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National Unified Legal Professional Qualification — Objective Exam (法考客观题, China)

Practice Questions100 questions

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Fakao Subjective Exam

Not published

Fixed question count in the 2026 announcement

Ministry of Justice PRC

Annual line

Pass standard set after marking (2025 nationwide line: 108 / 180)

Ministry of Justice PRC

240 Mins

Single examination session duration

Ministry of Justice PRC

Selection rule

Answer one prompt when a selection question is provided

Ministry of Justice PRC

Electronic Code

Built-in statutory database accessible during computer testing

Ministry of Justice PRC

The Fakao Subjective Exam is the four-hour written stage of China's legal-professional qualification examination. It is one 180-point paper of case-analysis, legal-document, and essay work, with a selection question when provided. The Ministry of Justice's subject list includes rule-of-law theory, jurisprudence, constitutional law, criminal law and procedure, civil law and procedure, commercial law, administrative law and procedure, judicial systems, and professional ethics. The 2026 pass line and fixed item count were not published in the initial annual announcement.

Sample Fakao Subjective Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Fakao Subjective exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 79+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In a comprehensive case analysis concerning the integration of the rule of law and the rule of virtue (坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合) under Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, how should a people's court handle a civil dispute where a party's contractual conduct technically complies with formalistic clauses but severely offends public order, good customs (公序良俗), and core socialist values?

A.The court should apply the public order and good customs principle (Article 153(2) of the Civil Code) to invalidate the juristic act, harmonizing legal rules with ethical standards

B.The court must mechanically uphold the formal contract clauses and ignore any violation of moral norms or public order

C.The court should transfer the case to the local public security organ for criminal indictment under treason laws

D.The court must dismiss the lawsuit without providing any substantive legal reasoning

Explanation: Under Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and Article 153(2) of the PRC Civil Code, a civil juristic act that violates public order and good customs (公序良俗) is void. Integrating law and virtue requires judges to apply core socialist values and moral standards as interpretive guides within the statutory framework to prevent abusive formalistic exploitation.

2In evaluating judicial accountability and case responsibility (司法责任制) under Chinese judicial reform guidelines, which principle determines whether a judge bears lifetime responsibility for case quality (办案质量终身负责制)?

A.Judges who deliberately violate laws and regulations in adjudication or cause wrongful judgments through gross negligence bear judicial disciplinary and legal liability

B.Judges are held strictly liable for any appeal reversal even if caused solely by newly discovered post-trial forensic evidence

C.Judges are completely immune from any review, disciplinary sanction, or investigation under all circumstances

D.Judges are personally liable for the debts of the losing civil litigant

Explanation: Under the judicial responsibility system guidelines and the PRC Judges Law, judges are held responsible for cases they handle: where a judge deliberately violates laws in handling a case or causes a wrongful judgment through gross negligence (故意违反法律法规或者因重大过失导致裁判错误), they bear disciplinary and legal responsibility.

3In a criminal scenario, suspect A and suspect B agreed to commit burglary against a commercial jewelry store. While A was looting the display cases inside, the store security guard arrived. Suspect A drew a knife and stabbed the guard to death to facilitate their escape, while B was waiting in the getaway vehicle outside unaware that A carried a weapon. How should the criminal liability of A and B be analyzed in a subjective exam case evaluation?

A.A is convicted of the crime of robbery (转化为抢劫罪 / transformed robbery) with death resulting; B is convicted only of the crime of theft (盗窃罪) within the scope of joint intent

B.Both A and B must be convicted of intentional homicide as equal joint principals under strict vicarious liability

C.Neither A nor B can be convicted of any crime because the guard arrived unexpectedly

D.B is convicted of robbery while A is convicted of simple theft

Explanation: Applying Article 269 of the Criminal Law (transformed robbery) and complicity principles: A committed theft and used on-the-spot lethal violence to resist arrest, converting his act into robbery under Article 263. Because B neither carried weapons, agreed to violence, nor knew of A's violent escalation, A's lethal act constitutes an excess of accomplice (实行过限). B is liable only for joint theft.

