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Key Facts: BY Abitur Informatik gA Exam

255 minutes

gA Informatik working time including task-selection time

ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik (Stand November 2025)

4 offered / 3 completed

Task choice in the written gA exam; 30 Bewertungseinheiten per task

ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik (Stand November 2025)

11.05.2026

2026 exam date for 'alle weiteren Abiturprüfungsfächer – grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau', including Informatik gA

KM Bayern, Abiturprüfung 2026 Terminplan

Java / Python

Object-oriented languages used in the ISB model solutions (cover sheet names the permitted language(s)); code is written on paper

ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik

AFB II

Emphasis of the written exam; AFB I weighted more strongly than AFB III

ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik

300 / 900

Minimum Gesamtqualifikation for the Allgemeine Hochschulreife (coursework up to 600, exam block up to 300)

KM Bayern, Abiturprüfung 2026

100

Original English MCQ study items in this bank (not official format)

OpenExamPrep

BY Abitur Informatik gA is a constructed-response written exam (4 tasks offered, 3 completed, 30 BE each, 255 min incl. selection time; 2026 date: 11.05.2026)—not MCQ. Topics per LehrplanPLUS Q-phase: OOP, Liste/Binärbaum/Graph, Rekursion, Automaten, Registermaschine, Komplexität, Nebenläufigkeit, Sicherheit, KI. This free English MCQ bank is a study adaptation only.

