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100+ Free MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Practice Questions

Pass your MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Test (060/061) exam on the first try — instant access, no signup required.

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Much of Minnesota's landscape, including its many lakes and rolling till plains, was shaped during the most recent ice age. Which process is chiefly responsible for these glacial landforms?

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Exam

228 / 227

Passing Scaled Scores (Subtests 1 / 2)

MTLE Earth and Space Science test page

$78.50

Fee Per Subtest (2026)

MTLE Earth and Space Science test page

100 selected-response

Total Questions (50 per subtest)

MTLE Earth and Space Science test page

1 hour

Testing Time Per Subtest

MTLE Earth and Space Science test page

2 subtests

Subtests Required (060 and 061)

MTLE Earth and Space Science test page

57%

Earth Systems Weight (Subtest 1)

MTLE Earth and Space Science study guide

4 subareas

Content Subareas Across Both Subtests

MTLE Earth and Space Science study guide

MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12), test codes 060 and 061, is Minnesota's earth science content licensure test, administered by Pearson for PELSB. Each of the two subtests has about 50 selected-response questions answered in up to 1 hour, for 100 questions total. Subtest 1 is weighted Concepts and Applications 43% and Earth Systems 57%; Subtest 2 is split between Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Solar System and Human Interactions with Earth Systems. The passing scaled score is 228 for Subtest 1 and 227 for Subtest 2, and the current fee is $78.50 per subtest, or about $157 for both. Candidates must pass both subtests for licensure. This free 100-question bank mirrors the official objective weighting so candidates can practice across every subarea.

