PracticeVideosBlogFlashcardsEspañol
All Practice Exams

Free Practice Questions for Swedish Bar Exam

Exam-style questions and explanations by OpenExamPrep.

✓ No registration✓ No credit card
100+ Questions
100% Free

Loading practice questions...

Exam Review

Key Facts: Swedish Bar Exam Exam

3 years

Qualified legal practice required for admission to the Bar after the law degree

Stadgar för Sveriges advokatsamfund 3 §

3 courses

Compulsory residential courses (Delkurs 1, 2 and 3), taken in order, 2.5 days each

Advokatakademien

SEK 8,800

Advokatexamen examination fee in 2026, excluding VAT

Advokatakademien, Examination 2026

45 minutes

Writing time for the constitutional-law test of up to 10 multiple-choice questions

Advokatakademien, Examination i konstitutionell rätt 2025

30 minutes

Maximum length of the oral examination, after 30 minutes of preparation

Advokatsamfundet, riktlinjer för utbildning och examination

SEK 750

Administrative fee for each re-sit of the written constitutional-law test

Advokatakademien, Examination i konstitutionell rätt 2025

3 attempts

Oral examination attempts allowed before Delkurs 1–3 must be retaken

Advokatakademien, Examination 2026

Advokatexamen combines three compulsory residential courses, a 45-minute written test of up to 10 multiple-choice questions on constitutional law, and an oral examination of up to 30 minutes on a client problem. The 2026 examination fee is SEK 8,800 and each course SEK 15,700 (excl. VAT) for biträdande jurister. This bank's English questions are an independent study aid, not an official-format simulation.