Sample BY Abitur Informatik gA Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the BY Abitur Informatik gA exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In object-oriented programming, what does the principle of encapsulation (Kapselung) mean?
A.An object's attributes are kept private and accessed only through its own methods, so its internal state cannot be corrupted from outside
B.A subclass automatically reuses all code of its superclass without rewriting it
C.An object is converted into a string so it can be stored in a file
D.All methods of a class are declared static so no objects need to be created
Explanation: Encapsulation bundles attributes and the methods that operate on them inside one class and hides the internal representation. Outside code must use the public interface (get/set or business methods), which lets the class protect the consistency of its state. This is a core modelling idea throughout LehrplanPLUS from Jgst. 9 onward.
2In a UML class diagram, an association between class A and class B is annotated with the cardinality 1 at A and * at B. What does this express?
A.Each object of B inherits all attributes and methods of A
B.Each object of A is associated with any number of B objects, while each B object is associated with exactly one A object
C.Class A cannot exist without class B because B is a part of A
D.Exactly one object of class A and exactly one object of class B may exist in the whole program
Explanation: Cardinality (Kardinalität) annotations on an association describe how many objects of the opposite class one object can be linked with. A '1 to *' association is the typical one-to-many relationship, e.g. one SKIPASS referencing many LIFTFAHRT objects. The ISB expects cardinalities in class diagrams whenever they follow from the task description.
3In Java, which keyword is used to create a new object of a class, e.g. new SKIPASS("E")?
A.create
B.object
C.new
D.this
Explanation: The keyword new allocates memory for the object and calls the constructor of the class. In the example, new SKIPASS("E") creates a pass object for an adult and returns a reference to it. Java is one of the object-oriented languages named in the ISB model solutions for the written Abitur.
4What is the role of a constructor in a Java class such as SKIPASS?
A.It removes an object from memory when it is no longer referenced
B.It must return an int value reporting whether creation succeeded
C.It is called automatically every time any attribute of the object is read
D.It initializes the new object's attributes when the object is created and bears the same name as the class
Explanation: A constructor runs once per object at creation time, receives initial values as parameters, and assigns them to the attributes. It has no return type and its name equals the class name. In Bavarian class diagrams constructors may be omitted as standard methods, but in implementations you must be able to write them.
5The attribute nummer of class SKIPASS is declared private. What is the consequence?
A.The value can be read from outside the class but never changed after creation
B.Only code within the SKIPASS class itself can access nummer directly; other classes must use methods such as nummerGeben
C.The attribute is visible to all classes in the same file but not to subclasses
D.The attribute exists only once for all SKIPASS objects together
Explanation: private is the strictest Java visibility: direct access is limited to the declaring class. Other objects cooperate with a SKIPASS object by calling its public methods (e.g. nummerGeben()), which is exactly the encapsulation style the ISB model solutions assume with their 'Standardmethoden zum Geben und Setzen'.
6According to the ISB conventions for class diagrams in the written Abitur, getters, setters, constructors and reference attributes may be omitted. Why is this omission acceptable?
A.These standard methods are assumed to exist anyway, so the diagram can focus on the classes, their specific attributes and methods, and the relationships
B.Getters and setters may not be implemented at all in Abitur programs
C.The Java compiler would reject a program whose diagram shows getters and setters
D.Showing all standard methods would be marked as a syntax error by the examiners
Explanation: The ISB 'Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung' state that standard methods for getting and setting attribute values, constructor methods and reference attributes can be left out unless stated otherwise. This keeps diagrams readable and lets the Bewertungseinheiten target the non-trivial modelling decisions. You may still show them; omission is simply not penalized.
7The Bavarian teaching design for a linked list uses the composite pattern (Kompositum): an abstract class KNOTEN with the concrete subclasses DATENKNOTEN and ABSCHLUSS. What is the main advantage of this design?
A.Insertion at the beginning of the list becomes possible without creating any new object
B.All nodes share one memory area, which halves the memory consumption of the list
C.List traversal needs no references between objects, because the pattern replaces them with indexes
D.The end of the list (ABSCHLUSS) and real nodes (DATENKNOTEN) can be treated uniformly through the common superclass, which enables simple recursive methods without special-case handling of the list end
Explanation: With the Kompositum pattern, every list object (a real node or the closing object) responds to the same method calls declared in KNOTEN. Recursive methods can therefore just call e.g. nachfolger.anzahlGeben(); the ABSCHLUSS returns the base value and terminates the recursion. The separation of structure (nodes) and content (DATENELEMENT) additionally makes the structure reusable for any content type.
8In the ski-resort software, JUGENDSKIPASS is modelled as a subclass of SKIPASS ('is a' relationship). Which statement about this inheritance is correct?
A.JUGENDSKIPASS inherits the attributes and methods of SKIPASS and may add or redefine behaviour, while a SKIPASS reference may also point to a JUGENDSKIPASS object
B.JUGENDSKIPASS contains a SKIPASS object as an attribute and forwards every method call to it
C.Every SKIPASS object automatically also becomes a JUGENDSKIPASS object once the subclass is defined
D.Inheritance copies the superclass code into the subclass file, so later changes to SKIPASS have no effect on JUGENDSKIPASS
Explanation: Inheritance (Vererbung) lets a subclass reuse the superclass's state and behaviour and specialize it. Substitutability means a JUGENDSKIPASS can be used wherever a SKIPASS is expected, which is the basis of polymorphism. The 'is a' test distinguishes inheritance from association ('has a').
9A variable of type KNOTEN references a DATENKNOTEN object. A method anzahlGeben() is declared in KNOTEN and overridden in DATENKNOTEN. Which implementation runs when k.anzahlGeben() is called?
A.The KNOTEN version, because the declared type of the variable decides at compile time
B.Both versions run one after the other, superclass first
C.The DATENKNOTEN version, because the actual class of the referenced object decides at runtime (dynamic binding)
D.The call does not compile, because an abstract type cannot be used as a variable type
Explanation: Java uses dynamic binding for overridden instance methods: the object's actual class determines which method body executes, regardless of the reference's declared type. This is what makes the Bavarian list recursion work — LISTE calls methods on KNOTEN references and each concrete node answers in its own way.
10How do objects in an object-oriented system such as the ski-pass software cooperate at runtime?
A.By reading and writing each other's private attributes directly
B.By storing shared information in global variables that every class can reach
C.By copying all their attributes into the calling object before each interaction
D.By calling each other's methods with parameters and receiving return values (message passing)
Explanation: Object-oriented systems work through message passing: one object calls a method of another, passes arguments, and uses the result. In the ski-pass scenario the turnstile software calls a method of the SKIPASS object with the wirelessly transmitted pass number as parameter. This keeps every object's state under its own control.

