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100+ Free BY Abitur Ethics (gA) Practice Questions

Bavaria Abitur Ethik (grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau) practice questions are available now; exam metadata is being verified.

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: BY Abitur Ethics (gA) Exam

1 of 4 tasks

Candidate's choice in the written Abitur (four proposed tasks; Teilaufgaben with/without text, erörternde and gestalterische elements)

ISB Übersicht Illustrierende Prüfungsaufgaben Ethik (Stand Juli 2025); GSO Anlage (Ethik)

210 min / 100 BE

Working time and maximum Bewertungseinheiten at grundlegendes Anforderungsniveau (eA: 270 min / 120 BE)

ISB Übersicht Illustrierende Prüfungsaufgaben Ethik; GSO Anlage (Ethik)

11 May 2026

Written gA block date for 'alle weiteren Abiturprüfungsfächer' including Ethik (KM Bayern Terminübersicht 2026)

KM Bayern, Aktuelles zur Abiturprüfung 2026

LehrplanPLUS Jgst. 12/13

Curriculum basis of the first G9 Abitur 2026 (Profil- und Leistungsstufe, grundlegend)

lehrplanplus.bayern.de, Gymnasium Ethik 12/13 (grundlegend)

300 / 900

Maximum Abitur points from the five Prüfungsfächer; at least 300 of 900 points required for the Allgemeine Hochschulreife

KM Bayern, Aktuelles zur Abiturprüfung 2026

2 × 15 min

Kolloquium structure in Ethik after 30 minutes of preparation

ISB Übersicht Illustrierende Prüfungsaufgaben Ethik

100

Original English MCQ study items in this bank (not official format)

OpenExamPrep

Bavaria Abitur Ethik (gA) is a 210-minute constructed-response exam: one task chosen from four, max. 100 BE — not MCQ. Content follows LehrplanPLUS Gymnasium Jgst. 12/13: action theory and normative ethics, freedom/determinism, justice and political philosophy, meaning/worldview. This free English MCQ bank is a study adaptation only.

