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Croatia Notary Examination (Javnobilježnički ispit, MPUDT)

Practice Questions
Exam Review

Key Facts: Pravosudni ispit Exam

3 assignments

Civil, criminal and administrative written work

Judicial Trainees and Judicial Examination Act, Article 27

6 hours each

Maximum duration per written assignment

Pravilnik o polaganju pravosudnog ispita, Article 15

6 / 6 / 3

Written minima out of 10 / 10 / 5

Judicial Trainees and Judicial Examination Act, Article 29

8 of 15

Minimum in each oral subject

Judicial Trainees and Judicial Examination Act, Article 32

€339

Full examination fee

MPUDT application and fee page

Croatia's Pravosudni ispit combines three scored file-based written assignments with five oral subjects before a five-member state commission.

Sample Pravosudni ispit Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Pravosudni ispit exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 25+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What is the ordinary consequence under Croatian obligations law when a contract conflicts with the Constitution, a mandatory rule, or the morals of society?
A.The contract is void (ništetan), unless the purpose of the violated rule points to a different consequence
B.The contract remains valid until either party cancels it within one year
C.Only the price term is removed and every other term necessarily survives
D.The contract becomes a natural obligation enforceable only after voluntary part-performance
Explanation: The ordinary rule is nullity (ništetnost), subject to the purpose of the violated rule and statutory exceptions. This differs from voidability (pobojnost), which protects a party through a time-limited challenge.
2In an ordinary Croatian non-contractual damages claim, how does the Law of Obligations treat the tortfeasor's fault?
A.The injured party must always prove deliberate intent; negligence cannot support liability
B.Fault is presumed at the level of ordinary negligence unless the tortfeasor proves the absence of fault
C.Fault is irrelevant in every damages case because all civil liability is strict
D.A criminal conviction conclusively establishes fault and is required before civil proceedings
Explanation: The general fault-based rule presumes ordinary negligence, leaving the alleged tortfeasor to rebut fault. Strict-liability regimes exist for particular risks, but they do not convert every damages claim into strict liability.
3For derivative acquisition of ownership of Croatian immovable property by legal transaction, which two elements are ordinarily required?
A.A valid legal basis (titulus) and acquisition by entry in the land register (modus)
B.Delivery of the keys and payment of the entire purchase price
C.A cadastral change and possession for one year
D.A notarized contract and tax assessment, without land-register entry
Explanation: A valid transaction supplies the legal basis, while land-register entry is ordinarily the mode of derivative acquisition of immovable ownership. Possession, payment and cadastral data can matter, but they do not replace the required proprietary entry.
4In a true owner’s action for recovery (rei vindicatio), which proposition must the claimant establish rather than relying only on earlier possession?
A.That the claimant owns the individually identified thing and the defendant possesses it without a right effective against the claimant
B.Only that the defendant unlawfully disturbed the claimant's last peaceful possession within the possessory-action period
C.Only that the claimant was the last possessor, even if the defendant proves a stronger right to possess
D.Only that the defendant lacks registered title, without the claimant proving the claimant's own ownership
Explanation: Rei vindicatio protects ownership, so the claimant must prove title to the identified thing and confront the possessor's asserted right to retain it. A possessory action instead centers on the prior state of possession and disturbance.
5Which transaction falls outside a commercial proxy holder's ordinary prokura unless special authority is granted?
A.Entering a routine supply agreement within the company's business
B.Representing the company in litigation connected with its business
C.Alienating or encumbering the company's immovable property
D.Collecting a due trade receivable on the company's behalf
Explanation: Prokura is broad commercial authority but does not by itself authorize alienation or encumbrance of immovable property. That transaction requires the specifically granted authority recognized by the Companies Act.
6Which set lists the core structural parts of a written Croatian civil judgment?
A.Introduction, operative part (izreka), reasoning, and instruction on the legal remedy
B.Claim form, evidence index, settlement offer, and enforcement request
C.Operative part and judge's signature only; reasons are never part of a written judgment
D.Hearing transcript, expert report, closing submissions, and court-fee invoice
Explanation: A civil judgment is organized around an introduction, the binding operative part, reasons, and remedy instruction. Materials from the case file may support the judgment but are not substitutes for its required structure.
7A properly served defendant does not answer the claim. Which additional inquiry is essential before the civil court may enter a default judgment (presuda zbog ogluhe)?
A.Whether the claimant agrees to waive all interest and costs
B.Whether the asserted facts support the requested relief and are not contradicted by the claimant's own evidence or generally known facts
C.Whether the defendant has ever defaulted in another civil case
D.Whether the claim could instead be resolved by mandatory arbitration
Explanation: Failure to respond does not make every pleaded legal conclusion automatically correct. The court checks the statutory conditions, including whether the pleaded facts support the claim and are not undermined by the material before it.
8What is the general allocation of the burden of alleging and proving material facts in Croatian civil litigation?
A.The claimant bears the burden for every disputed fact, including facts supporting the defendant's independent objections
B.Each party bears the burden for facts supporting its claims or objections, subject to statutory exceptions
C.The defendant bears the burden for every disputed fact once an answer contesting the claim is filed
D.The court bears the entire burden of developing facts and evidence because the parties need only state the relief sought
Explanation: The adversarial starting point is that each party supplies facts and proof for the legal position it advances. Specific presumptions and statutory exceptions can shift practical burdens, but there is no universal burden on one side.
9What is the starting definition of matrimonial property (bračna stečevina) under Croatian family law?
A.All property either spouse owned before marriage, regardless of later contributions
B.Property acquired through the spouses' work during the marital community or derived from that property
C.Only immovable property registered in both spouses' names in equal shares
D.Only household goods purchased from a joint bank account
Explanation: Bračna stečevina is principally property acquired by work during the marital community and property originating from it. Registration in one name or use of separate bank accounts does not alone settle its matrimonial character.
10Who belongs to the first statutory order of inheritance when a decedent leaves a spouse and descendants?
A.The spouse alone, because descendants enter only if there is no surviving spouse
B.The descendants alone, while the spouse receives only a compulsory share
C.The spouse and descendants, who inherit in equal shares subject to representation among descendants
D.The spouse, parents, and siblings, all in equal shares
Explanation: The decedent's descendants and surviving spouse form the first inheritance order and share equally at the relevant branch level. Representation preserves the share of a predeceased descendant for that descendant's line.

