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2026 Statistics
Key Facts: BY Abitur Informatik gA Exam
255 minutes
gA Informatik working time including task-selection time
ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik (Stand November 2025)
4 offered / 3 completed
Task choice in the written gA exam; 30 Bewertungseinheiten per task
ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik (Stand November 2025)
11.05.2026
2026 exam date for 'alle weiteren Abiturprüfungsfächer – grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau', including Informatik gA
KM Bayern, Abiturprüfung 2026 Terminplan
Java / Python
Object-oriented languages used in the ISB model solutions (cover sheet names the permitted language(s)); code is written on paper
ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik
AFB II
Emphasis of the written exam; AFB I weighted more strongly than AFB III
ISB Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung Informatik
300 / 900
Minimum Gesamtqualifikation for the Allgemeine Hochschulreife (coursework up to 600, exam block up to 300)
KM Bayern, Abiturprüfung 2026
100
Original English MCQ study items in this bank (not official format)
OpenExamPrep
BY Abitur Informatik gA is a constructed-response written exam (4 tasks offered, 3 completed, 30 BE each, 255 min incl. selection time; 2026 date: 11.05.2026)—not MCQ. Topics per LehrplanPLUS Q-phase: OOP, Liste/Binärbaum/Graph, Rekursion, Automaten, Registermaschine, Komplexität, Nebenläufigkeit, Sicherheit, KI. This free English MCQ bank is a study adaptation only.
Sample BY Abitur Informatik gA Practice Questions
Try these sample questions to test your BY Abitur Informatik gA exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.
1In object-oriented programming, what does the principle of encapsulation (Kapselung) mean?
A.An object's attributes are kept private and accessed only through its own methods, so its internal state cannot be corrupted from outside
B.A subclass automatically reuses all code of its superclass without rewriting it
C.An object is converted into a string so it can be stored in a file
D.All methods of a class are declared static so no objects need to be created
Explanation: Encapsulation bundles attributes and the methods that operate on them inside one class and hides the internal representation. Outside code must use the public interface (get/set or business methods), which lets the class protect the consistency of its state. This is a core modelling idea throughout LehrplanPLUS from Jgst. 9 onward.
2In a UML class diagram, an association between class A and class B is annotated with the cardinality 1 at A and * at B. What does this express?
A.Each object of B inherits all attributes and methods of A
B.Each object of A is associated with any number of B objects, while each B object is associated with exactly one A object
C.Class A cannot exist without class B because B is a part of A
D.Exactly one object of class A and exactly one object of class B may exist in the whole program
Explanation: Cardinality (Kardinalität) annotations on an association describe how many objects of the opposite class one object can be linked with. A '1 to *' association is the typical one-to-many relationship, e.g. one SKIPASS referencing many LIFTFAHRT objects. The ISB expects cardinalities in class diagrams whenever they follow from the task description.
3In Java, which keyword is used to create a new object of a class, e.g. new SKIPASS("E")?
A.create
B.object
C.new
D.this
Explanation: The keyword new allocates memory for the object and calls the constructor of the class. In the example, new SKIPASS("E") creates a pass object for an adult and returns a reference to it. Java is one of the object-oriented languages named in the ISB model solutions for the written Abitur.
4What is the role of a constructor in a Java class such as SKIPASS?
A.It removes an object from memory when it is no longer referenced
B.It must return an int value reporting whether creation succeeded
C.It is called automatically every time any attribute of the object is read
D.It initializes the new object's attributes when the object is created and bears the same name as the class
Explanation: A constructor runs once per object at creation time, receives initial values as parameters, and assigns them to the attributes. It has no return type and its name equals the class name. In Bavarian class diagrams constructors may be omitted as standard methods, but in implementations you must be able to write them.
5The attribute nummer of class SKIPASS is declared private. What is the consequence?
A.The value can be read from outside the class but never changed after creation
B.Only code within the SKIPASS class itself can access nummer directly; other classes must use methods such as nummerGeben
C.The attribute is visible to all classes in the same file but not to subclasses
D.The attribute exists only once for all SKIPASS objects together
Explanation: private is the strictest Java visibility: direct access is limited to the declaring class. Other objects cooperate with a SKIPASS object by calling its public methods (e.g. nummerGeben()), which is exactly the encapsulation style the ISB model solutions assume with their 'Standardmethoden zum Geben und Setzen'.
