10 (FAP 573-1), issued under förordningen (1989:149) om bevakningsföretag.
2What best describes the legal basis for an ordinary security guard's (väktare) interventions, compared with an ordningsvakt?
A.A väktare has the same statutory powers as an ordningsvakt whenever wearing the uniform approved by Länsstyrelsen
B.A väktare has police powers on the client's premises, while an ordningsvakt's powers apply only in public places
C.A väktare relies on rights everyone has, such as envarsgripande, while an ordningsvakt is appointed by Polismyndigheten with some police-law powers
D.A väktare may remove disorderly people from an area under Polislagen 13 §, while an ordningsvakt may only observe, document and report to the police
Explanation: A väktare has no special public powers: interventions rest on rules that apply to everyone, such as envarsgripande under RB 24 kap. 7 § and the grounds for freedom from liability in BrB 24 kap., plus the client's instructions. An ordningsvakt is appointed (förordnad) by Polismyndigheten, and Polislagen 29 § applies certain police provisions, such as 13 § on removing a person, to ordningsvakter.
3Under Rättegångsbalken 24 kap. 7 § andra stycket, which condition about the offence must be met before anyone (envar) may arrest a person caught in the act?
A.The offence must be one that falls under public prosecution, whatever its penalty
B.The offence must be classified as gross (grovt)
C.The offence must have caused damage above a set value
D.Imprisonment (fängelse) must be a possible penalty for the offence
Explanation: RB 24 kap. 7 § andra stycket allows envar to arrest someone who has committed a crime 'på vilket fängelse kan följa' and is caught på bar gärning or på flyende fot. An offence punishable only by fines does not qualify. For example, ringa stöld (snatteri) can lead to imprisonment for up to six months and therefore qualifies.
4In the context of envarsgripande under RB 24 kap. 7 §, what does 'på bar gärning' mean?
A.The perpetrator is caught in the act or immediately afterwards, at or near the scene
B.The suspect admits the offence when the guard asks about it, even if the guard saw nothing
C.The guard has a strong suspicion from the person's behaviour, even before any offence has been completed
D.The offence is spotted later the same day on recorded CCTV footage and the person is then recognised
Explanation: 'På bar gärning' means the perpetrator is discovered while the offence is being committed or directly afterwards, before leaving the scene, so it is clear who committed it. 'På flyende fot' extends this to a perpetrator who is chased directly from the scene. Suspicion before any offence, or later identification from recordings, does not meet the requirement.
5A shoplifter runs out of a store and a väktare chases them without losing contact. Which arrest ground in RB 24 kap. 7 § does this pursuit relate to?
A.Efterlysning: the perpetrator is wanted for the offence by the police
B.Anhållande: a detention decision taken by a prosecutor on the spot
C.Häktning: a remand decision taken by a court after the arrest
D.På flyende fot: the perpetrator is pursued directly from the scene
Explanation: RB 24 kap. 7 § andra stycket allows envar to arrest a perpetrator found på bar gärning or på flyende fot. På flyende fot covers a perpetrator who flees the scene and is pursued directly and continuously. If contact is lost and the pursuit ends, this ground no longer applies and the matter should be left to the police.
6What must happen to a person arrested by a väktare under RB 24 kap. 7 § andra stycket?
A.The person may be held until the client has decided whether to report the incident to the police
B.The person must be handed over promptly (skyndsamt) to the nearest police officer
C.The person must be taken to the security company's office for questioning
D.The person may be released once they pay for the goods, with no record kept
Explanation: RB 24 kap. 7 § andra stycket states that the arrested person 'skall skyndsamt överlämnas till närmaste polisman', and PMFS 2017:10 10 kap. 3 § repeats this. If a guard nevertheless releases the person without contacting the police, the guard's written report must explain the considerations behind the release and why the police were not contacted.
7Under Rättegångsbalken 27 kap. 4 §, what may a väktare do with objects found when lawfully arresting a suspect?
A.Seize objects found during the arrest; the seizure must then be reported promptly for review
B.Nothing, because seizure (beslag) is a power that only police officers and prosecutors hold
C.Keep the objects on the client's premises until the client decides whether they should go to the police
D.Seize any property belonging to the suspect, including items found later at the suspect's home or car
Explanation: RB 27 kap. 4 § första stycket lets anyone who lawfully arrests (griper) a suspect seize objects found in connection with the arrest. When someone other than the investigation leader or prosecutor makes a seizure, it must be reported to them promptly so they can decide whether it should stand. PMFS 2017:10 10 kap. 2 § requires the guard's arrest report to state any seizure.
8Under Brottsbalken 24 kap. 1 §, which situation gives a right of self-defence (nödvärn)?
A.A person insulted the guard a few minutes ago and has now turned and walked away
B.A visitor refuses to show identification at the reception desk and argues loudly
C.A person photographs the building and its entrances from a public street
D.A criminal attack on a person or property has begun or is imminent
Explanation: BrB 24 kap. 1 § lists the situations that give a right of nödvärn. The first is 'ett påbörjat eller överhängande brottsligt angrepp på person eller egendom', an attack that has started or is imminent. An act in nödvärn is a crime only if it is manifestly unjustifiable (uppenbart oförsvarlig).
9At night a väktare finds a person who has broken into a locked warehouse. Which ground in BrB 24 kap. 1 § gives a right of nödvärn against that person?
A.The ground for anyone who refuses to leave any kind of premises, including a workplace, after being told to
B.The ground for anyone who obstructs a guard carrying out a task that the client has contracted for
C.The ground for someone who has unlawfully entered, or tries to enter, a room, house, yard or vessel
D.No ground applies, because nödvärn protects people and can never be used to protect property
Explanation: BrB 24 kap. 1 § point 3 gives a right of nödvärn against 'den som olovligen trängt in i eller försöker tränga in i rum, hus, gård eller fartyg'. A person who has broken into a warehouse falls under this ground. The refusal-to-leave ground (point 4) applies only to a dwelling (bostad), and every act in nödvärn is still judged on whether it was manifestly unjustifiable.
10A thief grabs goods and, when caught på bar gärning, uses force to stop the väktare from taking them back. Which nödvärn ground in BrB 24 kap. 1 § covers the guard's response?
A.The ground for someone who, by violence, threats or otherwise, prevents property being retaken på bar gärning
B.The ground for someone who refuses to leave a dwelling (bostad) after being told to do so
C.The ground for someone who has unlawfully forced their way into, or tries to enter, a room, house, yard or vessel
D.None, because once goods have been taken only the police may act to recover them from the thief
Explanation: BrB 24 kap. 1 § point 2 gives a right of nödvärn against 'den som med våld eller hot om våld eller på annat sätt hindrar att egendom återtas på bar gärning'. A guard who meets that resistance while retaking goods på bar gärning may defend that right, provided the response is not manifestly unjustifiable.