About the Pravosudni ispit Exam

The Pravosudni ispit is Croatia's state judicial examination. It is also the examination required for admission to the Roll of Advocates; the Hrvatska odvjetnička komora does not administer a separate attorney-trainee or bar examination. Eligibility varies by route: specified judicial, attorney and notary trainees may qualify after at least 18 months subject to statutory practice conditions, while other legal work routes require longer experience. The Act provides that the examination is taken in Croatian using the Latin script, so officialLanguages records 'hr'. This independent English-language MCQ bank reviews current official-source topics while preserving Croatian legal terms. It is not an official translation, does not reproduce the three drafting assignments or oral examination, and does not claim official alignment.

Exam sponsor: Ministarstvo pravosuđa, uprave i digitalne transformacije (MPUDT). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

The written part contains civil, criminal and administrative assignments based on concrete files. Candidates meeting all three written minima proceed to an oral examination in five subjects: civil/commercial; civil procedure/family; criminal/criminal procedure; administrative/labor; and constitutional organization/EU law.

Time Limit

Each written assignment may last up to 6 hours; the current rule does not set a fixed shorter 5/5/3-hour pattern.

Passing Score

Written maxima/minima are civil 10/6, criminal 10/6 and administrative 5/3. Each oral subject is scored out of 15 and requires at least 8. One oral subject below 8 leads to a supplementary examination; two or more below 8 require a repeat examination, while the written scores are retained.

Exam / Certification Fees

€339 for the full examination; €238 for an oral repeat; €153 for a single-subject supplementary examination.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

20% of this local bank

Civil, obligations, property and company law

Contract validity, civil liability, property acquisition and commercial authority. This is a local study cluster, not an official weight.

20% of this local bank

Civil procedure, family and inheritance law

Judgments, proof, default procedure, matrimonial property and intestate succession. This is a local study cluster, not an official weight.

20% of this local bank

Criminal and criminal-procedure law

Self-defense, intent, attempt, illegal evidence and the presumption of innocence. This is a local study cluster, not an official weight.

20% of this local bank

Administrative and labor law

Administrative-decision structure and review, employment duration, dismissal and judicial protection. This is a local study cluster, not an official weight.

20% of this local bank

Constitutional organization and EU law

Independent justice institutions, EU regulations, primacy and preliminary references. This is a local study cluster, not an official weight.

Preparing for the Pravosudni ispit Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Written maxima/minima are civil 10/6, criminal 10/6 and administrative 5/3. Each oral subject is scored out of 15 and requires at least 8. One oral subject below 8 leads to a supplementary examination; two or more below 8 require a repeat examination, while the written scores are retained.
  • Assessment: The written part contains civil, criminal and administrative assignments based on concrete files. Candidates meeting all three written minima proceed to an oral examination in five subjects: civil/commercial; civil procedure/family; criminal/criminal procedure; administrative/labor; and constitutional organization/EU law.
  • Time limit: Each written assignment may last up to 6 hours; the current rule does not set a fixed shorter 5/5/3-hour pattern.
  • Exam / certification fees: €339 for the full examination; €238 for an oral repeat; €153 for a single-subject supplementary examination. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

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Pravosudni ispit: Suggested Study Strategy

1Practice producing reasoned civil, criminal and administrative documents from case files; MCQ recall does not replace that skill.
2Organize revision around the Ministry's five oral subjects and its current source list rather than memorizing obsolete amendment numbers.
3For procedural questions, distinguish a remedy's admissibility, deadline, suspensive effect and the deciding body.
4Explain Croatian doctrines using their exact local terms—such as ništetnost, pobojnost and nužna obrana—before comparing them.
5Check MPUDT's source list before the sitting because it is periodically updated.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who administers the Pravosudni ispit?

MPUDT administers the state examination and the Minister appoints a five-member examination commission. HOK does not administer a separate Croatian bar examination.

What is the official assessment format?

Candidates complete three file-based written assignments—civil, criminal and administrative—and then an oral examination in five subjects. Each written assignment may last up to six hours.

What are the pass requirements?

The candidate needs at least 6/10 in civil work, 6/10 in criminal work and 3/5 in administrative work, then at least 8/15 in every oral subject. The current law does not add a 55/100 aggregate pass threshold.

What happens after an insufficient oral score?

One subject below 8 leads to a supplementary examination in that subject. Two or more subjects below 8 require a repeat examination, but the written scores are retained.

How does this bank relate to the official examination?

It is independent English-language MCQ study for the named examination's legal topics. The official assessment is in Croatian and includes drafting and oral performance, so this bank is neither an official translation nor an official-format simulation.