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Industrial Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전산업기사, South Korea)

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Key Facts: Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사) Exam

120 Questions / 180 Min

Official CBT Examination Format (6 Subjects x 20 Questions)

HRD Korea National Technical Qualification Standards

40% / 60%

Passing Standard: 40-pt Subject Floor & 60-pt Overall Average

Ministry of Employment and Labor Regulations

KRW 19,400 / 34,600

Examination Fees (Written / Practical Composite Exam)

HRD Korea Examination Portal (Q-Net)

OSHA & SAPA

Core Statutory Framework (산업안전보건법 및 중대재해처벌법)

Ministry of Employment and Labor (고용노동부)

2-Year Exemption

Written Test Pass Exemption Period for Practical Exam

National Technical Qualifications Act Enforcement Decree

Mandatory Appointment

Statutory Safety Manager Requirement (선임 안전관리자)

Occupational Safety and Health Act Article 17

The Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사) certifies statutory competency for safety managers overseeing disaster prevention, ergonomics, machinery, electrical circuits, chemical plants, and construction sites under the Occupational Safety and Health Act and Serious Accidents Punishment Act. Note: The official written examination has 120 questions (6 subjects × 20 questions in 180 minutes); this OpenExamPrep module provides 100 high-yield English-language practice MCQs as an independent study adaptation, not an official translation or format simulation.

Sample Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사) Practice Questions

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1According to Heinrich's Law (하인리히의 법칙) of industrial accident causation, what is the statutory ratio between Major Injury (중상), Minor Injury (경상), and Non-Injury Accidents or Near Misses (무상해사고/아차사고)?

A.1 : 50 : 500

B.1 : 10 : 30

C.1 : 5 : 100

D.1 : 29 : 300

Explanation: Herbert W. Heinrich established the classical empirical ratio of 1 : 29 : 300 in his industrial safety research. For every 330 accidents of the same kind, there is 1 major injury (중상/사망), 29 minor injuries (경상), and 300 non-injury accidents or near misses (무상해 사고 / 아차사고). This foundational principle highlights that industrial disaster prevention must focus on eliminating the vast base of latent unsafe acts and near misses to avert catastrophic loss.

2In Frank E. Bird's modified accident sequence model (버드의 신도미노 이론), which of the following represents the correct numerical ratio among Serious/Fatal Injury, Minor Injury, Property Damage Only, and Near Misses (무상해·무사고 고장)?

A.1 : 29 : 300 : 1,000

B.1 : 5 : 20 : 100

C.1 : 10 : 30 : 600

D.1 : 15 : 45 : 300

Explanation: Frank Bird Jr. analyzed over 1.7 million accidents across hundreds of companies and formulated the 1 : 10 : 30 : 600 ratio: 1 serious or fatal injury (중상 또는 사망), 10 minor injuries (경상해), 30 property damage accidents (물적 손실/무상해 사고), and 600 incidents with no visible damage or injury, commonly termed near misses (무상해·무손실 사고 / 위험순간).

3A manufacturing plant employs 500 workers, each working 8 hours per day for 250 days in a given year. During that year, 10 industrial accidents occur resulting in lost time. What is the Frequency Rate (도수율) of accidents for this plant?

A.5.0

B.10.0

C.15.0

D.20.0

Explanation: The Frequency Rate (도수율) measures the number of lost-time accidents occurring per 1,000,000 total man-hours worked. The formula is: Frequency Rate = (Total Number of Accidents / Total Man-Hours Worked) * 1,000,000. Total man-hours = 500 workers * 8 hours/day * 250 days = 1,000,000 hours. Therefore, Frequency Rate = (10 / 1,000,000) * 1,000,000 = 10.0.

4A workplace with 1,000,000 annual man-hours worked experiences 1 fatal accident (사망) and temporary total disability incidents resulting in 150 lost workdays. Under South Korean industrial safety standards, what is the Severity Rate (강도율) for this workplace?

A.0.15

B.7.50

C.7.65

D.76.50

Explanation: The Severity Rate (강도율) indicates lost workdays per 1,000 man-hours worked: Severity Rate = (Total Statutory Lost Workdays / Total Man-Hours) * 1,000. Under statutory standards (산업안전보건법 및 한국산업인력공단 기준), a fatality (사망) or permanent total disability (Grades 1-3) is assigned a statutory loss of 7,500 workdays. Total lost days = 7,500 + 150 = 7,650 days. Severity Rate = (7,650 / 1,000,000) * 1,000 = 7.65.