About the Väktargrundutbildning Exam

Väktargrundutbildning is Sweden's mandatory basic training for security guards (väktare), set by Polismyndigheten in PMFS 2017:10 (FAP 573-1) under lagen (1974:191) om bevakningsföretag. It consists of VU1 (88 lesson hours), at least 160 hours of supervised practical training (PYT) and VU2 (40 lesson hours), each part ending with a written test and a practical role-play test. The subjects include guard law (Rättegångsbalken, Brottsbalken, Polislagen), guarding practice and technology, conflict management and handcuffs, work environment and ethics, fire safety and first aid. Guards must also be approved by Länsstyrelsen before practical training and guard work. This page offers independent English-language MCQ practice for those subjects; it is not an official translation or format simulation.

Exam sponsor: Polismyndigheten (curriculum, PMFS 2017:10) / Länsstyrelsen (authorization of training companies and personnel approval). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Three stages in a fixed order: Väktargrundutbildning del 1 (VU1, 88 lesson hours, ending with a written and a practical test); praktisk yrkesträning (PYT), at least 160 supervised hours within an authorized security company, lasting at most four months; and del 2 (VU2, 40 lesson hours, ending with a written and a practical test). VU2 must be completed within four years of the day VU1 began.

Time Limit

4 lesson hours (45-minute lektionstimmar) are allocated to the written and practical test in VU1, and another 4 in VU2, within the 128-lesson-hour curriculum

Passing Score

Pass/fail (godkänt resultat): the candidate must pass both the written test and the practical role-play test in VU1 and in VU2. No numeric pass mark is published.

Exam / Certification Fees

Course fees are set by each training company (BYA lists VU2 at 1,000 SEK excluding VAT). Länsstyrelsen's personnel-approval application fee is 990 SEK.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

26 lesson hours; about 22% of the 120 subject hours

Guard Law and Statutory Powers

Envarsgripande (RB 24 kap. 7 §), LUL 35 §, seizure (RB 27 kap. 4 §), nödvärn and nöd (BrB 24 kap.), Polislagen 10, 19 and 29 §§, arrest reports and the justice system.

26 lesson hours; about 22% of the 120 subject hours

Guard Operations, Patrol, and Technology

Stationary and mobile guarding, entry and exit control, instructions, ID checks, report writing, alarm detectors, value cases, cameras and alarm centres.

32 lesson hours; about 27% of the 120 subject hours

Regulations, Professional Ethics, and Work Environment

Lagen om bevakningsföretag and PMFS 2017:10 (uniforms, ID, equipment, training), arbetsmiljölagen, ethics, discrimination law and drug awareness.

20 lesson hours; about 17% of the 120 subject hours

Conflict Management, Self-Defense, and Restraints

De-escalation, warning signs, safe distance, self-defence principles, medical risks of force, and the legal basis and safe use of handcuffs.

16 lesson hours; about 13% of the 120 subject hours

Fire Safety and Emergency Care

Fire triangle, fire classes and extinguishing agents, fire doors, rädda–varna–larma–släck, SX-ABCDE, CPR (HLR) and defibrillators.