About the BY Abitur Informatik gA Exam

Informatik at grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau is an official written Prüfungsfach of the 2026 Bavarian Abitur (the first G9 cohort), assigned to the Aufgabenfeld mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlich-technisch. It is not part of the IQB common task pools; tasks are Bavaria-specific, prepared under the aegis of the ISB. The curriculum is LehrplanPLUS Gymnasium Informatik, Qualifikationsphase Jgst. 12/13: lists and binary trees, recursion, concurrent processes and synchronization, system analysis under information-security aspects, finite automata and regular languages, machine-level computing (Registermaschine), practical and theoretical limits of computability, and artificial intelligence—on a foundation of object-oriented modelling and programming from earlier grades. The written exam offers 4 tasks (3 to complete, 30 Bewertungseinheiten each) in 255 minutes. This free bank offers 100 original English MCQs for concept and judgment practice only; it is not an official translation, not a format simulation, and cannot replace German-language constructed-response training or oral (Kolloquium) preparation.

Exam sponsor: Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Unterricht und Kultus (KM Bayern); the Staatsinstitut für Schulqualität und Bildungsforschung (ISB) publishes curricula support, Hinweise and Illustrierende Prüfungsaufgaben. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Per the ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik (Stand November 2025), the gA written exam offers 4 tasks of which 3 must be completed; each task is worth 30 Bewertungseinheiten and focuses on one of four Inhaltsbereiche covering the LehrplanPLUS Lernbereiche of Jgst. 12/13 (the software-project Lernbereich is cross-cutting). Tasks contain graded subtasks across Anforderungsbereiche I–III with emphasis on AFB II. Code is written with pen and paper in the object-oriented language(s) announced on the cover sheet (Java and Python in the ISB model solutions); minor syntax slips are judged leniently. This OpenExamPrep bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation—not an official translation or format simulation—and cannot replace German constructed-response practice.

Time Limit

255 minutes working time including task-selection time (ISB Hinweise). In the 2026 timetable, all further gA written subjects—including Informatik gA—were scheduled for 11.05.2026 (KM Bayern Abitur 2026 Terminplan).

Passing Score

Each task's Bewertungseinheiten (30 per task, 90 total) are converted to Notenpunkte 0–15 via the official Bewertungsraster. For the Allgemeine Hochschulreife, the Gesamtqualifikation must reach at least 300 of 900 points (coursework up to 600, exam block up to 300), per KM Bayern.

Exam / Certification Fees

No per-subject exam fee is published for regular school candidates at public or state-approved Gymnasien in Bavaria; examination is administered through the public-education school pathway.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

22%

Object-Oriented Modelling and Data Structures

Class diagrams, encapsulation, inheritance, Kompositum, singly linked lists, ordered binary trees and graphs—including recursive methods, traversal orders and balanced-tree reasoning.

19%

Rekursion, Algorithms and Complexity

Recursive thinking with base cases and termination, traces and call sequences, O-notation, searching and sorting complexities, divide and conquer, exponential growth and the Halteproblem as practical and theoretical limits.

18%

Formale Sprachen, Automaten and Registermaschine

DEA definitions and acceptance traces, regular languages and their limits, and machine-level programming with the ISB instruction set, jumps and the fetch–decode–execute cycle.

14%

Nebenläufigkeit and Informationssicherheit

Race conditions, mutual exclusion, deadlocks and Coffman conditions; Schutzziele, symmetric and asymmetric encryption (Caesar, Vigenère, RSA ideas) and hashing.

12%

Künstliche Intelligenz and Data Modelling

Supervised learning, k-NN, perceptrons with threshold logic, overfitting, AI opportunities and risks for society; ER modelling and simple SQL as presupposed foundations.

15%

Exam Format, Hilfsmittel and Anforderungsbereiche

gA structure (4 offered / 3 completed, 30 BE, 255 min), permitted aids, pen-and-paper code conventions, AFB I–III weighting, and the 600/300-point Gesamtqualifikation.

