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100+ Free Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) Practice Questions

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Key Facts: Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) Exam

3 hours

Exam Duration

General Legal Council

50%

Passing Mark

General Legal Council

Act 176

Key Tort Statute

Ghana Legislation

GHS 22,415

PLC Part I Tuition & Exam Fees

Ghana School of Law

Common Law

Primary Source of Tort Rules

General Legal Council

The Law of Torts exam is a core assessment in the Professional Law Course (PLC) at the Ghana School of Law. Administered by the Independent Examinations Committee (IEC) on behalf of the GLC, the exam requires a 50% passing score. It evaluates candidates on civil liability principles, negligence, intentional trespass, nuisance, strict liability, defamation, and statutory provisions under Act 176.

Sample Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which of the following best distinguishes an action in the law of torts from a criminal prosecution under Ghanaian law?
A.A tort action seeks to compensate the victim through civil damages on a balance of probabilities, whereas a criminal prosecution seeks to punish the offender beyond a reasonable doubt
B.A tort action is initiated by the Attorney-General on behalf of the state, whereas criminal prosecutions are always private
C.Torts require proof of a written statutory code for liability, whereas crimes are based entirely on unwritten common law rules
D.Torts always require proof of a specific intent to cause physical injury, whereas crimes only require proof of negligence
Explanation: In Ghana, a civil action in tort aims to compensate the injured party (plaintiff) through damages, and the standard of proof is the civil standard (balance of probabilities). Criminal prosecutions are brought by the State (or private prosecutors in limited cases) to punish offenders, and the standard of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt under the Evidence Act, 1975 (NRCD 323).
2The principle of 'damnum sine injuria' is best illustrated by which of the following scenarios?
A.A merchant opens a shop near an existing shop and attracts all its customers through lower prices, causing economic loss to the first shopkeeper without violating any legal right
B.An individual physically trespasses onto another's land but causes no tangible damage or physical harm to the property
C.A driver negligently hits a pedestrian, causing severe physical injuries and subsequent loss of earnings
D.A local authority lawfully arrests a suspect under a valid warrant, causing them temporary emotional distress
Explanation: 'Damnum sine injuria' means damage or loss (damnum) occurred without a legal injury (injuria) that is actionable in law. As seen in the Gloucester Grammar School Case, ordinary business competition causing economic loss is not a legal wrong because no legal right of the plaintiff has been violated.
3Which of the following legal concepts represents 'injuria sine damno' and is actionable per se under common law in Ghana?
A.Trespass to land
B.Negligence causing pure economic loss
C.Private nuisance causing personal discomfort
D.Negligent misstatement causing financial damage
Explanation: 'Injuria sine damno' refers to a legal injury or infringement of a right without actual physical or pecuniary damage. Trespass to land is actionable per se, meaning the plaintiff can succeed in their claim simply by proving the unauthorized entry, without needing to show any physical damage to the property.
4To successfully raise the defense of voluntary assumption of risk (volenti non fit injuria), what must the defendant establish?
A.That the plaintiff had full knowledge of the nature and extent of the risk and voluntarily agreed, either expressly or impliedly, to waive their legal rights
B.That the plaintiff was contributorily negligent and failed to take reasonable care for their own safety
C.That the defendant warned the plaintiff of the risk, regardless of whether the plaintiff understood or accepted it
D.That the risk was an act of God that could not have been avoided by any human intervention
Explanation: The defense of 'volenti non fit injuria' is a complete defense requiring proof of two elements: first, that the plaintiff had full subjective knowledge and appreciation of the risk (sciens); and second, that they voluntarily agreed to run the risk, waiving their right to sue (volens).
5In the context of 'volenti non fit injuria', how do Ghanaian and common law courts treat a plaintiff who is injured while acting as a rescuer?
A.The defense of volenti does not apply to rescuers because their intervention is deemed a moral and legal duty, making their consent non-voluntary
B.Rescuers are automatically barred from recovery because they knowingly and voluntarily ran into danger
C.Rescuers can only recover if they are professional emergency workers, such as police officers or firefighters
D.Volenti applies to rescuers only if the rescue attempt was ultimately unsuccessful in saving lives