Preparing for the Väktargrundutbildning Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Pass/fail (godkänt resultat): the candidate must pass both the written test and the practical role-play test in VU1 and in VU2. No numeric pass mark is published.
  • Assessment: Three stages in a fixed order: Väktargrundutbildning del 1 (VU1, 88 lesson hours, ending with a written and a practical test); praktisk yrkesträning (PYT), at least 160 supervised hours within an authorized security company, lasting at most four months; and del 2 (VU2, 40 lesson hours, ending with a written and a practical test). VU2 must be completed within four years of the day VU1 began.
  • Time limit: 4 lesson hours (45-minute lektionstimmar) are allocated to the written and practical test in VU1, and another 4 in VU2, within the 128-lesson-hour curriculum
  • Exam / certification fees: Course fees are set by each training company (BYA lists VU2 at 1,000 SEK excluding VAT). Länsstyrelsen's personnel-approval application fee is 990 SEK. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

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Väktargrundutbildning: Suggested Study Strategy

1Learn the conditions for envarsgripande under RB 24 kap. 7 §: imprisonment must be a possible penalty, the perpetrator must be caught på bar gärning or på flyende fot (or be wanted, efterlyst), and the arrested person must be handed promptly (skyndsamt) to the nearest police officer.
2Distinguish nödvärn (BrB 24 kap. 1 §) from nöd (24 kap. 4 §). Nödvärn covers set situations such as an ongoing or imminent criminal attack and is a crime only if manifestly unjustifiable; nöd covers danger to life, health or property and is a crime if unjustifiable.
3Know the PMFS 2017:10 rules on appearance: approved uniform, funktionsbeteckning at chest height on the left side, the company's name or logo, and an ID card that must be shown to anyone who asks (made to SS 614314 after six months' employment).
4Remember the limits on searches: a väktare has no general right to search people or bags. After a lawful arrest, Polislagen 29 § andra stycket allows only a safety search for weapons and dangerous objects under 19 § första stycket 1.
5For first aid, follow HLR-rådet's 2026 guidelines: SX-ABCDE (safety, extreme bleeding, then airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure), call 112 directly for an unconscious person and give CPR at 30:2.
6Remember fire classes and agents: class A (solids: water, foam, powder), B (liquids: foam, powder, CO2), C (gases: powder), F (cooking oils: wet chemical or fire blanket). Never use water on burning fat or on live electrical equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the official structure of Väktargrundutbildning in Sweden?

Under Polismyndigheten's PMFS 2017:10 (FAP 573-1), the basic training is done in a fixed order: Väktargrundutbildning del 1 (VU1, 88 lesson hours), praktisk yrkesträning (PYT, at least 160 supervised hours with an authorized security company, lasting at most four months) and Väktargrundutbildning del 2 (VU2, 40 lesson hours). VU1 and VU2 each end with a written test and a practical role-play test, and VU2 must be completed within four years of the day VU1 began.

What powers does a private security guard (väktare) have under Swedish law?

A väktare has no police powers. Interventions rest on rules that apply to everyone, chiefly envarsgripande under Rättegångsbalken 24 kap. 7 § and the grounds for freedom from liability in Brottsbalken 24 kap., such as nödvärn (1 §) and nöd (4 §). After a lawful arrest, Polislagen 29 § allows force against escape or resistance (10 § första stycket 2) and a safety search for weapons (19 § första stycket 1). Ordningsvakter are appointed by Polismyndigheten and have further powers under Polislagen and lagen (2023:421) om ordningsvakter.

What language is the official Väktargrundutbildning conducted in?

The training and tests are in Swedish. BYA requires at least grade E in Svenska 1 for VU1, and PMFS 2017:10 4 kap. 4 § requires good Swedish for personnel approval, including the ability to explain in speech and writing the legal considerations behind an intervention. This practice bank is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep, not an official translation.

How is the examination evaluated and what is the passing standard?

Results are pass/fail. Under PMFS 2017:10 Bilaga 1, a candidate must pass both a written test on the subjects taught and a practical test in which they resolve a constructed conflict situation in a role-play, at the end of VU1 and again at the end of VU2. No numeric pass mark is published.

What are the rules regarding handcuffs (handfängsel) for Swedish guards?

Under PMFS 2017:10 9 kap. 1 §, a väktare whose guarding can normally lead to deprivation of liberty must carry metal handcuffs of the type police use, once they have passed the subjects Konflikthantering och självskydd and Handfängsel. After an arrest under RB 24 kap. 7 §, häkteslagen 4 kap. 10 § första stycket applies: handcuffs may be used when necessary for security during movement or transport, or when the person is violent and it is absolutely necessary for someone's safety. The training also covers technique and medical risks.

Does this MCQ practice bank substitute for the official practical training?

No. The questions help with the law, procedures, safety rules and scenario judgment taught in the Swedish curriculum. They cannot certify physical skills, replace the role-play tests, or replace the mandatory 128 lesson hours and at least 160 hours of practical training.