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100+ Free SCA Green Coffee Practice Questions

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GrainPro bags and hermetic storage are used in specialty green coffee logistics. What is their primary advantage over standard jute sacks?

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to track
2026 Statistics

Key Facts: SCA Green Coffee Exam

100

FREE Practice Questions

OpenExamPrep SCA Green Coffee question bank

350 g

SCA Green Grading Sample Size

SCA Green Coffee Grading protocol

0 / ≤5

Specialty Grade Defects (Cat 1 / Cat 2)

SCA Green Coffee Grading protocol — Specialty threshold

≥80 pts

Specialty Grade Cup Score

SCA cupping form Specialty threshold

10-12%

SCA Green Coffee Moisture Target

SCA Green Coffee standard

40 pts

Total CSP Points (Green Coffee)

Foundation 5 + Intermediate 10 + Professional 25 toward 125-pt Diploma

The SCA Green Coffee module is a three-level CSP certification — Foundation (5 points), Intermediate (10 points), and Professional (25 points) — from the Specialty Coffee Association. Each level pairs a written MCQ exam with practical green grading and cupping assessment. Topics include species and varieties (~20%), processing methods (~20%), SCA green grading protocol and defects (~25%), farm cultivation and terroir (~15%), moisture and storage (~10%), trading and contracts (~5%), cupping and sensory (~5%), and sustainability (~5%). The SCA Specialty grade threshold: 0 Category 1 defects + ≤5 Category 2 defects in a 350 g sample + ≥80 SCA cupping points. Fees are ~$300-$1,200 per level depending on AST and region.

