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Basque Country PAU History of Philosophy Examination — UPV/EHU (2º Bachillerato 2026) practice questions are available now; exam metadata is being verified.
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2026 Statistics
Key Facts: Basque PAU Philosophy Exam
90 Min
Official examination time limit at UPV/EHU
UPV/EHU PAU Regulations 2026
4.0 / 10
Minimum grade required in Access Phase to blend with Bachillerato GPA
Spanish University Access Decree
4 Eras
Curricular periods: Ancient, Medieval, Modern, Contemporary
Basque Government Department of Education Syllabus
60% / 40%
Weight of Bachillerato GPA vs PAU Access Phase score
BOE / UPV/EHU Admission Criteria
2 Languages
Official exam languages: Basque (Euskara) and Spanish (Castellano)
UPV/EHU PAU Organising Commission
100
Original MCQ practice items in OpenExamPrep study bank
OpenExamPrep
Basque Country PAU History of Philosophy (UPV/EHU 2026) is a 90-minute university entrance exam assessing 2º Bachillerato syllabus domains.
Sample Basque PAU Philosophy Practice Questions
Try these sample questions to test your Basque PAU Philosophy exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.
1Which Presocratic philosopher identified water (*hydor*) as the fundamental first principle (*arkhé*) of all natural reality, initiating the philosophical transition from mythological narrative to rational explanation (*logos*)?
A.Parmenides of Elea
B.Anaximander of Miletus
C.Thales of Miletus
D.Heraclitus of Ephesus
Explanation: Thales of Miletus is recognized as the first Western philosopher for proposing that water is the foundational material origin (arkhé) of the cosmos. He sought naturalistic explanations for phenomena rather than attributing physical occurrences to divine interventions.
2How does Parmenides' philosophical stance regarding reality and change contrast fundamentally with the cosmology of Heraclitus?
A.Parmenides rejected logical reasoning in favor of mystical experience, whereas Heraclitus established formal syllogistic logic.
B.Parmenides argued that reality is created by sensory perception, whereas Heraclitus argued that reality exists only in human language.
C.Parmenides maintained that true Being is ungenerated, immutable, and continuous, whereas Heraclitus posited that reality is defined by constant change (*panta rhei*) governed by Logos.
D.Parmenides identified fire as the ultimate substance, whereas Heraclitus held that true reality consists of immaterial mathematical forms.
Explanation: Parmenides claimed through logical deduction that Being is one, uncreated, indestructible, and unchangeable, treating motion and plurality as sensory illusions. In contrast, Heraclitus maintained that existence is in perpetual flux ('everything flows'), structured by an underlying rational cosmic law (Logos).
3Which central doctrine of the Pythagorean school exerted a profound influence on Plato's dualistic view of the soul and the structure of reality?
A.The theory that physical atoms collide randomly in empty space without divine purpose.
B.The claim that human laws (*nomos*) are purely subjective conventions with no grounding in nature (*physis*).
C.The belief that number (*arithmos*) is the essence of cosmic order and that the soul undergoes transmigration (*metempsychosis*).
D.The assertion that knowledge is unattainable and that all judgments must be permanently suspended.
Explanation: Pythagoras and his followers held that mathematical proportions constitute the ultimate structure of the cosmos and taught metempsychosis (the immortality and reincarnation of the soul). Plato adopted these ideas in his dualistic division between the soul and body and his mathematical ordering of the Forms.
4In the atomist philosophy of Democritus and Leucippus, how is physical change explained without appealing to divine purpose or teleology?
A.Through the gradual illumination of the human mind by divine reason.
B.Through the cyclical transformation of water into air, fire, and earth.
C.Through the dialectical struggle between immaterial forms and physical shadows.
D.Through the mechanical collisions, entanglements, and separations of indivisible particles (*atoms*) moving in empty space (*void*).
Explanation: Democritus proposed a mechanistic physics where ultimate reality consists of indivisible, unchangeable physical particles (atoms) of varying shapes moving infinitely within empty space (the void). All qualitative physical changes result solely from the quantitative rearrangement and mechanical collisions of these atoms.