6According to the ISB conventions for class diagrams in the written Abitur, getters, setters, constructors and reference attributes may be omitted. Why is this omission acceptable?
A.These standard methods are assumed to exist anyway, so the diagram can focus on the classes, their specific attributes and methods, and the relationships
B.Getters and setters may not be implemented at all in Abitur programs
C.The Java compiler would reject a program whose diagram shows getters and setters
D.Showing all standard methods would be marked as a syntax error by the examiners
Explanation: The ISB 'Hinweise zur schriftlichen Abiturprüfung' state that standard methods for getting and setting attribute values, constructor methods and reference attributes can be left out unless stated otherwise. This keeps diagrams readable and lets the Bewertungseinheiten target the non-trivial modelling decisions. You may still show them; omission is simply not penalized.
7The Bavarian teaching design for a linked list uses the composite pattern (Kompositum): an abstract class KNOTEN with the concrete subclasses DATENKNOTEN and ABSCHLUSS. What is the main advantage of this design?
A.Insertion at the beginning of the list becomes possible without creating any new object
B.All nodes share one memory area, which halves the memory consumption of the list
C.List traversal needs no references between objects, because the pattern replaces them with indexes
D.The end of the list (ABSCHLUSS) and real nodes (DATENKNOTEN) can be treated uniformly through the common superclass, which enables simple recursive methods without special-case handling of the list end
Explanation: With the Kompositum pattern, every list object (a real node or the closing object) responds to the same method calls declared in KNOTEN. Recursive methods can therefore just call e.g. nachfolger.anzahlGeben(); the ABSCHLUSS returns the base value and terminates the recursion. The separation of structure (nodes) and content (DATENELEMENT) additionally makes the structure reusable for any content type.
8In the ski-resort software, JUGENDSKIPASS is modelled as a subclass of SKIPASS ('is a' relationship). Which statement about this inheritance is correct?
A.JUGENDSKIPASS inherits the attributes and methods of SKIPASS and may add or redefine behaviour, while a SKIPASS reference may also point to a JUGENDSKIPASS object
B.JUGENDSKIPASS contains a SKIPASS object as an attribute and forwards every method call to it
C.Every SKIPASS object automatically also becomes a JUGENDSKIPASS object once the subclass is defined
D.Inheritance copies the superclass code into the subclass file, so later changes to SKIPASS have no effect on JUGENDSKIPASS
Explanation: Inheritance (Vererbung) lets a subclass reuse the superclass's state and behaviour and specialize it. Substitutability means a JUGENDSKIPASS can be used wherever a SKIPASS is expected, which is the basis of polymorphism. The 'is a' test distinguishes inheritance from association ('has a').
9A variable of type KNOTEN references a DATENKNOTEN object. A method anzahlGeben() is declared in KNOTEN and overridden in DATENKNOTEN. Which implementation runs when k.anzahlGeben() is called?
A.The KNOTEN version, because the declared type of the variable decides at compile time
B.Both versions run one after the other, superclass first
C.The DATENKNOTEN version, because the actual class of the referenced object decides at runtime (dynamic binding)
D.The call does not compile, because an abstract type cannot be used as a variable type
Explanation: Java uses dynamic binding for overridden instance methods: the object's actual class determines which method body executes, regardless of the reference's declared type. This is what makes the Bavarian list recursion work — LISTE calls methods on KNOTEN references and each concrete node answers in its own way.
10How do objects in an object-oriented system such as the ski-pass software cooperate at runtime?
A.By reading and writing each other's private attributes directly
B.By storing shared information in global variables that every class can reach
C.By copying all their attributes into the calling object before each interaction
D.By calling each other's methods with parameters and receiving return values (message passing)
Explanation: Object-oriented systems work through message passing: one object calls a method of another, passes arguments, and uses the result. In the ski-pass scenario the turnstile software calls a method of the SKIPASS object with the wirelessly transmitted pass number as parameter. This keeps every object's state under its own control.
About the BY Abitur Informatik gA Practice Questions
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