Sample SCA Green Coffee Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your SCA Green Coffee exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which two species account for the vast majority of commercially traded coffee worldwide?
A.Coffea liberica and Coffea excelsa
B.Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (robusta)
C.Coffea stenophylla and Coffea eugenioides
D.Coffea racemosa and Coffea arabica
Explanation: Coffea arabica (~60-65% of global production) and Coffea canephora — commonly called robusta (~35-40%) — dominate commercial coffee. Arabica is prized for complex flavor and lower caffeine (~1.2%); robusta has higher caffeine (~2.2%), stronger body, and greater disease resistance.
2Which of the following is a defining botanical characteristic of Coffea arabica compared to Coffea canephora?
A.Arabica is tetraploid (4n = 44 chromosomes) while robusta is diploid (2n = 22)
B.Arabica is diploid (2n = 22) while robusta is tetraploid (4n = 44)
C.Both species share identical chromosome counts of 2n = 22
D.Arabica is hexaploid and robusta is tetraploid
Explanation: Coffea arabica is tetraploid with 44 chromosomes (2n = 4x = 44), the result of a natural hybrid between C. canephora and C. eugenioides. Robusta (C. canephora) is diploid with 22 chromosomes. This polyploidy in arabica allows self-pollination and contributes to its genetic stability and complex flavor potential.
3Which coffee variety originated as a natural mutation on Bourbon Island (now Réunion) and is noted for its sweetness and yield compared to Typica?
A.Caturra
B.Geisha
C.Bourbon
D.Catuai
Explanation: Bourbon is a natural mutation of Typica that developed on Bourbon Island (now Réunion). It yields about 20-30% more fruit than Typica and is known for sweetness and balanced acidity. It spread across Latin America and forms the genetic basis of many modern commercial varieties.
4Geisha (Gesha) coffee is celebrated for its cup profile. Which origin did the variety first gain international specialty fame from, specifically at the 2004 Best of Panama auction?
A.Ethiopia, Yirgacheffe region
B.Panama, Hacienda La Esmeralda
C.Colombia, Huila department
D.Kenya, Nyeri region
Explanation: Geisha/Gesha variety became internationally renowned when Hacienda La Esmeralda in Boquete, Panama won the Best of Panama competition in 2004 and set record auction prices. Its distinctive jasmine, bergamot, and peach-tea cup profile shocked the specialty coffee world and triggered global demand for Geisha at extreme altitudes.
5SL28 and SL34 are prized Kenyan varieties. What does 'SL' stand for and what institution selected these varieties?
A.Scott Laboratories — selected by Scott Agricultural Laboratories in Kenya
B.Single-Line — denoting pure inbred lines
C.Specialty Level — an SCA grading designation
D.Soil Line — referring to the root system depth
Explanation: SL28 and SL34 were selected by Scott Agricultural Laboratories (now the Coffee Research Institute) in Kenya during the 1930s-1940s. SL28 is descended from Tanganyika Drought-Resistant stock and delivers blackcurrant and citrus notes; SL34 shows French Mission/Bourbon heritage with similar bright acidity and full body.
6Catuai is a widely grown Latin American variety. Which two parent varieties were crossed to create Catuai?
A.Typica × Bourbon
B.Caturra × Mundo Novo
C.Geisha × Caturra
D.Bourbon × SL28
Explanation: Catuai was developed by Brazilian researchers at the Instituto Agronômico in Campinas by crossing Caturra (compact plant from Bourbon) with Mundo Novo (tall, productive Typica × Bourbon hybrid). Catuai is compact, high-yielding, and wind-resistant, and exists in yellow and red fruit color variants.
7What is a F1 hybrid in the context of coffee varieties, and why are they significant for specialty production?
A.A natural mutation selected for disease resistance; propagated by seed
B.The first-generation offspring of two distinct inbred parent lines, exhibiting hybrid vigor and potentially superior yield and cup quality
C.A robusta-arabica interspecific cross used exclusively for instant coffee
D.A grafted plant where a disease-resistant rootstock carries a premium-variety scion
Explanation: F1 hybrids are the first filial generation offspring of two genetically distinct inbred parent lines, exhibiting heterosis (hybrid vigor): improved yield, disease resistance, and sometimes enhanced cup quality. Examples include Centroamericano and Starmaya. Because seeds do not reliably reproduce the parent traits, F1 hybrids must be propagated vegetatively or through controlled crosses, raising production costs.
8Coffee plants thrive in the Bean Belt. What latitudinal range defines the Bean Belt?
A.0° to 10° North and South of the equator
B.10° to 25° North and South of the equator
C.25° to 40° North and South of the equator
D.40° to 60° North and South of the equator
Explanation: The Bean Belt (Coffee Belt) spans approximately 10°-25° North and South of the equator, covering tropical and subtropical regions in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. This zone provides the right combination of temperature (15-25°C), rainfall, altitude, and seasonal variation that coffea species require for optimal cherry development.
9How does altitude primarily influence the cup quality of arabica coffee?
A.Higher altitude increases UV radiation, which accelerates chlorophyll breakdown and produces darker beans
B.Higher altitude creates cooler temperatures, slowing cherry maturation and concentrating sugars and organic acids in the bean
C.Higher altitude reduces rainfall, forcing roots deeper and increasing oil content uniformly
D.Higher altitude increases atmospheric pressure, speeding fermentation during processing
Explanation: At higher altitudes, cooler temperatures slow the coffee cherry's maturation cycle, allowing more time for the plant to accumulate sugars, organic acids, and complex flavor precursors in the seed. This results in denser, harder beans with greater aromatic complexity — hence grading systems like SHB (Strictly Hard Bean, >1,200 m) and SHG (Strictly High Grown).
10What is terroir in the context of green coffee, and which factors does it typically encompass?
A.The standardized grading protocol used at origin to assess moisture and defects
B.The combined influence of soil composition, altitude, microclimate, rainfall, and farming practices on a coffee's sensory character
C.A French regulatory term referring exclusively to appellation-controlled wine regions applied metaphorically
D.The genetic profile of a coffee variety regardless of environmental conditions
Explanation: In specialty coffee, terroir refers to the sum of environmental and agricultural factors — soil mineral composition, altitude, temperature range, rainfall distribution, shade management, and farming practices — that imprint a unique sensory character on coffee from a specific place. Ethiopian Yirgacheffe, Kenyan Nyeri, and Guatemalan Huehuetenango are examples where terroir drives distinctive cup profiles.

About the SCA Green Coffee Exam

The SCA Green Coffee module is a three-level progressive certification (Foundation 5 points, Intermediate 10 points, Professional 25 points) within the SCA Coffee Skills Program (CSP). Each level combines a written multiple-choice examination with practical green grading and sensory assessment scored by an Authorized SCA Trainer. Content spans coffee species and varieties (arabica tetraploid vs robusta diploid; Typica, Bourbon, Caturra, Catuai, Geisha, SL28/SL34, Timor Hybrid, F1 hybrids), farm cultivation and terroir (altitude, shade, selective picking), all processing methods (washed, natural, honey, wet-hulled/Giling Basah, anaerobic/carbonic maceration), the SCA Green Coffee Grading protocol (350 g sample; Category 1 and 2 defects and full defect equivalents; Specialty grade thresholds: 0 Cat 1 defects, ≤5 Cat 2 defects, ≥80 SCA points), moisture (10-12%) and water activity (Aw ≤0.70), green coffee storage and packaging (GrainPro vs jute), trading and contracts (C-price, differentials, FOB/CIF Incoterms, ICO, SCA/GCA contract), sustainability (Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance, organic, direct trade, traceability), and cupping and sensory evaluation for sourcing decisions.