5An industrial facility records a Frequency Rate (도수율) of 25.0 and a Severity Rate (강도율) of 0.64. What is the Comprehensive Accident Rate, also known as the Frequency Severity Indicator (종합재해지수 / FSI)?

A.4.0

B.5.0

C.16.0

D.25.64

Explanation: The Comprehensive Accident Rate or Frequency Severity Indicator (종합재해지수 / FSI) provides a combined metric evaluating both accident incidence and severity. The formula is: FSI = sqrt(Frequency Rate * Severity Rate). FSI = sqrt(25.0 * 0.64) = sqrt(16.0) = 4.0.

6Which safety management organizational structure is most recommended for large enterprises with 1,000 or more employees (대규모 사업장), combining direct operational command with specialized technical advisory support?

A.Line Organization (직계형 / 라인형)

B.Staff Organization (참모형 / 스태프형)

C.Line-and-Staff Organization (직계·참모형 / 절충형)

D.Ad-hoc Project Taskforce Organization (임시 프로젝트형)

Explanation: The Line-and-Staff Organization (직계·참모형 / 절충형) is best suited for large-scale enterprises with 1,000 or more workers. In this structure, safety staff specialists plan, research, and advise top management on specialized technical safety standards, while operational line supervisors hold direct authority and responsibility to execute safety directives down through the production hierarchy.

7In Heinrich's classic 5-stage Domino Theory (하인리히의 사고연쇄반응이론), which stage is identified as the direct cause of accidents (직접원인) and the central focus for accident prevention intervention?

A.Ancestry and Social Environment (유전적 요인 및 사회적 환경)

B.Fault of Person (개인적 결함)

C.Unsafe Act and Unsafe Condition (불안전한 행동 및 불안전한 상태)

D.Injury (상해)

Explanation: Heinrich's Domino Theory consists of five successive stages: (1) Ancestry/Social Environment, (2) Fault of Person, (3) Unsafe Act / Unsafe Condition, (4) Accident, and (5) Injury. Heinrich emphasized that the 3rd domino—Unsafe Act and Unsafe Condition (불안전한 행동 및 불안전한 상태)—is the immediate direct cause of accidents. Removing this middle domino prevents the chain reaction from propagating to the accident and injury stages.

8In Frank Bird's modern accident sequence model, what is identified as the foundational root cause (근본 원인) represented by the first domino?

A.Basic Causes / Personal and Job Factors (기본원인 / 기원)

B.Immediate Causes / Symptoms (직접원인 / 징후)

C.Contact with Energy or Substance (사고 / 접촉)

D.Lack of Control / Management Deficiencies (제어의 부족 / 관리의 부재)

Explanation: Bird's modernized sequence consists of: (1) Lack of Control / Management (관리의 부재/통제 부족), (2) Basic Causes (기본원인: personal factors and job factors), (3) Immediate Causes (직접원인: unsafe acts and conditions, viewed as mere symptoms), (4) Incident (접촉/사고: contact with energy or substance), and (5) Loss (손실: people, property, process). Management deficiency is the starting point of the entire failure chain.

9In Edward Adams' accident causation model, tactical errors (전술적 에러) in the workplace are directly triggered by which preceding operational failure?

A.Physiological fatigue of front-line workers

B.Administrative system policy and goal deficiencies (관리구조의 결함)

C.Operational errors by management and supervision (작전적 에러 / 경영자 및 감독자의 행동)

D.Catastrophic environmental weather extremes

Explanation: Edward Adams modified the causation model into five stages: (1) Management Structure (관리구조: policy, objectives), (2) Operational Errors (작전적 에러: management and supervisory behavior), (3) Tactical Errors (전술적 에러: unsafe acts and unsafe conditions), (4) Accident, and (5) Injury/Damage. Tactical errors by workers are immediate manifestations of prior operational errors by management and supervisors.

10Under Annex 4 to the Enforcement Rule of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (산업안전보건법 시행규칙 별표 4, as amended 27 September 2023), what is the minimum periodic safety and health education (정기교육) requirement for a worker who is neither an office worker nor directly engaged in sales?

A.At least 3 hours every quarter

B.At least 6 hours every half-year

C.At least 12 hours every half-year

D.At least 16 hours per year

Explanation: The amendment to Annex 4 promulgated and effective on 27 September 2023 moved periodic education from a quarterly cycle (매분기) to a half-yearly cycle (매반기). The current requirements are: office workers and workers directly engaged in sales, at least 6 hours every half-year; all other workers, at least 12 hours every half-year; and persons holding the position of 관리감독자, at least 16 hours per year under a separate table. Older study material still quoting 매분기 3시간 / 6시간 reflects the superseded 2021 table.