4Scenario: Chen broke into an apartment at night to commit rape. The resident struck him with a heavy vase, causing him to fall. Chen immediately began pushing himself up while reaching for a knife on the floor, and the resident delivered a second blow that caused his death. How should the resident's criminal defense be analyzed under Article 20 of the PRC Criminal Law?

A.The resident's actions constitute justifiable defense (special defense under Article 20(3)) against an ongoing violent crime of rape, incurring no criminal liability

B.The resident is guilty of intentional homicide with immediate death penalty because the second blow was struck when the rapist was temporarily unconscious

C.The resident committed excessive defense (防卫过当) and must be sentenced to at least 15 years imprisonment

D.The resident committed the crime of negligent homicide without any defensive character

Explanation: Article 20(3) permits special defense against an ongoing violent felony such as rape when the conduct seriously endangers personal safety. Chen was still capable of immediately resuming the attack and was reaching for a weapon, so the second blow remained part of the defensive response to an ongoing danger and incurs no criminal liability.

5Scenario: Defendant Zhao fraudulently represented that he was the authorized executive of an overseas investment fund, forging bank credit letters and contracting to purchase RMB 20 million of industrial machinery from Manufacturer M. After receiving the machinery on credit, Zhao immediately sold the equipment at a 50% discount to a third-party fence and fled to a border city with the cash to gamble. How should Zhao's crime be categorized under PRC Criminal Law?

A.Crime of contract fraud (合同诈骗罪, Article 224)

B.Crime of ordinary commercial breach of contract without criminal culpability

C.Crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble (寻衅滋事罪)

D.Crime of insider trading (内幕交易罪)

Explanation: Under Article 224 of the PRC Criminal Law, Zhao used forged documents, signed a contract in the name of a fictitious entity, took possession of goods with the intent of illegal possession (having no intent to perform, liquidating at deep discount, and fleeing with funds), which satisfies all statutory elements of contract fraud (合同诈骗罪).

6In a criminal procedure case analysis regarding exclusionary rules for illegal evidence (非法证据排除): during the investigation of a bribery case, investigators continuously interrogated suspect Sun for 48 hours without food or sleep, threatening to arrest Sun's elderly mother if he did not confess. Sun provided a detailed confession, based on which investigators located a hidden safe containing RMB 3 million in cash. How should the court rule on the admissibility of Sun's confession and the physical cash?

A.Sun's confession must be excluded as illegal evidence obtained through coercion; the physical cash may be admitted if its discovery is verified through statutory seizure procedures and its authenticity is corroborated

B.Both the confession and the cash are 100% admissible without any judicial scrutiny

C.The trial must be permanently dismissed and Sun immediately acquitted of all charges regardless of other evidence

D.The safe cash must be physically destroyed by the court clerk

Explanation: Article 56 requires exclusion of a confession obtained by torture or other illegal means, which includes coercive treatment of this severity. The Criminal Procedure Law does not adopt a blanket rule automatically excluding every item later located from a confession. The cash still requires its own lawful seizure record, authentication, and admissibility foundation; if those requirements are not met, it cannot be used.

7Scenario: In a civil dispute, Company A contracted to sell 100 tons of high-grade copper to Company B for RMB 6 million, delivery on October 10. On October 1, Company A sent a formal written notice stating that due to market price increases, it would not deliver the copper under any circumstances. On October 5, the market price rose to RMB 7 million. Company B immediately purchased substitute copper from Company C for RMB 7 million on October 6. Under the Claim-Base Analysis method (请求权基础分析法), what damages can Company B claim against Company A under the PRC Civil Code?

