100+ Free Atestace Radiologie a zobrazovací metody Practice Questions

Neuroimaging & Head/Neck Imaging

In-depth evaluation of acute ischemic stroke imaging (non-contrast CT ASPECTS score, hyperdense MCA sign, CTA collateral grading, CT perfusion core vs penumbra with CBF < 30% and Tmax > 6.0 s), intracranial hemorrhages (epidural hematoma vs subdural hematoma, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage Fisher grading, hypertensive microangiopathy vs cerebral amyloid angiopathy), primary and metastatic CNS tumors (WHO 2021 classification of diffuse gliomas, IDH and 1p/19q status, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma subtypes, primary CNS lymphoma, vestibular schwannoma, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis), neuroinfections and inflammatory disorders (HSV-1 encephalitis temporal lobe predilection, pyogenic brain abscess capsule enhancement and restricted DWI, toxoplasmosis vs lymphoma in immunocompromised patients), demyelinating conditions (multiple sclerosis 2017 McDonald criteria, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder NMOSD, MOG-antibody associated disease MOGAD, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ADEM, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome PRES, CADASIL), and head and neck radiology (cervical lymph node stations Levels I–VII, branchial cleft cysts vs thyroglossal duct cysts, temporal bone cholesteatoma non-EPI DWI restriction, sinonasal inverted papilloma and fungal rhinosinusitis).

Thoracic & Cardiovascular Imaging

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) interpretation of diffuse lung diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis / definite UIP pattern with basal/subpleural honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis vs NSIP subpleural sparing, fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis three-density headcheese sign, sarcoidosis perilymphatic nodularity Galaxy sign), acute pulmonary embolism on CTPA (embolic burden, right ventricular strain metrics RV/LV diameter ratio > 1.0, interventricular septal flattening, pulmonary hypertension signs), acute aortic syndromes (Stanford Type A vs Type B dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer), incidental pulmonary nodule management under Fleischner Society 2017 guidelines, Lung-RADS 2022 screening classifications, lung cancer TNM 8th/9th edition staging, thoracic infections (angioinvasive aspergillosis CT halo sign, reverse halo / atoll sign, cavitation, tension pneumothorax deep sulcus sign), Coronary CT Angiography (CAD-RADS 2.0 categories 0 to 5, high-risk plaque vulnerability features: positive remodeling, low-attenuation plaque, napkin-ring sign, spotty calcification), and Cardiac MRI (ischemic late gadolinium enhancement subendocardial/transmural distribution following coronary territories vs non-ischemic mid-wall myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy, subepicardial myocarditis/sarcoidosis, and global subendocardial/circumferential cardiac amyloidosis, T1/T2 mapping, and Lake Louise 2018 myocarditis criteria).

Abdominal & Pelvic Imaging

Multiphasic liver imaging and LI-RADS v2018 criteria in patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (major criteria: non-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement APHE, non-peripheral washout appearance, enhancing capsule, size criteria, threshold growth -> LR-5), differentiation of benign liver tumors (capillary/cavernous hemangioma nodular peripheral discontinuous puddling and centripetal progression, focal nodular hyperplasia FNH with central scar and prolonged uptake on Gd-EOB-DTPA / Primovist hepatobiliary phase, hepatocellular adenoma subtypes: HNF-1alpha, inflammatory, beta-catenin mutated), cholangiocarcinoma (peripheral mass-forming with capsular retraction vs perihilar Klatskin Bismuth-Corlette classification), acute pancreatitis (Revised Atlanta Classification: interstitial edematous vs necrotizing pancreatitis, acute peripancreatic fluid collection vs pseudocyst, acute necrotic collection vs walled-off necrosis WON), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resectability criteria (SMA and celiac axis abutment vs encasement > 180°, SMV/portal vein contact and reconstruction feasibility, double duct sign) vs autoimmune pancreatitis Type 1 (capsule-like rim, diffuse enlargement, elevated IgG4) vs cystic pancreatic lesions (branch-duct vs main-duct IPMN, serous cystadenoma central sunburst scar vs mucinous cystic neoplasm ovarian-type stroma), acute abdomen CT (acute mesenteric ischemia: superior mesenteric artery thrombosis vs non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia NOMI vs mesenteric venous thrombosis, closed-loop small bowel obstruction whirl sign and ischemia, acute appendicitis complications, acute colonic diverticulitis Hinchey classification), multiparametric prostate MRI (PI-RADS v2.1: peripheral zone dominant sequence DWI/ADC vs transition zone dominant sequence T2W, extraprostatic extension EPE), rectal cancer high-resolution staging (T3 substages a–d, distance to mesorectal fascia MRF ≤ 1 mm defining positive CRM, extramural venous invasion EMVI), Crohn's disease MR enterography (active inflammation: transmural hyperenhancement, wall thickening > 3 mm, comb sign, diffusion restriction vs fibrotic strictures), and adrenal/renal mass characterization (CT absolute/relative washout thresholds, Bosniak 2019 cystic renal mass classification).

