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100+ Free IB Biology SL Practice Questions

Pass your IB Diploma Biology Standard Level exam on the first try — instant access, no signup required.

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During the menstrual cycle in humans, ovulation is triggered by a sharp rise in

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: IB Biology SL Exam

2025

First exams new syllabus

IB Biology subject guide

150 hours

Recommended teaching time

IB Biology SL guide

20%

Internal Assessment weighting

IB Biology subject guide

100

Free practice questions here

OpenExamPrep

IB Biology SL is assessed via Paper 1 (Part A 30 MCQ + Part B data-based, 90 min) and Paper 2 (data-based, short-answer, extended-response, 90 min) plus an Internal Assessment scientific investigation worth 20%. The new syllabus, first examined in 2025, organises content across four themes and four biological levels of organisation.

Sample IB Biology SL Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your IB Biology SL exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which property of water arises directly from hydrogen bonding between water molecules?
A.High specific heat capacity
B.Low density in all phases
C.Inability to dissolve ionic compounds
D.Hydrophobic behaviour
Explanation: Hydrogen bonds require energy to break, so water absorbs a lot of heat for a small temperature rise. This gives it a high specific heat capacity, stabilising aquatic environments and body temperature in organisms.
2Cohesion of water molecules is best explained by which interaction?
A.Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
B.Covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen
C.Ionic bonds within each water molecule
D.Hydrophobic interactions with lipids
Explanation: Cohesion is the attraction between like molecules. Water molecules attract each other via hydrogen bonds between the slightly positive H of one molecule and the slightly negative O of another, enabling continuous water columns in xylem.
3Adhesion of water to xylem walls helps transpiration because it
A.Allows water to climb against gravity in narrow xylem
B.Increases the solubility of sucrose in phloem
C.Drives active transport of mineral ions
D.Lowers the surface tension of leaf mesophyll
Explanation: Adhesion is the attraction between water and other polar surfaces such as the cellulose-lined xylem walls. Combined with cohesion, it enables capillary rise and supports the continuous water column transpiration pulls upward.
4Why is water described as the universal biological solvent?
A.Its polarity dissolves a wide range of ionic and polar solutes
B.It has very high viscosity
C.It contains free hydrogen atoms ready to react
D.It is non-polar like the cell membrane interior
Explanation: Water's polar O-H bonds give the molecule a dipole, so water surrounds and separates ions and dissolves many polar molecules. This solvent action allows metabolism, transport in blood and transport in xylem and phloem.
5Sweating cools the human body primarily because
A.Evaporation of water removes large amounts of heat
B.Water on skin reflects solar radiation
C.Sweat reacts chemically with skin lipids
D.Water has a very low specific heat capacity
Explanation: Water has a high latent heat of vaporisation due to hydrogen bonds. When sweat evaporates, those bonds break and absorb heat from the skin, lowering body temperature efficiently with relatively little water loss.
6In a DNA double helix, which base pairing is correct?
A.Adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine
B.Adenine with guanine, cytosine with thymine
C.Adenine with cytosine, guanine with thymine
D.Adenine with uracil, cytosine with guanine
Explanation: DNA uses complementary base pairing where adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine pairs with guanine via three hydrogen bonds. The pairing keeps the helix a constant width and underlies accurate replication.
7Each nucleotide in DNA contains which three components?
A.A pentose sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
B.An amino acid, a phosphate and a base
C.A hexose sugar, a sulphate and a base
D.A fatty acid, glycerol and a base
Explanation: A nucleotide is built from a 5-carbon (pentose) sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group bonded to carbon 5 of the sugar, and a nitrogenous base attached to carbon 1. Successive nucleotides link via phosphodiester bonds.
8Two antiparallel strands of DNA are held together mainly by
A.Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases
B.Covalent bonds between sugars on opposite strands
C.Ionic bonds between phosphates
D.Disulphide bridges between bases
Explanation: The two strands run in opposite 5' to 3' directions and are linked by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (two between A-T, three between C-G). These bonds are individually weak but collectively stable, allowing strands to separate for replication.
9During transcription in a eukaryotic cell, mRNA is synthesised
A.In the nucleus using a DNA template and RNA polymerase
B.On free ribosomes using a protein template
C.In the mitochondrion from tRNA
D.In the cytoplasm directly from amino acids
Explanation: RNA polymerase binds DNA in the nucleus, unwinds it and uses one strand as a template to build a complementary mRNA strand (with uracil in place of thymine). The mature mRNA then leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores to be translated.
10How many bases of mRNA code for one amino acid during translation?
A.Three
B.One
C.Two
D.Four
Explanation: The genetic code is a triplet code: a codon of three consecutive mRNA bases specifies one amino acid (or a stop signal). With 4 bases there are 64 possible codons, more than enough for 20 amino acids, giving a redundant (degenerate) code.