Sample Swedish Bar Exam Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Swedish Bar Exam exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Chapter 8 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (Rättegångsbalken, RB), who is an 'advokat' in Sweden?
A.Anyone holding a Swedish law degree (juristexamen) who represents clients in court
B.Any lawyer who has worked for at least three years at a law firm (advokatbyrå)
C.Only a person who has been admitted as a member of Sveriges advokatsamfund
D.Any lawyer whom a district court has accepted as counsel (ombud) in a case
Explanation: RB 8 kap. 1 § provides that an advokat is a person who is a member of the Bar Association (Sveriges advokatsamfund). The title is protected: under RB 8 kap. 10 §, anyone who without authority claims to be an advokat authorised in Sweden (or in another EU/EEA state or Switzerland) is fined. Sweden has no general lawyer monopoly, so non-members may still give legal advice and act as counsel, but they may not use the title.
2According to Chapter 1 of the Swedish Bar Association's Code of Conduct (Vägledande regler om god advokatsed, VRGA), what is an advocate's foremost duty (främsta plikt)?
A.To show fidelity and loyalty to the client, within the bounds of applicable law and god advokatsed
B.To help the court reach the materially correct outcome, even where this works against the client
C.To weigh the client's interests equally against the public interest in keeping legal costs down
D.To carry out every client instruction, because the advocate acts purely as the client's agent
Explanation: VRGA chapter 1 states that an advocate's foremost duty is to show fidelity and loyalty (trohet och lojalitet) to the client and, as an independent adviser, to represent and safeguard the client's interests within the framework of applicable law and god advokatsed. The advocate must not let personal advantage, discomfort or other irrelevant considerations influence their actions.
3Under VRGA 2.2.1, what does an advocate's duty of professional secrecy (tystnadsplikt) cover?
A.Only written material that the client has expressly marked as confidential
B.Only information received after a formal engagement letter has been signed by both sides
C.Only information relating to matters that are pending before a court
D.What was entrusted to the advocate in the practice, or learned in connection with it
Explanation: VRGA 2.2.1 provides that an advocate has a duty of secrecy concerning what has been entrusted to the advocate within the framework of the practice (advokatverksamheten) or what the advocate has learned in connection with it. The commentary stresses that the practice is a wider frame than the individual engagement, so information the advocate asks a prospective client for can also be covered. RB 8 kap. 4 § gives the duty statutory footing where god advokatsed requires secrecy.
4How does the duty of discretion (diskretionsplikt) in VRGA 2.2.2 differ from the duty of secrecy (tystnadsplikt) in VRGA 2.2.1?
A.Diskretionsplikt applies only inside the law firm, so it ends once the information has left the office
B.It can cover non-secret information such as published judgments, and bars snooping in others' files
C.Diskretionsplikt replaces tystnadsplikt once a court has finally decided the client's matter
D.Diskretionsplikt binds only the firm's staff, while tystnadsplikt binds only the advocate personally
Explanation: Under VRGA 2.2.2, an advocate must observe discretion about clients' affairs and must not, without reason, look into matters at the firm that the advocate is not working on. The Bar board's commentary (2012) states that the duty is general, applying both inside and outside the firm, and that it can cover information not subject to secrecy, such as judgments, decisions, media articles and other public documents.
5According to VRGA chapter 1 and its commentary, from whom must a Swedish advocate stand free and independent?
A.From the state and other interests, and also from the client, so that advice is objectively best
B.From the state only, because independence from the client would conflict with loyalty
C.From courts and authorities only; commercial interests are for the client to judge
D.From other advocates only, which is why advocates may not practise in partnership
Explanation: The commentary to VRGA chapter 1 says an advocate must always stand free and independent: from the state, so that clients can be protected even against public power; from other interests; and also from the client, so that the advocate stays within the law and god advokatsed and gives the advice that is objectively best rather than the advice the client wants. VRGA 7.1 adds that the practice must be run so that independence is not jeopardised, for example by insolvency or by working for only one client.
6What does VRGA 2.6 (försäkringsskyldighet) require of an advocate regarding liability insurance?
A.Insurance is recommended but optional, because the Bar compensates clients from its own funds
B.Only advocates who hold client funds above a threshold set by the Bar must carry insurance
C.Liability insurance suited to the practice, kept in force by complying with the policy terms
D.The basic insurance included in the Bar's service fee always satisfies the rule on its own
Explanation: VRGA 2.6 obliges an advocate to have liability insurance adapted to the practice and to maintain the cover by observing the policy conditions, for example by notifying the insurer of a claim in time. All practising members are covered by a mandatory liability insurance and a mandatory fidelity (förmögenhetsbrott) insurance paid through the service fee, but the commentary warns that this basic cover is often not enough to be adapted to the practice, so additional insurance may be needed.
7A former client sues an advocate for damages and also files a disciplinary complaint. Under VRGA 2.2.1, how far may the advocate reveal confidential information to defend against these claims?
A.Not at all without the former client's written consent, since secrecy has no exceptions
B.Only to the extent necessary to defend against the client's complaints, and never further
C.Freely, because by suing, the client has waived secrecy for all purposes, including the press
D.Only before the Bar's disciplinary board, never in the civil damages proceedings
Explanation: VRGA 2.2.1 makes an exception to secrecy where disclosure is necessary for the advocate to defend against complaints (klander) from the client or to assert a justified fee claim for the engagement. The commentary stresses that the advocate may never reveal more than is necessary to protect their rights against the client, and notes that the exception can also apply toward the liability insurer. Separately, VRGA 8 provides that an advocate answering the Bar in a supervisory matter is not bound by secrecy.
8Under the Swedish Anti-Money Laundering Act (lag 2017:630), when is an advocate exempt from the duty to report suspicious activity to the Swedish Police Authority (Finanspolisen)?
A.Always, because the secrecy laid down in RB 8 kap. 4 § overrides every statutory reporting duty without any exception
B.Never; an advocate must report all suspicions, including those learned in defence work
C.Only where the county administrative board (länsstyrelsen) has granted an exemption
D.For what is entrusted in defending or representing a client in proceedings, or in assessing their legal position
Explanation: Advocates are covered by the AML Act for certain services such as property and company transactions (1 kap. 2 § 21 and 4 §). Under 4 kap. 8 §, advocates are not obliged to report what was entrusted to them when defending or representing a client in legal proceedings, including advice on starting or avoiding proceedings, or information obtained when assessing the client's legal situation. Outside those situations the reporting duty applies, and VRGA 3.4.2 point 4 then requires the advocate to withdraw after reporting a client to the police.
9What does VRGA 2.9 (upprätthållande av mänskliga rättigheter i advokatverksamheten) require of a Swedish advocate?
A.To decline to defend anyone who is charged with crimes involving human rights abuses
B.To report a client's human rights violations to the Equality Ombudsman (Diskrimineringsombudsmannen)
C.Nothing in practice, since human rights obligations are addressed only to the state
D.Not to give advice aimed at counteracting or circumventing ECHR rights, and otherwise to work to uphold human rights
Explanation: VRGA 2.9, in force since 15 June 2016, provides that an advocate may not give advice intended to counteract or circumvent the human rights and fundamental freedoms covered by the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (with its protocols), and should otherwise work to uphold human rights and freedoms in the practice.
10A client ends an engagement and asks for their documents back, but disputes the advocate's final invoice. What does VRGA 7.12.1 require?
A.Hand over the client's documents without delay; release may not depend on the client approving the fee
B.Keep the documents as security (retentionsrätt) until the disputed invoice has been paid in full
C.Release only copies and keep all originals for the ten-year archiving period
D.Destroy the file once the engagement ends unless the client pays an archiving fee
Explanation: Under VRGA 7.12.1, when an engagement ends the advocate must without delay hand over documents belonging to the client (unless the client asks the advocate to keep them and the advocate agrees), and may not require approval of the debited fee or of the advocate's accounting as a condition for release. Under 7.12.2 the advocate must separately archive the file, in original or copy, for ten years or longer if the matter requires; reasonable compensation may be charged for copying.