About the Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사) Exam

The Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사, jmCd: 1780) is South Korea's premier national technical qualification administered by HRD Korea under the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The certification validates advanced engineering competency in industrial disaster prevention, safety and health education, human factors ergonomics, risk assessment methodologies (FTA, ETA, FMEA), mechanical safety mechanisms, electrical shock prevention and explosion protection, chemical process safety management (PSM), and construction site safety. It is the primary statutory credential for appointing mandatory Safety Managers (안전관리자) under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (산업안전보건법) and meeting the compliance requirements of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (중대재해처벌법). This module is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep, preserving authentic Korean technical terminology alongside rigorous English pedagogical explanations. Independent practice by OpenExamPrep.

Exam sponsor: Human Resources Development Service of Korea (한국산업인력공단 / HRD Korea, Qualification Code jmCd: 1780). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

6 subjects sat over 180 minutes: Subject 1: Industrial Disaster Prevention & Safety/Health Education (산업재해 예방 및 안전보건교육, 20 questions); Subject 2: Ergonomics & Risk Assessment/Management (인간공학 및 위험성 평가·관리, 20 questions); Subject 3: Mechanical Safety Management (기계·기구 및 설비 안전 관리, 20 questions); Subject 4: Electrical Safety Management (전기설비 안전 관리, 20 questions); Subject 5: Chemical Safety Management (화학설비 안전 관리, 20 questions); Subject 6: Construction Safety Management (건설공사 안전 관리, 20 questions).

Time Limit

180 minutes (3 hours; 30 minutes per subject)

Passing Score

At least 40 points in each subject (과락 40점 미만 방지) and an overall arithmetic average of at least 60 points out of 100 (전과목 평균 60점 이상)

Exam / Certification Fees

KRW 19,400 (Written Examination / 필기시험); KRW 34,600 (Practical Examination / 실기시험)

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

1 of 6 written subjects (20 of 120 official items; 17 of 100 practice questions)

Subject 1: Industrial Disaster Prevention & Safety/Health Education (산업재해 예방 및 안전보건교육)

Covers accident causation models (Heinrich's 1:29:300 ratio and 5 domino steps, Bird's 1:10:30:600 modified domino theory, Adams' management model), accident statistical metrics (Frequency Rate / 도수율, Severity Rate / 강도율, Comprehensive Accident Rate / FSI 종합재해지수, Average Lost Workdays per Incident / 강도수율), safety management organization types (Line, Staff, Line-and-Staff), statutory safety training classifications and hours (new hire, job transfer, regular, special work education under OSHA Table 4), safety and health signs (prohibition, warning, instruction, guidance), and regulatory compliance under the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (중대재해처벌법).

1 of 6 written subjects (20 of 120 official items; 17 of 100 practice questions)

Subject 2: Ergonomics & Risk Assessment/Management (인간공학 및 위험성 평가·관리)

Focuses on sensory information processing (visual, auditory, tactile displays, stimulus-response compatibility), anthropometric design principles (design for extreme individuals, adjustable design, design for the average), NIOSH lifting equation (Recommended Weight Limit RWL, Lifting Index LI), cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs: carpal tunnel, tendonitis, epicondylitis), system safety lifecycle stages (PHA, SSHA, SHA, O&SHA), and quantitative risk assessment methods (Fault Tree Analysis FTA cut sets, path sets, AND/OR gate probability calculations, Event Tree Analysis ETA, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis FMEA, and THERP human reliability estimation).

1 of 6 written subjects (20 of 120 official items; 17 of 100 practice questions)

Subject 3: Mechanical Safety Management (기계·기구 및 설비 안전 관리)

Encompasses hazardous mechanical danger points (pinch points 협착점, nip points 끼임점/물림점, shear points 절단점, cutting points 절단점, entanglement points 감김점, running nips 인입점), mechanical safeguards and interlocks, power press safety devices (two-hand control, gate, sweep, pullback, optical photoelectric) and safety distance calculations (D = 1.6 * Tm), grinding wheel mounting rules (flange diameter >= 1/3, tap test, run-up test, guard opening angle), crane and lifting equipment wire rope discard criteria (broken wires > 10%, nominal diameter reduction > 7%, kinked, deformed), forklift stability standards, and industrial robot protective fences and interlocking door limits.