5What philosophical position is expressed in Protagoras' famous dictum: 'Man is the measure of all things: of things that are, that they are, and of things that are not, that they are not'?
A.Absolute metaphysical realism.
B.Theological dogmatism.
C.Rationalist dualism.
D.Epistemological and ethical relativism.
Explanation: Protagoras' maxim epitomizes Sophistic relativism, asserting that truth and moral standards are not objective or universal realities but are subjective to individual human perception and cultural conventions (*nomos*).
6What was the primary goal of the Socratic method (*maieutics* or spiritual midwifery)?
A.To teach persuasive rhetoric for winning political debates in the Athenian assembly.
B.To convince students that all moral values are arbitrary constructs created by political rulers.
C.To systematically demonstrate that sensory experience is the sole origin of abstract scientific laws.
D.To guide interlocutors through dialogue to uncover latent, objective truths already within their own minds by examining assumptions.
Explanation: Socrates compared his method to midwifery because he did not impart external dogmatic facts, but rather helped interlocutors 'give birth' to true concepts through critical questioning, refutation of false opinions (elenchus), and self-examination.
7According to Socratic moral intellectualism, why do human beings commit evil or unjust actions?
A.Because human nature is inherently corrupt and driven by unstoppable malevolent desires.
B.Because evil spirits temporarily override human free will.
C.Because of ignorance (*amathia*) of what is truly good, since anyone who genuinely knows the good will act virtuously.
D.Because society imposes unjust legal constraints that force individuals to commit crimes.
Explanation: Socratic moral intellectualism asserts that virtue is knowledge (*arete* = *episteme*). Socrates argued that no one knowingly acts against their own true good; evil actions stem from ignorance or mistaken beliefs regarding what is genuinely beneficial.
8In Plato's metaphysical dualism, what is the fundamental relationship between the World of Forms (*Kosmos Noetos*) and the Sensible World (*Kosmos Aisthetos*)?
A.The Sensible World is the only real realm, while Forms are mere mental abstractions created by human words.
B.Both realms are equally illusory manifestations of an underlying physical atomistic void.
C.The Sensible World is a constantly changing, imperfect copy that participates in (*methexis*) or imitates (*mimesis*) the eternal, immutable Forms.
D.The World of Forms was created by the Sensible World through a process of biological evolution.
Explanation: Plato's dualism posits that perfect, immutable, and eternal essences (Forms or Ideas) reside in the intelligible realm. Physical objects in the sensible realm are dynamic, imperfect material copies that derive their identity by participating in or copying these archetype Forms.
9In Plato's Allegory of the Cave (Republic, Book VII), what does the Sun outside the cave symbolize in terms of metaphysics and epistemology?
A.The Form of the Good, which is the supreme source of truth, reality, and intelligibility for all other Forms.
B.The deceptive power of sensory perception that traps human beings in darkness.
C.The physical energy that powers cosmic atomic collisions.
D.The arbitrary authority of political tyrants over enslaved citizens.
Explanation: In the Allegory of the Cave, the Sun represents the Form of the Good (*Agathon*). Just as the physical sun provides light and enables vision in the sensible world, the Form of the Good illuminates truth and provides existence to all intelligible Forms.
10How does Plato explain human learning in the *Meno* and *Phaedo* through the doctrine of Anamnesis (Reminiscence)?
A.Learning occurs when the mind records sensory impressions onto a blank slate (*tabula rasa*).
B.Learning is an artificial illusion produced by memorizing political propaganda.
C.Learning happens exclusively through divine revelation imparted directly by religious authorities.
D.Learning is the process of the immortal soul recollecting eternal knowledge of the Forms acquired prior to its incarnation in a physical body.
Explanation: Plato's theory of Anamnesis asserts that the soul existed in the intelligible realm before birth, gaining direct knowledge of the Forms. Sensory experiences in the physical world act as triggers that help the embodied soul remember (*anamnesis*) what it previously knew.
About the Basque PAU Philosophy Practice Questions
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