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100+ Free ATPL Air Law (010) Practice Questions

Pass your EASA ATPL(A) Theoretical Knowledge - Air Law (Subject 010) exam on the first try — instant access, no signup required.

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: ATPL Air Law (010) Exam

44 questions

Subject 010 paper length

EASA AMC1 FCL.310

1 hour

Time allowed

EASA AMC1 FCL.310

75%

Pass mark per subject

EASA Part-FCL

13 subjects

Total ATPL theory subjects

EASA Part-FCL

0 to 6

GRF runway condition code scale

ICAO GRF (from 4 Nov 2021)

18 months

Window to pass all subjects

FCL.025

7 years

Validity of theory passes for ATPL

FCL.025

EASA ATPL(A) Air Law (010) is a 44-question, one-hour computer-based multiple-choice exam sat at a National Aviation Authority test centre, drawn from the European Central Question Bank (ECQB 2026). The pass mark is 75% with no negative marking. It covers international agreements (Chicago Convention, ICAO Annexes, freedoms of the air, Warsaw/Montreal awareness), airworthiness and registration (Annex 8, Annex 7, single-State registration), personnel licensing (Annex 1, Part-FCL), the Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA right-of-way, VMC minima of 5 km below FL100 and 8 km above, special VFR, light signals, transponder codes 7500/7600/7700), air traffic services and airspace classes A-G with their separation services, altimeter setting procedures (QNH/QFE, transition altitude/level), aerodromes under Annex 14 (markings, lighting, declared distances TORA/TODA/ASDA/LDA), the Global Reporting Format runway condition code 0-6, search and rescue (Annex 12), security (Annex 17), facilitation (Annex 9), and accident investigation (Annex 13). FCL.025 allows 4 attempts per subject across 6 sittings, with all passes within 18 months.

Sample ATPL Air Law (010) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your ATPL Air Law (010) exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which international agreement, signed in 1944, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and provides the foundation for the Annexes on which EASA Air Law is built?
A.The Warsaw Convention
B.The Paris Convention of 1919
C.The Tokyo Convention
D.The Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention)
Explanation: The Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed in Chicago on 7 December 1944, created ICAO and gave rise to the 19 Annexes that codify Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs).
2In ICAO terminology, a specification whose uniform application is recognised as necessary for safety and to which Contracting States must conform (or file a difference) is called a:
A.Recommended Practice
B.Procedure for Air Navigation Services
C.Standard
D.Regional Supplementary Procedure
Explanation: A Standard uses 'shall' and is mandatory; States that cannot comply must notify ICAO of the difference under Article 38 of the Chicago Convention.
3Which ICAO Annex contains the 'Rules of the Air', the substance of which is implemented in Europe by the Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA)?
A.Annex 1
B.Annex 11
C.Annex 6
D.Annex 2
Explanation: ICAO Annex 2 sets out the Rules of the Air; SERA (Regulation (EU) No 923/2012) implements these rules across EASA Member States.
4The privilege of an airline to carry traffic between two foreign States as part of a service originating or ending in its own State is known as which freedom of the air?
A.Third freedom
B.Fourth freedom
C.Fifth freedom
D.Sixth freedom
Explanation: The fifth freedom is the right to carry traffic between two foreign countries on a route that originates or terminates in the carrier's home State.
5Which convention modernised and unified the rules on international carrier liability for death/injury of passengers and damage to baggage and cargo, largely replacing the Warsaw system?
A.The Montreal Convention 1999
B.The Rome Convention 1952
C.The Geneva Convention 1948
D.The Tokyo Convention 1963
Explanation: The Montreal Convention 1999 consolidated and updated the Warsaw regime, introducing a two-tier liability system for passenger death or injury.
6According to the Chicago Convention, an aircraft engaged in international air navigation must carry which document attesting that it conforms to an approved type design and is in a condition for safe operation?
A.Certificate of Registration
B.Noise Certificate
C.Radio Station Licence
D.Certificate of Airworthiness
Explanation: The Certificate of Airworthiness, required by Article 31, attests the aircraft conforms to its approved design and is safe to operate; ICAO Annex 8 sets the airworthiness standards.
7Under the Chicago Convention, an aircraft may be validly registered in:
A.As many States as the operator chooses
B.Any State of the European Union simultaneously
C.The State of the operator and the State of the manufacturer
D.Only one State at a time
Explanation: Article 18 provides that an aircraft cannot be validly registered in more than one State, although its registration may be changed from one State to another.
8Which ICAO Annex establishes the Standards for the licensing of flight crew, and is implemented in Europe by Part-FCL?
A.Annex 1 - Personnel Licensing
B.Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft
C.Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft
D.Annex 7 - Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks
Explanation: Annex 1 sets the licensing Standards for personnel; in the EASA system these are implemented through Part-FCL of Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011.
9Under Part-FCL, the validity of a single-pilot single-engine class rating (e.g. SEP land) is normally:
A.12 months
B.60 months
C.36 months
D.24 months
Explanation: FCL.740.A specifies that single-pilot single-engine class ratings such as SEP(land) are valid for 24 months.
10ICAO nationality and registration marks must be painted, affixed and maintained in accordance with which Annex?
A.Annex 7
B.Annex 8
C.Annex 9
D.Annex 10
Explanation: ICAO Annex 7 governs aircraft nationality and registration marks, including their position, size and display.