About the IB Biology SL Exam

IB Diploma Biology Standard Level is a Group 4 experimental science course on the new syllabus first examined in May 2025. Content is organised around four themes (Unity and Diversity, Form and Function, Interaction and Interdependence, Continuity and Change), each explored at four levels (molecules, cells, organisms, ecosystems). Assessment combines two written papers with an Internal Assessment scientific investigation.

Questions

100 scored questions

Time Limit

Paper 1: 90 min, Paper 2: 90 min, plus Internal Assessment

Passing Score

Grade 4 commonly used as a pass; grades 1-7 awarded (7 highest)

Exam Fee

School-set entry fee (varies by school and country) (International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO))

IB Biology SL Exam Content Outline

~25%

A: Unity and Diversity

Water properties (hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, solvent, thermal), nucleic acids (DNA double helix, base pairing A-T C-G), gene expression and protein synthesis, mutations, cell theory, eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cells, viruses, classification (domains and kingdoms), binomial nomenclature, cladistics, molecular phylogenetics, biodiversity

~25%

B: Form and Function

Organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, RER, SER, Golgi, 80S vs 70S ribosomes), fluid-mosaic membranes, diffusion and facilitated diffusion, osmosis and water potential, active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis, alveolar gas exchange, ventilation, heart and blood vessels, xylem transpiration and phloem translocation, enzymes (induced fit, denaturation)

~25%

C: Interaction and Interdependence

Homeostasis and negative feedback, blood glucose regulation (insulin and glucagon), thermoregulation, neurons and action potentials, synapses and neurotransmitters, endocrine signalling, aerobic respiration in mitochondria and anaerobic respiration (lactate, ethanol), light-dependent reactions in thylakoids and Calvin cycle in stroma, energy flow, carbon and nitrogen cycles, community interactions

~25%

D: Continuity and Change

Cell cycle and interphase, mitosis stages (PMAT) and cytokinesis, meiosis vs mitosis, mutation types (substitution, insertion, deletion), Mendelian inheritance and Punnett squares, codominance and sex-linkage, pedigree analysis, discrete vs continuous variation, natural selection and gene-pool change, allopatric vs sympatric speciation, evolutionary evidence, reproduction in animals and plants

How to Pass the IB Biology SL Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Grade 4 commonly used as a pass; grades 1-7 awarded (7 highest)
  • Exam length: 100 questions
  • Time limit: Paper 1: 90 min, Paper 2: 90 min, plus Internal Assessment
  • Exam fee: School-set entry fee (varies by school and country)

Keys to Passing

  • Complete 500+ practice questions
  • Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
  • Focus on highest-weighted sections
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

IB Biology SL Study Tips from Top Performers

1Use IB command terms precisely (state, outline, describe, explain, suggest) — markschemes reward the level of detail demanded
2Practise data-based questions on past papers: graph interpretation, error bars and calculating percentage change appear in every session
3Learn the named examples in the syllabus (e.g. trumpet manucode mutualism, lactase, methanogens) — examiners credit specific organisms over generic answers
4Link every structure to its function across the four levels of organisation, as the new syllabus is built around exactly that integration

Frequently Asked Questions

When was the new IB Biology syllabus first examined?

The new IB Biology syllabus was first examined in May 2025. It replaces the previous syllabus and is organised around four themes (A-D) explored at four levels of organisation (molecules, cells, organisms, ecosystems).

How is IB Biology SL assessed?

IB Biology SL is assessed by Paper 1 (Part A multiple-choice plus Part B data-based questions, 90 minutes) and Paper 2 (data-based, short-answer and extended-response questions, 90 minutes), together with an Internal Assessment scientific investigation worth 20% of the final grade.

What is the difference between IB Biology SL and HL?

HL covers all SL content plus additional HL-only sub-topics, including more depth on topics such as gene expression regulation, animal physiology and plant biology. HL has longer papers and 240 teaching hours compared with 150 hours at SL.

When are IB Biology exams sat?

IB Diploma exams are held in May (Northern Hemisphere schools) and November (Southern Hemisphere schools). Results are released in early July or early January respectively.