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100+ Free Extremadura PAU Geology and Environmental Sciences Exam Practice Questions
Extremadura PAU Geology and Environmental Sciences Examination — UEx 2026 (Geología y Ciencias Ambientales 2º de Bachillerato) practice questions are available now; exam metadata is being verified.
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Key Facts: Extremadura PAU Geology and Environmental Sciences Exam Exam
Extremadura PAU Geology and Environmental Sciences exam evaluates Earth internal/external dynamics, mineral/water resources, ecosystems, and environmental management for university admission.
Sample Extremadura PAU Geology and Environmental Sciences Exam Practice Questions
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1Which layer of the Earth interior is composed of upper mantle rock that behaves ductily over geological timescales, allowing lithospheric plates to move above it?
A.Asthenosphere
B.Inner core
C.Oceanic crust
D.Mesosphere
Explanation: The asthenosphere is the ductile region of the upper mantle located beneath the rigid lithosphere. High temperatures and pressures cause its rock to deform plastically, facilitating plate motion.
2At which type of tectonic plate boundary is new oceanic crust continuously created by upwelling mantle magmatism?
A.Transform boundary
B.Divergent boundary
C.Ocean-continent convergent boundary
D.Continent-continent collision boundary
Explanation: At divergent plate boundaries, such as mid-ocean ridges, tectonic plates pull apart. Decompression melting of the mantle generates basaltic magma that rises to form new oceanic crust.
3Why are shear seismic waves (S-waves) unable to travel through the Earth liquid outer core?
A.S-waves lack kinetic energy to penetrate deep rock layers
B.S-waves propagate via volume compression, which liquids absorb
C.S-waves require shear rigidity to propagate, which liquids cannot support
D.S-waves travel faster in liquids than P-waves, causing refraction
Explanation: S-waves are transverse waves that deform material through shear stress. Liquids have no shear strength (rigidity modulus = 0), so S-waves cannot propagate through the liquid outer core.
4Which fault type occurs when tensional stress causes the hanging wall block to move downward relative to the footwall block?
A.Normal fault
B.Reverse fault
C.Strike-slip fault
D.Thrust fault
Explanation: A normal fault is produced by extensional (tensional) tectonic stresses. Gravity pulls the hanging wall down relative to the footwall along an inclined fault plane.
5Which fossil evidence was cited by Alfred Wegener to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift?
A.Trilobite fossils found in deep ocean abyssal plains
B.Ammonite shells discovered in high-altitude Alpine limestones
C.Mammoth remains preserved in Siberian permafrost
D.Identical Mesosaurus and Glossopteris fossils on now-separated continents
Explanation: Wegener noted that identical fossils of the freshwater reptile Mesosaurus and the seed fern Glossopteris were found across South America, Africa, Antarctica, and India, proving these landmasses were once joined as Gondwana.
6What is the primary physical factor driving contact (thermal) metamorphism around an intruding igneous batholith?
A.High differential directed stress
B.Elevated temperature from magma heat transfer
C.Hydrothermal fluid percolation from meteoric water
D.Extreme lithostatic confining pressure
Explanation: Contact metamorphism occurs when country rocks are baked by heat conducted from a nearby magma intrusion, producing non-foliated metamorphic rocks like hornfels in an aureole.
7Which mechanical weathering process involves repeated freezing and thawing of water inside rock fractures, forcing rocks to split apart?
A.Gelifraction (frost wedging)
B.Haloclasty (salt weathering)
C.Carbonation
D.Oxidation
Explanation: Gelifraction (or frost wedging) occurs when water enters rock fissures and expands by roughly 9% upon freezing, exerting immense pressure that shatters the surrounding rock mass.
8How do rivers transport dissolved mineral ions derived from chemical weathering?
A.Bedload sliding
B.Suspended load flotation
C.Dissolved load in solution
D.Saltation bouncing
Explanation: Chemical weathering dissolves ions (such as calcium, bicarbonate, and sodium) into water, which rivers transport downstream invisible in true chemical solution as dissolved load.
9Which characteristic landscape feature forms on the surface when subterranean karst cavern roofs collapse?
A.Drumlin
B.Doline (sinkhole)
C.Esker
D.Yardang
Explanation: Dolines (or sinkholes) are circular closed depressions formed in karst terrains either by solution of surface bedrock or collapse of underground cave chambers in limestone.
10In arid and desert environments, what process causes rocks to flake off in thin layers due to extreme daily surface temperature fluctuations?
A.Thermal expansion (exfoliation)
B.Hydrolysis
C.Biological root wedging
D.Dissolution
Explanation: Thermal expansion (or insolation weathering) causes outer rock layers to expand during intense daytime heating and contract at night, generating thermal stresses that lead to exfoliation flaking.
About the Extremadura PAU Geology and Environmental Sciences Exam Practice Questions
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