Preparing for the BY Abitur Informatik gA Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Each task's Bewertungseinheiten (30 per task, 90 total) are converted to Notenpunkte 0–15 via the official Bewertungsraster. For the Allgemeine Hochschulreife, the Gesamtqualifikation must reach at least 300 of 900 points (coursework up to 600, exam block up to 300), per KM Bayern.
  • Assessment: Per the ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik (Stand November 2025), the gA written exam offers 4 tasks of which 3 must be completed; each task is worth 30 Bewertungseinheiten and focuses on one of four Inhaltsbereiche covering the LehrplanPLUS Lernbereiche of Jgst. 12/13 (the software-project Lernbereich is cross-cutting). Tasks contain graded subtasks across Anforderungsbereiche I–III with emphasis on AFB II. Code is written with pen and paper in the object-oriented language(s) announced on the cover sheet (Java and Python in the ISB model solutions); minor syntax slips are judged leniently. This OpenExamPrep bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation—not an official translation or format simulation—and cannot replace German constructed-response practice.
  • Time limit: 255 minutes working time including task-selection time (ISB Hinweise). In the 2026 timetable, all further gA written subjects—including Informatik gA—were scheduled for 11.05.2026 (KM Bayern Abitur 2026 Terminplan).
  • Exam / certification fees: No per-subject exam fee is published for regular school candidates at public or state-approved Gymnasien in Bavaria; examination is administered through the public-education school pathway. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
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BY Abitur Informatik gA: Suggested Study Strategy

1Train pen-and-paper implementations of the Bavarian list and tree patterns (LISTE/KNOTEN/ABSCHLUSS, BINBAUM/BAUMELEMENT) until insertion, search, counting and filtered sorted output are automatic—recursion is the exam's default expectation.
2Practice traces systematically: recursive call sequences (Aufrufsequenz), DEA acceptance runs, register-machine programs. Write intermediate values in a table, exactly as the Erwartungshorizont rewards.
3Learn O-classes by scaling arguments: doubling n does what to O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n²), O(2ⁿ)? This converts most complexity questions into arithmetic.
4Memorize the four Coffman conditions and rehearse mapping each deadlock-prevention idea (resource ordering, withdrawal, all-or-nothing requests) to the condition it eliminates.
5For automata, always state what each state 'remembers' (e.g. parity, remainder mod 3, last symbol seen); this turns construction and limit questions (aⁿbⁿ) into short reasoned answers.
6Drill the security vocabulary—Vertraulichkeit, Integrität, Verfügbarkeit, Authentizität—and one concrete mechanism per goal (encryption, hash, redundancy, signature).
7Work through the official ISB Illustrierende Prüfungsaufgaben gA in German under 255-minute conditions; use this MCQ bank for concept checks, terminology and quick judgment drills only.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the official Bavarian Informatik Abitur a multiple-choice test?

No. The written gA exam consists of constructed-response tasks with subtasks (modelling, implementation, explanation, traces). This bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation only and cannot replace those formats.

How long is the gA Informatik exam and how is it structured?

Per the ISB Hinweise (Stand November 2025): 255 minutes including task-selection time; 4 tasks are offered, 3 must be completed, each worth 30 Bewertungseinheiten. In 2026, Informatik gA sat on 11.05.2026 ('alle weiteren Abiturprüfungsfächer – grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau', KM Bayern).

Which programming language is used?

The permitted object-oriented language(s) are announced on the cover sheet; the ISB model solutions use Java and Python. Code is written with pen and paper—no computer—and simple syntax errors are assessed leniently.

Which aids (Hilfsmittel) are allowed?

The ministry-approved document of mathematical formulas, an approved mathematical-scientific formula collection (collections containing the old math Merkhilfe are no longer permitted in Informatik G9), a regulation-compliant scientific calculator, and a German spelling dictionary. No internet-capable devices.

Which topics does the gA exam cover?

Four Inhaltsbereiche covering the LehrplanPLUS Jgst. 12/13 Lernbereiche: object-oriented modelling and data structures (Liste, Binärbaum, Graph), Rekursion, nebenläufige Prozesse, system analysis/Informationssicherheit, endliche Automaten and reguläre Sprachen, Registermaschine, Grenzen der Berechenbarkeit, and Künstliche Intelligenz. The software-project Lernbereich is cross-cutting.

Is Informatik part of the IQB common task pool?

No. In Bavaria the IQB pool tasks apply to Deutsch, Mathematik, Englisch, Französisch (since 2017) and Biologie, Chemie, Physik (since 2025). Informatik tasks are Bavaria-specific; the ISB publishes Illustrierende Prüfungsaufgaben to illustrate structure and level.

How does the subject count toward passing the Abitur?

Task points become Notenpunkte via the Bewertungsraster. Overall, coursework (Block I) counts up to 600 and the exam block (Block II) up to 300 of 900 points; the Allgemeine Hochschulreife requires at least 300 points total (KM Bayern).