Questions

100 scored questions

Time Limit

Foundation 1 day; Intermediate 2-3 days; Professional 3-5 days

Passing Score

Criterion-referenced — written MCQ pass mark per level plus AST-scored practical green grading and cupping demonstration

Exam Fee

~$300-$1,200 per level depending on AST and region (SCA 2026 — verify current schedule with your AST) (Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) — delivered by Authorized SCA Trainers (ASTs))

SCA Green Coffee Exam Content Outline

~25%

Green Grading Protocol & Defects

SCA Green Coffee Grading: 350 g sample. Category 1 (primary) defects: full black (1=1 defect), full sour (1=1), dried cherry/pod (1=1), fungus-damaged (1=1), foreign matter (1=1), severe insect damage (5=1). Category 2 (secondary): parchment, husk, broken/chipped, light insect damage (10=1), immature/unripe (5=1), floaters, withered, shells/elephant ears, partial black, partial sour. Specialty grade thresholds: 0 Cat 1 + ≤5 Cat 2 defects + ≥80 SCA cup points. Screen size (64ths of an inch). Color (blue-green = fresh). Odor. Bean density, SHB/SHG. Quakers (post-roast evaluation). Gravity table, optical sorter, dry-milling quality control.

~20%

Species & Varieties

Coffea arabica (tetraploid 44 chromosomes, self-pollinating), Coffea canephora/robusta (diploid 22 chromosomes, higher caffeine ~2.2%), Coffea liberica (Philippines/Malaysia, jackfruit-like). Key arabica varieties: Typica (genetic foundation, lower yield), Bourbon (red/yellow, sweeter, 20-30% more yield than Typica), Caturra (dwarf Bourbon mutation), Catuai (Caturra × Mundo Novo), Geisha/Gesha (Panama 2004, jasmine/bergamot), SL28/SL34 (Kenya, Scott Laboratories), Timor Hybrid (arabica × robusta, rust resistance, parent of Catimor/Sarchimor), F1 hybrids (Centroamericano, Starmaya, hybrid vigor).

~20%

Processing Methods

Washed: depulp → ferment 12-36 hrs → wash → raise-bed dry; clean, bright, transparent cup. Natural: dry whole cherry; heavy body, fruit-forward sweetness (blueberry, strawberry, wine). Honey/pulped natural: depulp, retain mucilage (yellow/red/black honey spectrum); body and sweetness between washed and natural. Wet-hulled (Giling Basah, Indonesia): hull at 20-50% moisture, blue-green color, heavy-body/earthy/low-acid cup. Anaerobic/carbonic maceration: sealed tank CO₂ fermentation, intense fruit-forward flavors. Raised beds vs patio drying. Cherry anatomy and mucilage role.

~15%

Farm Cultivation & Terroir

Bean Belt (10-25° N/S equator). Altitude and density: higher altitude = cooler temperatures = slower cherry maturation = denser beans (SHB/SHG >1,200 m). Terroir: soil, microclimate, altitude, rainfall, farming practices. Shade growing (Bird-Friendly, Rainforest Alliance canopy standards). Selective hand picking vs strip picking (quality tradeoff). Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix): devastating arabica pathogen, 2012-13 Central America epidemic. Peaberry: single-seed cherry, premium sorting.

~10%

Moisture & Storage

SCA moisture target: 10-12% for green coffee storage. Water activity (Aw) ≤0.70 prevents mold and mycotoxins (ochratoxin A). Past crop: extended storage causes yellowing, baggy/papery cup. Baggy defect: jute sacks + humidity + time → burlap, musty taints. GrainPro and hermetic bags: airtight, prevent moisture migration and contamination vs breathable jute. Warehouse RH 50-70%; avoid temperature fluctuations causing condensation.