Sample BY Abitur Ethics (gA) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your BY Abitur Ethics (gA) exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In philosophical action theory, what turns a bodily event into an 'action' (Handlung) in the ethically relevant sense?
A.It is intentionally brought about by an agent who can give reasons for it
B.It is caused by a measurable physiological process in the brain
C.It produces consequences that affect other people
D.It is performed while the person is awake rather than asleep
Explanation: Action theory reserves the term Handlung for behavior attributable to a will: the agent acts intentionally, guided by reasons, and can therefore be held responsible. Reflexes, twitches, and sleepwalking fail this test even though they involve the body. This distinction is the basis for all later questions of responsibility in the LehrplanPLUS Lernbereich 'Theorie und Praxis des Handelns'.
2In action theory, the intention (Absicht) of an action refers to...
A.what the agent wants to bring about or achieve with the action
B.the objective circumstances under which the action takes place
C.the side effects of the action that the agent did not foresee
D.the moral rule that society applies to this type of action
Explanation: Absicht names the agent's own orientation toward a goal: what the person wants to realize through the action. It belongs to the inner side of the action, together with motive and will, and is central when we judge whether someone acted deliberately. Circumstances, unforeseen effects, and social rules are separate action-theoretical categories.
3A passerby deliberately pushes a child out of the path of an approaching car; the child falls and breaks an arm. In action-theoretical terms, the broken arm is best described as...
A.a foreseen but unintended consequence the agent accepts while pursuing the goal
B.the goal (Ziel) of the action
C.the means (Mittel) chosen to realize the intention
D.part of the action's circumstances, beyond the agent's influence
Explanation: The goal is saving the child from the car; the means is pushing the child aside. The broken arm is a foreseeable side effect that the rescuer accepts (in Kauf nimmt) without aiming at it — the classic distinction between intended goal and accepted consequence. This distinction matters morally and legally, for example when weighing proportionality of means.
4Why does the moral assessment of an action usually include its circumstances (Umstände)?
A.Because the same type of act can be judged differently depending on who acts, when, and in what situation
B.Because circumstances always excuse the agent from all responsibility
C.Because only the circumstances, not the intention, determine an action's moral worth
D.Because circumstances show whether the action was legally permitted
Explanation: Circumstances specify the concrete situation — who is involved, what alternatives existed, what pressures applied. Taking a wallet to return it to its owner and taking it to keep it are the same physical act judged differently by context and intention. Circumstances can mitigate or aggravate responsibility, but they do not automatically erase it.
5In Plato's Politeia, the 'Idea of the Good' is best described as...
A.the highest idea, which makes knowledge and being possible and toward which the soul should be oriented
B.the strongest sensual pleasure available to human beings
C.the sum of all laws a just polis has enacted
D.an innate moral feeling every human possesses from birth
Explanation: In the sun analogy of the Politeia, the Idea of the Good stands above the other ideas as the sun stands above visible things: it enables both knowledge and the knowability of being. True orientation of the soul means turning toward this idea, which is why the philosopher-rulers must contemplate it. Plato explicitly rejects pleasure and mere convention as the highest good.
6In Plato's doctrine of the soul in the Politeia, the three parts of the soul are...
A.reason (logistikon), spirit or courage (thymoeides), and desire (epithymetikon)
B.intellect, memory, and imagination
C.ego, superego, and id
D.sensation, emotion, and will
Explanation: Plato divides the soul into the reasoning part (logistikon), the spirited part (thymoeides, seat of courage and righteous anger), and the desiring part (epithymetikon, seat of appetites). This tripartition mirrors the three estates of the ideal state and grounds the four cardinal virtues. The chariot image in the Phaidros illustrates the same structure.
7For Plato, justice (dikaiosyne) in the soul and in the state consists primarily in...
A.each part fulfilling its own task under the guidance of reason, producing inner and social harmony
B.everyone receiving exactly equal shares of goods and honors
C.citizens obeying whatever the strongest decide
D.maximizing the total welfare of all citizens
Explanation: Justice is the fourth cardinal virtue and the ordering principle of the other three: when reason rules, spirit supports it, and desires obey, the soul is just — just as the state is just when rulers, guardians, and producers each do their own work. Plato defines justice as this harmonious 'doing one's own', not as arithmetic equality. The later tradition (e.g., Thomas Aquinas) continued this scheme of cardinal virtues.
8Plato's Socratic thesis that 'no one does wrong willingly' implies that...
A.wrongdoing ultimately stems from ignorance of what is truly good, so virtue is a form of knowledge
B.people who do wrong are always excused from responsibility
C.the will can freely choose evil while fully knowing the good
D.punishment is pointless because offenders could not act otherwise
Explanation: Socratic intellectualism holds that everyone necessarily pursues what they take to be good; evil action therefore rests on a mistaken judgment about the good. If genuine knowledge of the Good were present, right action would follow — virtue is teachable insight. Aristotle later challenged this picture with his analysis of akrasia, where knowledge and desire conflict.
9Aristotle's approach in the Nicomachean Ethics is called virtue ethics because it primarily asks...
A.what kind of character and excellences (aretai) a person should develop in order to live well
B.which rules of duty must be followed without exception
C.which action produces the greatest total happiness
D.what social contract rational individuals would agree to
Explanation: Aristotle starts from the telos of human life — eudaimonia — and asks which stable character dispositions (virtues) realize it. The focus is on the agent's character and practical wisdom rather than on rules or outcomes alone. This makes his ethics the classical model of virtue ethics, in contrast to Kant's duty ethics and utilitarian consequentialism.
10According to Aristotle's doctrine of the mean (Mesoteslehre), courage is...
A.the right mean between cowardice and recklessness
B.the complete absence of fear in dangerous situations
C.the willingness to accept any risk for a good cause
D.a habit of avoiding all avoidable danger
Explanation: Each ethical virtue lies as a mean between two vices: courage stands between cowardice (defect of confidence, excess of fear) and recklessness (excess of confidence). The courageous person fears the right things, at the right time, in the right way. The mean is not mediocrity but the fitting response determined by practical reason.

About the BY Abitur Ethics (gA) Practice Questions

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