Explanation: Under established common law principles followed in Ghana (such as Haynes v. Harwood), the defense of volenti non fit injuria does not apply to a rescuer. The law recognizes that a rescuer's action is an instinctive response to a dangerous situation created by the defendant's negligence, meaning their choice is not voluntary in the legal sense.
6Under what circumstances can a defendant successfully rely on the defense of private necessity to justify an interference with another's property?
A.When the interference was necessary to prevent a greater harm to the defendant's own person or property, though they remain liable for any actual damage caused
B.When the interference was authorized by a local municipal authority for the economic benefit of the community
C.When the defendant can prove that they acted out of goodwill to improve the plaintiff's property without their express consent
D.When the plaintiff has previously committed a minor trespass against the defendant's property
Explanation: Private necessity is a partial defense that justifies entry or interference with another's property to prevent a greater harm to the defendant's own interest. However, as established in Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co., the defendant must compensate the plaintiff for any actual damage caused during the emergency.
7A statutory body is authorized by an Act of Parliament in Ghana to construct a railway line. During its operation, sparks from the train cause a fire on adjacent private land. Under what condition will the statutory body be held liable in tort?
A.Only if the plaintiff can prove that the statutory body performed its duties negligently
B.Automatically, because the defense of statutory authority does not apply to fire damage
C.Only if the statute did not explicitly mention that sparks might be emitted
D.Never, because statutory authority provides an absolute immunity regardless of negligence
Explanation: Statutory authority is a defense where the legislature authorizes the performance of an act that would otherwise be a tort. However, this defense is qualified: the statutory body must exercise the authority without negligence. If the statutory duty or power is carried out negligently, the body remains liable.
8For a defendant to successfully raise the defense of 'Act of God' (vis major) under Ghanaian tort law, what must be demonstrated regarding the event?
A.The event was an extraordinary operation of natural forces, completely free from human agency, that could not have been foreseen or guarded against
B.The event was a sudden and unexpected mechanical failure of the defendant's machinery
C.The event was an civil riot or war that forced the defendant to breach their duty of care
D.The event was a heavy rainfall of a magnitude that occurs regularly during the annual wet season
Explanation: The defense of 'Act of God' requires the event to be due to natural causes without human intervention, and of such an extraordinary and unprecedented nature that it could not have been anticipated or prevented by reasonable care. Regular seasonal rainfall, even if heavy, does not qualify.
9How did Section 1 of the Civil Liability Act, 1963 (Act 176) of Ghana alter the common law position regarding the defense of contributory negligence?
A.It abolished the common law rule that contributory negligence is an absolute bar to recovery, replacing it with an apportionment of damages based on the parties' respective degrees of fault
B.It codified contributory negligence as an absolute defense that completely bars the plaintiff from recovering any damages if they are even 1% at fault
C.It shifted the burden of proof, requiring the plaintiff to prove they were entirely free of negligence before filing a claim
D.It restricted the defense of contributory negligence to commercial motor vehicle accidents only
Explanation: Under common law, any contributory negligence by the plaintiff was an absolute bar to recovery. Section 1 of Ghana's Civil Liability Act, 1963 (Act 176) (apportionment of liability in case of contributory negligence) reformed this by providing that the plaintiff's claim shall not be defeated by reason of their own fault, but the damages recoverable shall be reduced to such an extent as the court thinks just and equitable having regard to the plaintiff's share in the responsibility.
10What is the status of the common law 'Last Opportunity Rule' in Ghana following the enactment of the Civil Liability Act, 1963 (Act 176)?
A.It has been effectively abolished, and courts must apply apportionment of fault rather than identifying who had the last opportunity to avoid the harm
B.It remains the primary rule for determining liability in all motor vehicle collision cases
C.It has been modified to apply only where the defendant acted with gross negligence
D.It has been constitutionalized under the 1992 Constitution as a fundamental right of defendants
Explanation: The 'Last Opportunity Rule' was a common law attempt to mitigate the harshness of the absolute bar rule by holding that the party who had the last clear chance to avoid the accident was solely responsible. Following the introduction of apportionment under Act 176, the rule was abolished, and courts now evaluate the joint and respective fault of both parties.