1 of 6 written subjects (20 of 120 official items; 17 of 100 practice questions)

Subject 4: Electrical Safety Management (전기설비 안전 관리)

Covers the physiological effects of electricity on the human body, Dalziel's ventricular fibrillation threshold equation (I = 165 / sqrt(t) mA), allowable contact voltage classifications, protective grounding systems and Korean Electrotechnical Code (KEC) earthing systems (TN-S, TN-C, TT, IT), Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB / 누전차단기 sensitivity rated current <= 30 mA, operating time <= 0.03 s; high-sensitivity high-speed <= 15 mA), static electricity generation, accumulation, and hazard prevention (humidity > 60-70%, grounding resistance < 100 ohms, static eliminators), and explosion-proof electrical apparatus construction (flameproof Ex d, increased safety Ex e, intrinsic safety Ex ia/ib, pressurized Ex p, sand-filled Ex q, oil-immersed Ex o) and explosive gas group classifications (Group IIA, IIB, IIC).

1 of 6 written subjects (20 of 120 official items; 16 of 100 practice questions)

Subject 5: Chemical Safety Management (화학설비 안전 관리)

Analyzes combustion theory and explosion mechanisms (lower and upper flammability limits LFL/UFL, Le Chatelier's formula for gas mixtures, flash points, auto-ignition temperature, BLEVE boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion, UVCE unconfined vapor cloud explosion), hazardous material classes under Korean law, the 12 core items of Process Safety Management (공정안전보고서 / PSM), occupational exposure limits (Time-Weighted Average TWA, Short-Term Exposure Limit STEL, Ceiling C), local exhaust ventilation hood capture velocity formulas (flanged and unflanged hoods: Q = V * (10*X^2 + A), slot hoods, canopy hoods), pressure relief devices (safety relief valves and rupture discs), and Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 16 standard sections.

1 of 6 written subjects (20 of 120 official items; 16 of 100 practice questions)

Subject 6: Construction Safety Management (건설공사 안전 관리)

Examines geotechnical engineering and soil slope stability (Rankine active/passive earth pressure, angle of internal friction, slope gradients in natural soil and rock cuts), foundation and retaining wall failure modes (piping, boiling in sand, heaving in soft clay), scaffolding safety standards (tubular coupler scaffolding, prefabricated frame scaffolding, system scaffolding, suspended scaffolds, tie-in spacing), fall protection systems (safety nets installation height, clearance, mesh size, tensile strength, full-body safety harnesses), tower crane tie-in and wind speed limits (stop operation > 15 m/s, stop dismantling/assembly > 10 m/s), tunnel and trench excavation safety, and concrete formwork shoring inspection (pipe supports, timber shoring, strike-off concrete strength).

Preparing for the Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사) Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: At least 40 points in each subject (과락 40점 미만 방지) and an overall arithmetic average of at least 60 points out of 100 (전과목 평균 60점 이상)
Assessment: 6 subjects sat over 180 minutes: Subject 1: Industrial Disaster Prevention & Safety/Health Education (산업재해 예방 및 안전보건교육, 20 questions); Subject 2: Ergonomics & Risk Assessment/Management (인간공학 및 위험성 평가·관리, 20 questions); Subject 3: Mechanical Safety Management (기계·기구 및 설비 안전 관리, 20 questions); Subject 4: Electrical Safety Management (전기설비 안전 관리, 20 questions); Subject 5: Chemical Safety Management (화학설비 안전 관리, 20 questions); Subject 6: Construction Safety Management (건설공사 안전 관리, 20 questions).
Time limit: 180 minutes (3 hours; 30 minutes per subject)
Exam / certification fees: KRW 19,400 (Written Examination / 필기시험); KRW 34,600 (Practical Examination / 실기시험) Official sources

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Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사): Suggested Study Strategy

1Master Accident Statistical Metrics (도수율, 강도율, 종합재해지수): Memorize the multiplier bases — 1,000,000 man-hours for Frequency Rate (도수율), 1,000 man-hours for Severity Rate (강도율), and statutory lost workday assessments (e.g., 7,500 days for death and permanent total disability Grades 1-3). Practice converting between calendar lost days and statutory lost workdays (Lost Days * 300 / 365).

2Understand Power Press Safety Distances (방호장치 안전거리 계산): Memorize the formula D = 1.6 * Tm (where D is in mm, 1.6 m/s is standard hand movement speed, and Tm is total stopping time in milliseconds). Practice solving for minimum safety distance for optical photoelectric and two-hand control safety devices.