Sample MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1A student designs an investigation to test how the angle of incoming sunlight affects the rate at which soil heats up. Which feature of the design most directly improves the reliability of the data collected?
A.Repeating each measurement several times and averaging the results
B.Using the most expensive thermometer available in the lab
C.Writing the hypothesis in the form of a question rather than a statement
D.Collecting data only on a single clear afternoon
Explanation: Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. Repeating trials and averaging reduces the influence of random error and reveals whether results are reproducible. This is a core principle of scientific inquiry emphasized in the Earth and space science test framework.
2In an Earth science experiment measuring stream discharge, a teacher wants students to distinguish the independent variable from the dependent variable. Which pairing correctly identifies these variables if students are studying how channel slope affects water velocity?
A.Channel slope is the independent variable; water velocity is the dependent variable
B.Water velocity is the independent variable; channel slope is the dependent variable
C.Both channel slope and water velocity are independent variables
D.Channel slope is a controlled variable; water velocity is the independent variable
Explanation: The independent variable is the factor deliberately changed by the experimenter, and the dependent variable is the measured response. Here slope is set by the design and velocity is measured, so slope is independent and velocity is dependent.
3Remote sensing satellites such as Landsat detect reflected and emitted electromagnetic radiation from Earth's surface. Which application is most appropriate for these multispectral remote sensing data?
A.Mapping changes in vegetation cover and land use over large regions
B.Measuring the exact age of mineral grains in a rock sample
C.Determining the pH of groundwater in a single well
D.Counting the number of fossils in a sedimentary outcrop
Explanation: Multispectral remote sensing measures reflectance across visible and infrared bands, which makes it ideal for monitoring vegetation health, land cover, and land-use change across broad areas. Healthy vegetation strongly reflects near-infrared light, a key signal used in indices like NDVI.
4A laboratory activity requires students to heat dilute hydrochloric acid to test carbonate rocks for effervescence. Which safety procedure is most essential for this activity?
A.Students wear chemical splash goggles and work where ventilation is adequate
B.Students taste the acid to confirm its concentration before use
C.Students store the acid in an open beaker on a sunny windowsill
D.Students pipette the acid by mouth to control the volume
Explanation: Handling acids safely requires eye protection against splashes and adequate ventilation to avoid inhaling fumes. These are standard laboratory safety practices emphasized in the Earth and space science framework's safe-handling objective.
5A geologist uses a topographic map with a contour interval of 20 meters. Two points lie on adjacent contour lines that are very close together. What does this close spacing indicate about the terrain between the points?
A.The slope between the points is steep
B.The slope between the points is gentle
C.The two points are at the same elevation
D.The area between the points is below sea level
Explanation: On a topographic map, closely spaced contour lines represent a large elevation change over a short horizontal distance, which means a steep slope. Widely spaced contours indicate gentle slopes.
6A geographic information system (GIS) is best described as a tool that allows Earth scientists to do which of the following?
A.Store, layer, and analyze spatially referenced data to reveal geographic patterns
B.Date rock samples using ratios of radioactive isotopes
C.Measure the magnitude of earthquakes from seismic waves
D.Determine the chemical composition of distant stars
Explanation: A GIS combines layers of spatially referenced data, such as elevation, soil type, and land use, so analysts can detect spatial relationships and patterns. This capability is central to modern Earth science applications.
7A stratigraphic column shows, from bottom to top, a layer of sandstone, then shale, then limestone. Assuming the layers are undisturbed, which interpretation of the depositional history is best supported?
A.The sandstone is the oldest layer and the limestone is the youngest
B.The limestone is the oldest layer and the sandstone is the youngest
C.All three layers formed at exactly the same time
D.The shale must have formed in a desert environment
Explanation: By the principle of superposition, in an undisturbed sequence the deepest layer is oldest and each overlying layer is younger. Therefore the bottom sandstone is oldest and the top limestone is youngest.
8An Earth science teacher wants students to estimate the volume of water stored in a rectangular reservoir that is 500 m long, 200 m wide, and averages 10 m deep. Which mathematical approach gives the best estimate of the volume?
A.Multiply length by width by average depth to obtain about 1,000,000 cubic meters
B.Add length, width, and depth to obtain 710 meters
C.Multiply length by width to obtain 100,000 square meters
D.Divide length by depth to obtain 50 meters
Explanation: Volume of a rectangular basin equals length times width times depth. Here 500 m times 200 m times 10 m equals 1,000,000 cubic meters. Applying correct units and dimensional reasoning is part of the test's mathematical-analysis objective.
9A conceptual model of the rock cycle is used in class to show relationships among igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. What is the primary value of using such a model in Earth science instruction?
A.It represents complex processes and relationships in a simplified, understandable form
B.It proves that the rock cycle occurs exactly as drawn in every location
C.It replaces the need for any field or laboratory observation
D.It provides the precise numerical age of every rock type
Explanation: Models simplify complex natural systems so that key relationships and processes can be visualized and understood. They are powerful teaching and reasoning tools but are simplifications, not exact replicas of reality.
10Which of the following is the best example of a unifying theme that connects Earth science with other branches of science?
A.Conservation of energy as it applies to weather systems, plate tectonics, and ocean circulation
B.The specific scientific name of a single fossil species
C.The hardness value of one particular mineral on the Mohs scale
D.The street address of a local seismograph station
Explanation: Unifying themes such as energy transfer, systems, and conservation laws cut across all sciences. Energy conservation explains phenomena from atmospheric circulation to mantle convection, linking Earth science with physics and chemistry.

About the MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Exam

The MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) test is the subject-matter assessment for the Minnesota Earth and Space Science teaching license. It is delivered as two computer-based subtests of approximately 50 selected-response questions each: Subtest 1 (060) covers Concepts and Applications in Earth and Space Science and Earth Systems, and Subtest 2 (061) covers the Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Solar System and Human Interactions with Earth Systems. Candidates must pass both subtests for licensure.

Questions

100 scored questions

Time Limit

1 hour of testing per subtest (1 hour 15 minutes total appointment per subtest)

Passing Score

228 (Subtest 1) and 227 (Subtest 2) scaled scores

Exam Fee

$78.50 per subtest ($157 for both) (Minnesota PELSB / Pearson)

MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Exam Content Outline

43% of Subtest 1

Concepts and Applications in Earth and Space Science (Subtest 1, Subarea I)

Principles of scientific inquiry and investigation design, information gathering and unifying themes, tools and equipment including remote sensing, safe material handling, real-world applications and careers, the use of computers, mathematical analysis, conceptual and computer models, geographic information systems, analysis of geologic maps and stratigraphic columns, and content-area reading skills such as academic vocabulary, discourse, and interpreting data representations.