Musculoskeletal & Pediatric Imaging

Musculoskeletal sports trauma and structural joint MRI: knee (anterior cruciate ligament primary and secondary signs including anterior tibial translation, bone contusion pattern on lateral femoral condyle and posterior lateral tibial plateau, Segond avulsion fracture, meniscal tear patterns, bucket-handle tear with double PCL sign, posterolateral corner complex disruption), shoulder (rotator cuff full-thickness vs partial-thickness tears, Patte tendon retraction grading, Goutallier fatty infiltration, anterior shoulder instability: Bankart labral tear, bony Bankart, Hill-Sachs impaction fracture, superior labrum anterior-posterior SLAP tears), bone and soft tissue neoplasm evaluation (Lodwick classification of osteolytic lesions: IA geographic well-defined sclerotic margin to III permeative/moth-eaten, matrix mineralization: osteoid cloud-like dense matrix vs chondroid arcs-and-rings / stippled calcification, conventional osteosarcoma Codman triangle and sunburst periosteal reaction, Ewing sarcoma onion-skin laminated periostitis and diaphyseal permeation, chondrosarcoma deep endosteal scalloping > two-thirds cortical thickness, osteoid osteoma radiolucent nidus with surrounding dense cortical sclerosis, giant cell tumor nonsclerotic subchondral epiphyseal location), bone and joint infection (acute vs chronic osteomyelitis with involucrum, cloaca, and devitalized cortical sequestrum vs Charcot neuropathic joint ghost sign and extensive debris, septic arthritis), inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis marginal erosions and synovial pannus vs axial spondyloarthritis bilateral symmetrical sacroiliitis on STIR MRI), spinal imaging (lumbar disc herniation nomenclature: bulge vs protrusion vs extrusion vs sequestration, Modic degenerative vertebral endplate changes Types 1–3, AO Spine and TLICS thoracolumbar fracture classification), and pediatric radiology essentials (hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ultrasound criteria: muscle thickness ≥ 3 mm, canal length ≥ 15 mm; malrotation with midgut volvulus: upper GI barium corkscrew appearance of duodenojejunal junction and mesenteric Doppler inversion of SMA/SMV relationship; ileocolic intussusception target/doughnut sign and hydrostatic/pneumatic reduction safety; necrotizing enterocolitis pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous gas; Salter-Harris physeal fracture classification Types I–V; and non-accidental trauma / suspected child abuse skeletal survey indicators: classic metaphyseal corner/bucket-handle fractures, multiple posterior rib fractures, skull fractures with intracranial injury).

Interventional Radiology & Radiation Safety

Vascular and non-vascular interventional radiology principles and image guidance: percutaneous core needle biopsy vs fine needle aspiration (coaxial technique, tract seeding prevention, trajectory planning avoiding major vessels), percutaneous catheter drainage of abdominal and pelvic collections (Seldinger technique, catheter sizing, tandem trocar technique, amylase and microbiological sampling), endovascular management of acute non-variceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage and traumatic arterial bleeding (catheter angiography, provocative bleeding maneuvers, microcatheter superselection, embolization agents: metallic microcoils, PVA/gelatin sponge particles, n-butyl cyanoacrylate NBCA glue, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer Onyx), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) indications (refractory ascites, secondary prevention of variceal hemorrhage), procedural steps (right hepatic vein to portal vein puncture), and absolute contraindications (severe congestive heart failure, severe pulmonary hypertension, severe hepatic failure MELD > 18–24, uncorrectable sepsis), biliary interventions (percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTC and external-internal biliary drainage), and percutaneous nephrostomy for acute obstructive uropathy. Contrast media safety under European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR v10.0) guidelines: definition and diagnostic criteria for Post-Contrast Acute Kidney Injury (PC-AKI), high-risk patient stratification (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m² or < 45 mL/min/1.73 m² with concurrent acute risk factors), intravenous volume expansion prophylaxis with isotonic 0.9% saline, immediate management of acute severe anaphylactoid / allergic reactions (first-line intramuscular adrenaline 0.5 mg 1:1,000 in anterolateral thigh, high-flow oxygen, IV fluid bolus), and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA classification into high-, medium-, and low-risk based on macrocyclic vs linear molecular structure, Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis NSF risk, and asymptomatic intracranial dentate nucleus/globus pallidus retention). MRI safety guidelines (static magnetic field $B_0$ translational and torque forces, projectile hazard, RF power deposition and Specific Absorption Rate SAR limits in W/kg, gradient switching time rate of magnetic field change $dB/dt$ causing acoustic noise and peripheral nerve stimulation, American College of Radiology ACR safety zones I–IV, and implant classification: MR Safe, MR Conditional, MR Unsafe). Czech national radiation protection framework: Zákon č. 263/2016 Sb. (Atomový zákon), Vyhláška SÚJB č. 422/2016 Sb. (o radiační ochraně), key principles of justification (odůvodnění) and optimization (optimalizace / ALARA and ALADA principles), diagnostic reference levels (národní diagnostické referenční úrovně NDRÚ for CT and fluoroscopy), CT dose descriptors (Volume Computed Tomography Dose Index CTDIvol in mGy, Dose-Length Product DLP in mGy·cm, and Effective Dose $E = k \times \text{DLP}$ in mSv), and practical dose reduction strategies (automated tube voltage selection ATVS, tube current modulation TCM, iterative and deep learning reconstruction algorithms, proper patient centering in the gantry).