~5%

Trading & Contracts

C-price: arabica ICE New York futures benchmark, U.S. cents/lb. Differentials: premium (+) or discount (−) added to C-price for specific origin/grade/quality. Incoterms: FOB (risk transfers at vessel loading, origin port), CIF (seller pays freight/insurance to destination port, risk still transfers at origin loading). Spot vs futures contracts. ICO: intergovernmental statistics and promotion body. SCA/GCA Green Coffee Contract: standardized physical trade template. Cup of Excellence (≥87 SCA pts, online auction). Pre-financing: buyer advances to producers for working capital.

~5%

Cupping & Sensory Evaluation

SCA cupping protocol: ~8.25 g per 150 mL, 93°C, 4-min steep, break and skim 8-12 min. Specialty cup threshold ≥80 SCA points (80-84.99=Very Good, 85-89.99=Excellent, 90+=Outstanding). Cupping attributes: clean cup, acidity, body, flavor, aftertaste, balance, uniformity, sweetness, defects, overall. Q Grader (CQI): advanced arabica cupping certification. Cupping for sourcing decisions vs barista dialing-in context.

~5%

Sustainability & Traceability

Fairtrade: minimum price floor + social premium; cooperative-focused; audited by Fairtrade International. Rainforest Alliance: ecosystem, biodiversity, worker welfare; merged with UTZ 2020. Organic: no synthetic inputs; does not guarantee cup quality. Direct trade: roaster-to-farm bilateral relationships, negotiated premiums, no third-party audit. Traceability: farm/coop/washing station provenance through supply chain. Specialty Coffee Transaction Guide: voluntary pricing transparency. Pre-financing: working capital advances to producers.

How to Pass the SCA Green Coffee Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Criterion-referenced — written MCQ pass mark per level plus AST-scored practical green grading and cupping demonstration
  • Exam length: 100 questions
  • Time limit: Foundation 1 day; Intermediate 2-3 days; Professional 3-5 days
  • Exam fee: ~$300-$1,200 per level depending on AST and region (SCA 2026 — verify current schedule with your AST)

Keys to Passing

  • Complete 500+ practice questions
  • Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
  • Focus on highest-weighted sections
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

SCA Green Coffee Study Tips from Top Performers

1Memorize the SCA green grading numbers precisely: 350 g sample size, 0 Category 1 defects allowed, ≤5 Category 2 defects for Specialty, ≥80 SCA cup points for Specialty grade. The full defect equivalencies are: full black = 1, full sour = 1, dried cherry = 1, fungus = 1, foreign matter = 1, severe insect damage (5 beans = 1), immature beans (5 beans = 1), light insect damage (10 beans = 1). Partial black and partial sour are Category 2; full black and full sour are Category 1.
2For processing methods, anchor each to its defining cup profile: washed = clean, bright, transparent (mucilage fully removed); natural = heavy body, fruit-forward sweetness (whole cherry dried); honey = intermediate body and sweetness (depulped but mucilage retained during drying); wet-hulled/Giling Basah = earthy, heavy body, low acidity (hulled at 20-50% moisture, Indonesia). Anaerobic = sealed CO₂ tank, intense fruity/wine-like flavors. These cup profiles reflect mucilage's sugar-fermentation contribution.
3Arabica varieties to know cold: Typica (oldest, low yield, genetic foundation), Bourbon (natural mutation of Typica on Réunion Island, 20-30% more yield, red/yellow variants), Caturra (dwarf Bourbon mutation, Brazil), Catuai (Caturra × Mundo Novo hybrid, yellow/red), Geisha/Gesha (Ethiopian origin, Panama fame in 2004, jasmine/bergamot), SL28/SL34 (Kenya, Scott Laboratories 1930s-40s, blackcurrant), Timor Hybrid (arabica × robusta, disease resistance, parent of Catimor/Sarchimor), F1 hybrids (hybrid vigor, vegetative propagation needed).
4Trading fundamentals to memorize: C-price = arabica benchmark on ICE New York in cents/lb; differential = premium or discount added to C-price; FOB = seller's responsibility ends at vessel loading (buyer pays freight/insurance); CIF = seller pays freight and insurance to destination (but risk still transfers at origin loading). The ICO collects statistics and promotes consumption — it does not set prices. Cup of Excellence requires ≥87 SCA points and uses online auction format.
5For moisture and storage: the SCA safe range is 10-12% moisture; Aw ≤0.70 prevents mold and mycotoxins. Above 12.5% = mold/mycotoxin risk. Below 10% = brittle, papery cup. GrainPro/hermetic bags create an airtight barrier (preventing moisture exchange and odor contamination) — superior to breathable jute sacks for preserving freshness. Past crop = aging beyond one season → yellowed beans, baggy/papery cup (lipid oxidation and volatile loss).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the SCA Green Coffee module?