57% of Subtest 1

Earth Systems (Subtest 1, Subarea II)

Physical and chemical properties of Earth materials, rocks and minerals and Bowen's reaction series, Earth's layered interior and lithosphere, the hydrosphere and atmosphere, internal and external energy sources, heat transfer by conduction, convection, advection, and radiation, the rock and hydrologic cycles, soil and geochemical cycles, weathering, erosion and deposition, glaciation including Minnesota's glacial features, plate tectonics, earthquakes and volcanism, geologic time, fossils, and radiometric and relative dating.

About half of Subtest 2

Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Solar System (Subtest 2, Subarea I)

Telescope types, methods for determining stellar characteristics, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, stellar evolution and fusion, galaxy types and evolution, cosmological theories including the Big Bang, the origin and evolution of the solar system, planetary characteristics and habitability, comets and asteroids, Kepler's and Newton's laws of celestial mechanics, and the characteristics and interactions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth including tides, eclipses, seasons, and precession.

About half of Subtest 2

Human Interactions with Earth Systems (Subtest 2, Subarea II)

Renewable versus nonrenewable natural resources, their formation, availability, and extraction strategies with associated benefits and risks, atmospheric and water pollutants and pollution-reduction strategies, environmental hazards such as flooding and hurricanes, climate zones and regional climate factors, teleconnections, evidence of historical climate change, and the causes and consequences of recent global warming for Earth systems and human society.

How to Pass the MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 228 (Subtest 1) and 227 (Subtest 2) scaled scores
  • Exam length: 100 questions
  • Time limit: 1 hour of testing per subtest (1 hour 15 minutes total appointment per subtest)
  • Exam fee: $78.50 per subtest ($157 for both)

Keys to Passing

  • Complete 500+ practice questions
  • Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
  • Focus on highest-weighted sections
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

MTLE Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) Study Tips from Top Performers

1Allocate the most time to Earth Systems, which makes up about 57% of Subtest 1, covering rocks, plate tectonics, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and Earth's history
2Review scientific inquiry, lab safety, mathematical analysis, GIS, and content-area reading skills, since these applied objectives appear throughout Subtest 1, Subarea I
3For Subtest 2, study astronomy systematically: the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, stellar evolution, the Big Bang, Kepler's and Newton's laws, and Sun-Moon-Earth interactions
4Master cause-and-effect relationships in climate and natural hazards, since Human Interactions with Earth Systems emphasizes resources, pollution, and climate change
5Practice interpreting geologic maps, stratigraphic columns, topographic maps, and data graphs, which the test uses to assess analysis skills
6Plan to schedule the two subtests separately and pace your study so you can pass both for licensure

Frequently Asked Questions

What is on the MTLE Earth and Space Science (060/061) test?

The test has two subtests. Subtest 1 (060) covers Concepts and Applications in Earth and Space Science (about 43%) and Earth Systems (about 57%). Subtest 2 (061) covers the Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Solar System and Human Interactions with Earth Systems. Together they assess geology, the atmosphere, oceans, astronomy, scientific inquiry, and human-Earth interactions.

How many questions are on the MTLE Earth and Space Science test and what is the format?

Each subtest contains approximately 50 selected-response (multiple-choice) questions, for 100 questions total across the two subtests. You have up to 1 hour of testing time per subtest within a 1 hour 15 minute appointment that includes the tutorial and nondisclosure agreement.

What is the passing score for the MTLE Earth and Space Science test?

You need a scaled score of 228 to pass Subtest 1 (060) and 227 to pass Subtest 2 (061). Both subtests must be passed to qualify for the Minnesota Earth and Space Science (9-12) license. These standards were set by PELSB and apply to tests taken on or after February 5, 2024.

How much does the MTLE Earth and Space Science test cost in 2026?

The current registration fee is $78.50 per subtest, so taking both Subtest 1 and Subtest 2 costs about $157. Always confirm the exact amount in your Pearson registration account before checkout, since fees can change.

Do I have to pass both subtests of the MTLE Earth and Space Science test?

Yes. The Earth and Space Science (Grades 9-12) field is divided into Subtest 1 (060) and Subtest 2 (061), and you must take and pass both to qualify for the Minnesota license in this field. You may register for and take the subtests separately.

Who administers the MTLE Earth and Space Science test?

The Minnesota Teacher Licensure Examinations are overseen by the Minnesota Professional Educator Licensing and Standards Board (PELSB) and administered by Pearson (Evaluation Systems). You register and view results through the official MTLE website at mtle.nesinc.com.