3Calculate Electrical Shock Physiology and Grounding (달지엘 공식과 접지공사): Master Dalziel's formula I = 165 / sqrt(t) mA for ventricular fibrillation current. Know the operating parameters of Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB <= 30 mA, <= 0.03 s) and allowable contact voltages (Grade 1 <= 2.5V, Grade 2 <= 25V, Grade 3 <= 50V).

4Master Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Cut Sets and Gate Logic: Understand AND gates (all inputs required, multiply probabilities) and OR gates (any input causes top event, 1 - product of complements). Be able to identify minimal cut sets (최소 컷셋) and minimal path sets (최소 패스셋).

5Learn Local Exhaust Ventilation Capture Velocity Formulas: For an external hood resting on a plane, know the formula Q = V * (10*X^2 + A) and for a hood in free space Q = V * (10*X^2 + A) or Q = 1.4 * V * P * X depending on hood configuration.

6Memorize Statutory Wire Rope Discard Standards (와이어로프 폐기기준): Know the key criteria under the Industrial Safety and Health Standards: wire breakage > 10% in one pitch (꼬임), diameter reduction > 7% of nominal diameter, kinked (킹크), or severely deformed/corroded.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사) qualification and who administers it?

The Engineer Industrial Safety (산업안전기사, jmCd: 1780) is South Korea's premier national technical qualification administered by the Human Resources Development Service of Korea (한국산업인력공단 / HRD Korea) under the auspices of the Ministry of Employment and Labor (고용노동부). It certifies that a practitioner has mastered disaster prevention theory, safety education, ergonomics, risk assessment methods, and mechanical, electrical, chemical, and construction safety engineering necessary to act as a legally designated Safety Manager.

Why is this certification so critical in South Korean industry?

Under Article 17 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (산업안전보건법) and the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (중대재해처벌법), industrial workplaces exceeding specific employee or construction cost thresholds are legally required to appoint qualified Safety Managers (선임 안전관리자). The Engineer Industrial Safety certificate is the primary and most widely recognized statutory qualification meeting this national mandate across all major industry sectors.

What is the official examination format, time limit, and passing requirement?

The official written examination consists of 120 four-option multiple-choice questions across 6 subjects (20 questions per subject) administered over 180 minutes (3 hours) via Computer-Based Testing (CBT). To pass, a candidate must score at least 40 points in every subject (preventing disqualification via the 40-point subject floor / 과락) and achieve an overall arithmetic average of at least 60 points out of 100 across all 6 subjects. The practical examination is a 100-point composite test consisting of a written-descriptive paper (필답형, 55 points, 1.5 hours) and a video-clip workstation assessment (작업형 동영상, 45 points, 1 hour), requiring an aggregate score of 60 points or higher to pass.

What is the difference between the official written exam and this OpenExamPrep practice bank?

The official national written examination administered by HRD Korea contains 120 multiple-choice questions in Korean (6 subjects × 20 questions). This OpenExamPrep module is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation consisting of exactly 100 high-yield practice questions (17, 17, 17, 17, 16, 16 across the 6 subjects) designed to help international safety engineers and bilingual practitioners master Korean statutory standards, formulas, and technical terminology in parentheses. It is not an official translation or format simulation.

What mathematical and computational formulas are tested on the exam?

Key quantitative formulas include: accident statistics (Frequency Rate = (Disasters / Man-Hours) * 1,000,000; Severity Rate = (Lost Workdays / Man-Hours) * 1,000; Comprehensive Accident Rate FSI = sqrt(FR * SR)), Dalziel's ventricular fibrillation threshold (I = 165 / sqrt(t) mA), power press safety distance (D = 1.6 * Tm), Fault Tree Analysis gate probability calculations (AND gate = product of probabilities; OR gate = 1 - product of complementary probabilities), wire rope breaking safety factor (SF = Breaking Load / Working Load >= 5 or 10), and local exhaust capture volume (Q = V * (10*X^2 + A)).

What are the eligibility requirements to sit for the Engineer Industrial Safety examination?

Candidates must meet one of the following criteria under the National Technical Qualifications Act: (1) a 4-year university degree (or scheduled graduation) in safety engineering or related engineering/natural science disciplines; (2) an Industrial Engineer (산업기사) certificate plus 1 year of verified practical experience; (3) a 2-year or 3-year junior college degree plus 1 to 2 years of qualifying experience; or (4) 4 years of verified practical experience in safety management.