A.Company B is entitled to terminate the contract for anticipatory breach and claim RMB 1 million in price difference losses (substitute purchase cost difference under Article 584 and Article 563)

B.Company B can only claim a symbolic fine of RMB 100 with zero price difference recovery

C.Company B is barred from any recovery because it failed to wait until October 10 before buying substitute goods

D.Company B must pay Company A an additional bonus of RMB 1 million for early notification

Explanation: Under Article 563(1)(2) and Article 584 of the PRC Civil Code, Company A committed an anticipatory breach (预期违约). Company B acted reasonably to mitigate damages by making a timely substitute purchase (替代交易), and is entitled to recover the actual loss, which is the RMB 1 million market price difference.

8Scenario: Landlord Zhang leased a commercial shop to Tenant Li for a 3-year term, with Li paying rent on time and operating a restaurant. Six months into the lease, Zhang sold the commercial shop to Buyer Wang for RMB 5 million and completed title registration. Buyer Wang immediately brought an eviction lawsuit against Li, claiming that as the new registered owner, he has absolute in rem title. How should the court resolve the dispute between Wang and Li?

A.The court must dismiss Wang's eviction claim under the principle of 'sale does not break lease' (Article 725 of the Civil Code); the lease contract remains valid and binding on Wang

B.The court must immediately evict Li because immovable property in rem ownership always destroys all pre-existing lease rights

C.The court must order Li to demolish all restaurant renovations and pay Wang double rent

D.The court must void the sales contract between Zhang and Wang

Explanation: Under Article 725 of the PRC Civil Code ('sale does not break lease' / 买卖不破租赁), where the ownership of the leased property changes during the lessee's lawful possession, the validity of the lease contract is not affected. Buyer Wang steps into the shoes of Landlord Zhang as the lessor by operation of law.

9Scenario: Borrower Borro took a RMB 2 million loan from Bank B, providing his commercial warehouse as mortgage (registered on March 1). Later, Borro took a RMB 1.5 million loan from Creditor C, providing the same warehouse as mortgage (registered on April 1). Finally, Borro borrowed RMB 1 million from Creditor D without registering the mortgage (mortgage contract signed May 1). When the warehouse was auctioned for RMB 3 million, how should the proceeds be distributed?

A.Bank B receives RMB 2 million in full; Creditor C receives the remaining RMB 1 million; Creditor D receives RMB 0 from mortgage proceeds

B.Creditor D receives RMB 1 million first because his mortgage contract is the most recent

C.The RMB 3 million is split equally: RMB 1 million to each of Bank B, Creditor C, and Creditor D

D.Creditor C receives RMB 1.5 million first because his loan is smaller than Bank B's loan

Explanation: Under Article 414 of the PRC Civil Code: (1) registered mortgages have priority over unregistered mortgages; (2) among registered mortgages, priority is determined by the chronological order of registration. Bank B (registered March 1) is paid first (RMB 2M). Creditor C (registered April 1) takes the remaining RMB 1M (leaving RMB 500K unsecured). Unregistered Creditor D receives RMB 0 from security proceeds and must pursue general unsecured remedies.

10Scenario: Under the revised PRC Company Law (2024), Tech LLC was established on August 1, 2024, with registered capital of RMB 10 million. Shareholder Guo subscribed for RMB 4 million with a 5-year contribution schedule. In December 2025, Tech LLC became insolvent and unable to pay a mature RMB 3 million debt to Supplier S. When Supplier S sued Tech LLC, Guo argued that his capital contribution deadline had not yet arrived (2029). How should the court rule on Supplier S's claim against Guo?

A.Under Article 54 of the revised Company Law (capital contribution acceleration / 出资加速到期), Guo must accelerate his capital contribution and pay within his unpaid subscription amount to satisfy the creditor's claim

B.Guo's defense is upheld and Supplier S cannot demand any contribution until August 1, 2029

C.Guo is criminally convicted of treason against the market economy

D.The court must order Supplier S to pay Guo's capital contribution

Explanation: Article 54 of the revised PRC Company Law (2024) establishes the statutory capital contribution acceleration rule (出资加速到期制度): where a company is unable to pay its mature debts, the company or creditors who have mature claims have the right to demand that shareholders whose contribution period has not expired make their capital contributions in advance.