About the ATPL Air Law (010) Exam

Air Law (Subject 010) is one of the 13 EASA ATPL(A) theoretical-knowledge subjects that pilots must pass to hold an Airline Transport Pilot Licence. It tests the legal framework of international and European aviation: the Chicago Convention and ICAO Annexes, the Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA), air traffic services and airspace, aerodromes, and accident investigation. The exam is a 44-question computer-based multiple-choice paper of one hour, drawn from the European Central Question Bank (current release ECQB 2026). The pass mark is 75% with no negative marking.

Questions

44 scored questions

Time Limit

1 hour (60 minutes)

Passing Score

75% per subject

Exam Fee

Varies by NAA, approximately EUR 60-130 per subject sitting (EASA via National Aviation Authorities (computer-based, LPLUS TestStudio at many centres))

ATPL Air Law (010) Exam Content Outline

18%

International Air Law & ICAO Framework

Chicago Convention 1944, sovereignty over territory (Art 1), the 19 ICAO Annexes and the Standard/Recommended-Practice distinction, freedoms of the air, the Transit and Transport Agreements, and Warsaw/Montreal Convention carrier-liability awareness

14%

Airworthiness, Registration & Licensing

Certificate of Airworthiness (Annex 8) and Certificate of Registration (Annex 7) with single-State registration (Art 18), nationality and registration marks, Annex 1 personnel licensing implemented by Part-FCL, Part-MED Class 1 validity, and the EASA Basic Regulation

24%

Rules of the Air (SERA)

Converging, head-on and overtaking right-of-way (SERA.3210), the category hierarchy, VMC visibility and distance-from-cloud minima (SERA.5001 Table S5-1), special VFR within a CTR (SERA.5010), light and ground signals, minimum heights (SERA.5005), lights, and transponder codes 7500/7600/7700

22%

Air Traffic Services & Airspace

Airspace classes A-G and the services and separation each provides, ATC clearances and clearance limits (PANS-ATM), FIR and CTR structure, ATS objectives (Annex 11), altimeter setting procedures and the transition altitude/level/layer, and flight-plan submission

12%

Aerodromes (Annex 14) & GRF

Runway and taxiway markings and lighting colours, displaced thresholds and closed-runway crosses, declared distances (TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA), PAPI indications, and the Global Reporting Format runway condition code (RWYCC 0-6) with the RCAM and updated SNOWTAM

10%

Accident Investigation, SAR, Security & Facilitation

Annex 13 sole objective of accident prevention, State of Occurrence responsibility and accredited representatives, accident versus serious incident, Final Report timing, Annex 12 search and rescue, Annex 17 security, and Annex 9 facilitation