About the Swedish Bar Exam Exam

Advokatexamen is the Swedish Bar Association's compulsory examination for admission as a member of Sveriges advokatsamfund, which under Rättegångsbalken (1942:740) 8 kap. is what entitles a lawyer to the protected title advokat. Candidates complete three residential courses (Delkurs 1–3), pass a written multiple-choice test on constitutional law in Delkurs 3, and pass an oral examination in which they analyse a client problem under god advokatsed, the Vägledande regler om god advokatsed and the Bar's accounting rules. This is independent practice by OpenExamPrep: an English-language multiple-choice study adaptation of the tested rules and judgment, not an official translation or a simulation of the Swedish oral examination.

Exam sponsor: Sveriges advokatsamfund (Swedish Bar Association) / Advokatakademien. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Three compulsory residential courses of 2.5 days each, taken in order: Delkurs 1 (professional ethics and the advocate's role), Delkurs 2 (negotiation, court advocacy and media), and Delkurs 3 (constitutional law and the advocate's role in the rule of law, running a law firm, risk management and adviser liability). The written constitutional-law test is taken on the first day of Delkurs 3. The oral examination is held in Stockholm: the candidate gets a client problem, prepares for 30 minutes, presents the issues for about 15 minutes, and answers supplementary questions from an examiner (always an advocate) in the presence of a censor, for at most 30 minutes in total.

Time Limit

Written test 45 minutes; oral examination up to 30 minutes after 30 minutes' preparation

Passing Score

Godkänd (pass) on both the written and the oral examination; no numeric score

Exam / Certification Fees

SEK 8,800 examination fee (excl. VAT); SEK 15,700 per course for biträdande jurister (SEK 16,300 for others)

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Not published (oral examination)

Advocate's Role, Independence, and General Duties

Core duties under Rättegångsbalken 8 kap. and VRGA chapters 1–2 and 7: loyalty and independence, professional secrecy (tystnadsplikt) and discretion, competence, insurance, human rights, firm organisation, acquisition and discipline.

Not published (oral examination)

Conflicts of Interest and Withdrawal

VRGA chapter 3: conflict situations, the duty to check and inform, client consent, the contagion rule for colleagues, and mandatory and permitted withdrawal from engagements.