About the Fakao Subjective Exam

The National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination — Subjective Exam (国家统一法律职业资格考试主观题) is the second stage administered by the PRC Ministry of Justice for candidates with a valid objective-stage pass. The 240-minute, 180-point paper tests case analysis, legal-document work, and essays across the official subject list. It is normally computer-based, with approved paper testing in specified circumstances. Chinese and five designated minority-language versions are available under the annual rules.

Assessment

One 240-minute session, normally computer-based with an electronic statutory compilation; approved paper testing is available in specified circumstances

Time Limit

240 minutes (4 hours)

Passing Score

The 2026 line will be announced after marking; the 2025 nationwide line was 108 out of 180

Exam Fee

Set locally and published with subjective-stage registration (Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国司法部))

Fakao Subjective Exam Content Outline

Not published

Xi Jinping Thought on Rule of Law & Legal Argumentation

Analysis of rule of law principles, constitutional governance, judicial fairness, scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, and theoretical essay construction

Not published

Criminal Law & Criminal Procedure Case Analysis

Identification of criminal acts, concurrent offenses, complicity degrees, self-defense vs. mutual combat, illegal evidence exclusion, pre-trial detention reviews, and appeal procedures

Not published

Civil Law, Commercial Law & Civil Procedure Dispute Resolution

Claim-Base Analysis (请求权基础) covering contract formation and breach, property ownership disputes, mortgage and pledge priorities, company shareholder disputes, piercing the corporate veil, third-party revocation lawsuits, and execution objections

Not published

Administrative Law & Administrative Litigation Case Evaluation

Review of administrative discretionary powers, procedural legality, administrative penalty validity, reconsideration jurisdiction, administrative agreement disputes, and state compensation calculations

Not published

Legal Professional Ethics & Practical Judicial Standards

Judicial and prosecutorial ethical conduct, attorney confidentiality and conflict-of-interest rules, unauthorized practice prevention, and procedural drafting requirements

How to Pass the Fakao Subjective Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: The 2026 line will be announced after marking; the 2025 nationwide line was 108 out of 180
Assessment: One 240-minute session, normally computer-based with an electronic statutory compilation; approved paper testing is available in specified circumstances
Time limit: 240 minutes (4 hours)
Exam fee: Set locally and published with subjective-stage registration

Keys to Passing

Work through all 79 available questions
Review every answer and explanation
Track weak areas and revisit them
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Fakao Subjective Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master the Claim-Base Analysis method (请求权基础分析法) to systematically evaluate civil claims across contract, tort, unjust enrichment, and negotiorum gestio

2Practice rapid statutory lookup in the electronic law database, memorizing key article ranges in the Civil Code, Criminal Law, and Procedural Laws

3Structure criminal case answers by analyzing actus reus, mens rea, justifications, excuses, complicity, and concurrence of offenses step by step

4In corporate law scenarios, apply the 2024 revised Company Law rules on 5-year capital contributions, shareholder loss of rights, and director fiduciary duties

5Keep theoretical essay answers grounded in official legal terminology and clear thesis-evidence-conclusion paragraph structures

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the passing score for the Fakao Subjective Exam?

The Ministry of Justice sets the annual line after marking. The 2026 line was not yet available at this review date; for context, the 2025 nationwide line was 108 out of 180 and the relaxed regional lines were 85, 90, or 95.

How are questions structured in the subjective exam?

The 2026 announcement describes one paper containing case-analysis, legal-document, and essay questions. It says candidates must answer only one prompt when a selection question is provided, but it does not promise a fixed five-question pattern or a particular elective pairing.

Why use an English MCQ practice bank for a subjective Chinese exam?

This is an English-language MCQ study adaptation for isolating doctrines and analytical steps. The official assessment requires sustained written analysis and is offered in Chinese and, under designated-site rules, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Kazakh, and Korean. The bank is not an official translation, format simulation, or substitute for timed legal writing.