The SCA Green Coffee module is a three-level progressive certification — Foundation (5 CSP points), Intermediate (10 points), and Professional (25 points) — within the SCA Coffee Skills Program (CSP). Each level combines a written multiple-choice examination with practical green grading (defect identification from a 350 g sample) and sensory evaluation (cupping), all assessed by an Authorized SCA Trainer. Completing all three levels earns 40 of the 125 points required for the SCA Coffee Skills Diploma.

What is the SCA Specialty grade threshold for green coffee?

To qualify as SCA Specialty grade, a 350-gram green coffee sample must contain: zero Category 1 (primary) defects, no more than 5 full defect equivalents from Category 2 (secondary) defects, and the lot must score 80 points or above on the SCA 100-point cupping form as evaluated by a Q Grader or calibrated SCA examiner. Moisture content should be 10-12% and the sample should present with blue-green color and no off-odor. All criteria must be met simultaneously.

What are Category 1 and Category 2 defects in SCA green grading?

Category 1 (primary) defects cause the most severe cup contamination and include: full black bean, full sour bean, dried cherry/pod, fungus-damaged bean, foreign matter, and severely insect-damaged beans (5 beans = 1 full defect; all others are 1 bean = 1 full defect). Category 2 (secondary) defects have lesser cup impact and include: parchment, husk, broken/chipped, lightly insect-damaged (10=1 defect), immature/unripe (5=1 defect), floaters, withered, shells/elephant ears, partial black, and partial sour beans. Zero Category 1 defects are permitted for Specialty grade.

What processing methods are covered in the SCA Green Coffee exam?

The SCA Green Coffee curriculum covers all major processing methods: washed (fully washed) — depulp, ferment 12-36 hours, wash, and dry for a clean, bright cup; natural (dry) — whole cherry drying for heavy-body, fruit-forward sweetness; honey/pulped natural — depulped but mucilage retained through drying (yellow, red, black honey levels); wet-hulled (Giling Basah) — the Indonesian method of hulling at 20-50% moisture for earthy/heavy-body cups; and anaerobic/carbonic maceration — sealed-tank CO₂ fermentation for experimental specialty flavors.

What does FOB mean in green coffee trading?

FOB (Free On Board) is the most common Incoterm in green coffee contracts. It means the seller's responsibility ends when the coffee is loaded onto the vessel at the named port of origin — the seller handles export clearance and transport to the port. Risk of loss or damage, and all freight and insurance costs for the ocean voyage, transfer to the buyer at that point. CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) is the alternative where the seller additionally pays for ocean freight and marine insurance to the destination port, though risk still transfers at origin.

What is the C-price and why does it matter?

The C-price is the benchmark commodity price for arabica coffee traded on the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) in New York, quoted in U.S. cents per pound. It is the global reference price from which all arabica coffee prices are derived. Most green coffee contracts are structured as 'C-price plus (or minus) a differential' — a premium or discount reflecting the specific origin, quality grade, processing method, and supply-demand dynamics of that lot. When the C-price is volatile, it directly impacts producer incomes and specialty premiums.

What is the moisture target for green coffee and why does it matter?

The SCA specifies 10-12% moisture content for green coffee at the time of export and storage. Coffee above 12.5% moisture is at high risk of mold growth, fermented off-flavors, and mycotoxin (ochratoxin A) formation during storage. Coffee below 10% moisture becomes brittle, loses density, and develops papery or straw-like cup notes. Water activity (Aw) ≤0.70 is the complementary safety metric, measuring the fraction of water available to support microbial activity regardless of total moisture percentage.

How does the SCA Green Coffee module relate to the Q Grader certification?

The SCA Green Coffee Professional level is complementary to but distinct from the CQI Q Grader certification. The Q Grader (Coffee Quality Institute) is an intensive stand-alone certification requiring candidates to pass 22 exams covering sensory discrimination, cupping calibration, and green grading at a very high standard. SCA Green Coffee Professional develops similar competencies within the CSP framework. Many specialty coffee professionals pursue both — the SCA module for structured learning and CSP points toward the Diploma, and Q Grader for internationally recognized sourcing credentials.