Not published (oral examination)

Fees, Client Funds, and Accounting

Reasonable fees (skäligt arvode) and quota and risk agreements under VRGA chapter 4, advances, legal aid and insurance financing, public defence compensation, and the Bar's accounting rules (bokföringsreglementet) for client funds.

Not published (oral examination)

Relations with Counterparties, Courts, and Defence Practice

VRGA chapters 5–6: improper measures, warnings before legal action, unrepresented and represented opponents, settlement offers, truthfulness and evidence before courts, witnesses, and defence counsel's duties under RB 21 kap.

Not published (written examination)

Constitutional Law and European Rights

The reading list for the written test: Regeringsformen chapters 1, 2, 8, 11 and 12, the ECHR (articles 1–14 and Protocol 7) and lag (1994:1219), the EU Charter, and förordningen (1995:1301) on damages claims against the state.

Preparing for the Swedish Bar Exam Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Godkänd (pass) on both the written and the oral examination; no numeric score
  • Assessment: Three compulsory residential courses of 2.5 days each, taken in order: Delkurs 1 (professional ethics and the advocate's role), Delkurs 2 (negotiation, court advocacy and media), and Delkurs 3 (constitutional law and the advocate's role in the rule of law, running a law firm, risk management and adviser liability). The written constitutional-law test is taken on the first day of Delkurs 3. The oral examination is held in Stockholm: the candidate gets a client problem, prepares for 30 minutes, presents the issues for about 15 minutes, and answers supplementary questions from an examiner (always an advocate) in the presence of a censor, for at most 30 minutes in total.
  • Time limit: Written test 45 minutes; oral examination up to 30 minutes after 30 minutes' preparation
  • Exam / certification fees: SEK 8,800 examination fee (excl. VAT); SEK 15,700 per course for biträdande jurister (SEK 16,300 for others) Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Swedish Bar Exam: Suggested Study Strategy

1Read the Vägledande regler om god advokatsed with its commentary, especially chapters 2 (secrecy and general duties), 3 (conflicts and withdrawal) and 4 (fees and accounting), and practise applying them to client scenarios.
2Learn the Bar's accounting rules (bokföringsreglementet) on client funds, which the oral examiners ask about alongside the client problem.
3Work through the Bar's published past oral examination questions and the sample questions for the constitutional-law test.
4For the written test, focus on Regeringsformen chapters 1, 2, 8, 11 and 12, the ECHR articles 1–14 and Protocol 7, and the EU Charter, and bring a clean printed statute book.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Advokatexamen?

Advokatexamen is the Swedish Bar Association's compulsory examination for admission to Sveriges advokatsamfund. Under Rättegångsbalken 8 kap. 1 §, only members of the Bar are advokater, so passing the examination is a step toward using the protected title.

How is Advokatexamen structured?

Candidates attend three compulsory residential courses of 2.5 days each, in order. On the first day of Delkurs 3 they sit a 45-minute written test of up to 10 multiple-choice questions on constitutional law, with only a printed statute book allowed. The oral examination, held in Stockholm, gives the candidate a client problem to prepare for 30 minutes, followed by up to 30 minutes before an examiner and a censor.

Who can take Advokatexamen, and what else is needed to become an advokat?

Anyone who has completed Delkurs 1–3 can book the oral examination; the courses are normally taken during the first years as a biträdande jurist. Admission to the Bar also requires a law degree qualifying for judicial office, at least three years of qualified legal practice, domicile in Sweden, the EU/EEA or Switzerland, and integrity and suitability as assessed by the Bar's board.

What are the official fees for Advokatexamen in 2026?

The examination fee is SEK 8,800 excluding VAT. Each of the three courses costs SEK 15,700 excluding VAT for biträdande jurister, or SEK 16,300 for others, including board and lodging. A re-sit of the written constitutional-law test costs an administrative fee of SEK 750.

Does this question bank simulate the official Swedish exam?

No. The official examination is conducted in Swedish, and its main part is an oral examination before an examiner and a censor. This bank is independent practice by OpenExamPrep: an English-language multiple-choice study adaptation of the rules and judgment the examination tests, not an official translation or a simulation of the oral examination.