About the Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) Exam

The Law of Torts exam is a terminal qualifying paper for the Professional Law Course (PLC) at the Ghana School of Law, administered by the Independent Examinations Committee (IEC) of the General Legal Council (GLC). It tests the principles of civil liability in Ghana, including general principles of liability, negligence, trespass to person and property, nuisance, strict liability under Rylands v Fletcher, vicarious liability, defamation, occupiers' liability, and statutory rules under the Civil Liability Act, 1963 (Act 176).

Questions

100 scored questions

Time Limit

3 hours

Passing Score

50%

Exam Fee

GHS 22,415 tuition & exam fees / GHS 1,500 registration (General Legal Council (GLC) of Ghana)

Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) Exam Content Outline

15%

General Principles and Defenses

Nature and scope of torts, distinction from crime and contract, actionable damage (damnum sine injuria, injuria sine damno), and general defenses such as consent (volenti), necessity, statutory authority, and Act of God.

25%

Negligence

Foundations of negligence, including duty of care (Donoghue v Stevenson, Caparo framework), standard of care, breach of duty, factual and legal causation, remoteness of damage, psychiatric injury, and pure economic loss.

15%

Trespass to the Person

Elements and case law of intentional interference, including assault, battery, and false imprisonment (under common law and Article 14 of the 1992 Constitution), along with specific defenses like self-defense, discipline, and lawful arrest.

15%

Trespass to Property and Goods

Trespass to land (actionable per se, possession vs ownership, defenses), trespass to goods, conversion (elements and remedies), and detinue (possession rights and specific recovery).

15%

Nuisance and Strict Liability

Private nuisance (unreasonable user, locality, sensitive plaintiffs), public nuisance (special damage requirement), strict liability under Rylands v Fletcher (non-natural user, escape), and liability for animals.

15%

Defamation and Specific Liabilities

Libel and slander, essential elements (defamatory meaning, reference to plaintiff, publication), defenses (justification, fair comment, privilege), vicarious liability (course of employment), and common law occupiers' liability.

How to Pass the Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 50%
  • Exam length: 100 questions
  • Time limit: 3 hours
  • Exam fee: GHS 22,415 tuition & exam fees / GHS 1,500 registration

Keys to Passing

  • Complete 500+ practice questions
  • Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
  • Focus on highest-weighted sections
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Ghana School of Law PLC: Law of Torts (GLC) Study Tips from Top Performers

1Familiarize yourself with seminal Ghanaian cases like Wontumi v Kyeremateng (defamation), R.T. Briscoe v. Kojo (negligence/vicarious liability), and Gligah v. Addu (trespass).
2Understand the statutory apportionment rules under Section 1 of the Civil Liability Act, 1963 (Act 176) and how it abolished the common law absolute defense of contributory negligence.
3Be prepared to apply the Caparo three-stage test for duty of care, alongside older principles from Donoghue v Stevenson, to novel factual problems.
4Distinguish between trespass to land (actionable per se without proof of damage) and actions in private nuisance (which generally require proof of actual damage/unreasonable interference).
5Review the constitutional provisions on personal liberty in Article 14 of the 1992 Constitution as they apply to false imprisonment and unlawful detention cases.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Law of Torts exam?

It is a core qualifying examination in the Professional Law Course (PLC) at the Ghana School of Law, assessing mastery of the principles of civil liability under Ghanaian common law and statutory modifications.

Who administers the Law of Torts exam?

The Independent Examinations Committee (IEC) of the General Legal Council (GLC) of Ghana.

What is the passing score?

The passing mark for the Professional Law Course terminal exams is 50%.

What is the key statute modifying tort law in Ghana?

The Civil Liability Act, 1963 (Act 176) is the key legislation, modifying common law rules on contributory negligence (apportionment) and survival of actions/fatal accidents.

What is the format of the official exam?

The GSL PLC terminal qualifying exam is typically a 3-hour essay-based written exam featuring complex factual problem scenarios and essay questions.