How to Pass the ATPL Air Law (010) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 75% per subject
  • Exam length: 44 questions
  • Time limit: 1 hour (60 minutes)
  • Exam fee: Varies by NAA, approximately EUR 60-130 per subject sitting

Keys to Passing

  • Complete 500+ practice questions
  • Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
  • Focus on highest-weighted sections
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

ATPL Air Law (010) Study Tips from Top Performers

1Memorise the SERA.5001 VMC minima: 5 km visibility below 3050 m and 8 km at/above 3050 m AMSL, both with 1500 m horizontal and 300 m (1000 ft) vertical cloud separation; learn the 1500 m clear-of-cloud Class F/G low-level concession
2Learn the three transponder codes cold: 7500 unlawful interference, 7600 communication failure, 7700 emergency - they appear in both Air Law and Communications
3Drill the SERA.3210 right-of-way rules: converging give way to the aircraft on your right, head-on both turn right, overtaking aircraft alter heading to the right, and the category hierarchy (power-driven gives way to towing, then airships, gliders, balloons)
4Know the airspace classes A-G by the service provided: Class A is IFR-only with full separation; Class C separates VFR from IFR and gives traffic information on VFR; Classes E/F/G need no VFR clearance
5Memorise the Global Reporting Format scale: RWYCC 6 dry, 5 wet, 4 compacted snow, 1 ice, 0 wet ice - and that it is reported via the RCAM and updated SNOWTAM
6For Annex 13, remember the sole objective is accident prevention (not blame), the State of Occurrence leads the investigation, and the Final Report target is within 12 months
7Lock down altimetry: QNH reads altitude (aerodrome elevation on the ground), QFE reads height (zero at the datum), 1013.25 hPa for flight levels, and the transition layer sits between the transition altitude and transition level

Frequently Asked Questions

How many questions are on the EASA ATPL Air Law (010) exam and how long is it?

Subject 010 Air Law is a single computer-based paper of 44 multiple-choice questions with a time allowance of 1 hour (60 minutes). Each question has four options with one correct answer, and there is no negative marking. The questions are drawn from the European Central Question Bank (current release ECQB 2026).

What is the pass mark for ATPL Air Law (010)?

The pass mark is 75% per subject, the same as for all 13 EASA ATPL(A) theoretical-knowledge subjects. There is no negative marking, so unanswered or wrong answers simply score zero without penalty. You must reach 75% to pass subject 010.

What topics does ATPL Air Law cover?

Air Law covers international agreements (Chicago Convention, ICAO Annexes, freedoms of the air), airworthiness and registration, personnel licensing (Annex 1/Part-FCL), the Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA), air traffic services and airspace classes A-G, aerodromes (Annex 14), the Global Reporting Format, search and rescue, security, and accident investigation (Annex 13).

What are the EASA rules on attempts and sittings for ATPL theory?

Under FCL.025 a candidate has a maximum of 4 attempts per subject and a maximum of 6 sittings to pass all subjects. All subject passes must be achieved within 18 months from the end of the calendar month of the first attempt, and the complete set of passes is valid for 7 years toward ATPL issue.

What are the SERA VMC minima I need to remember for 010?

At and above 3050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL the VMC minima are 8 km flight visibility with 1500 m horizontal and 300 m (1000 ft) vertical distance from cloud. Below 3050 m the visibility requirement is 5 km with the same cloud distances; a 1500 m concession (clear of cloud, surface in sight) applies in Class F/G at low level and low speed.

What is the Global Reporting Format (GRF) tested in Air Law?

Since 4 November 2021 aerodromes report runway surface conditions using the GRF. The Runway Condition Code (RWYCC) runs from 0 (most slippery, e.g. wet ice) to 6 (dry), derived using the Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM) and disseminated to crews via an updated SNOWTAM and ATIS.

Is the EASA ATPL Air Law exam multiple choice?

Yes. Air Law (010), like all EASA ATPL theory subjects, is a multiple-choice exam delivered on computer at an approved NAA test centre (LPLUS TestStudio is common). Each question presents four options with a single correct answer, and you select the best answer within the 60-minute time limit.