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National Unified Legal Professional Qualification — Subjective Exam (法考主观题, China)

Practice Questions79 questions

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Fakao Objective Exam

200

Total questions across Paper 1 and Paper 2

Ministry of Justice PRC

Annual line

Pass standard set after the examination (2025 nationwide line: 180 / 300)

Ministry of Justice PRC

2 Years

Validity period of objective pass for subjective stage

MOJ Order No. 140

360 Mins

Total testing time across two 180-minute papers

Ministry of Justice PRC

July 1, 2024

Effective date of the landmark revised PRC Company Law

NPC Standing Committee

The Fakao Objective Exam is the computer-based first stage of China's national legal-professional qualification examination. Its two 3-hour papers contain 100 questions each and total 300 points. Paper 1 covers rule-of-law theory, jurisprudence, constitutional and legal history subjects, criminal law and procedure, administrative law and procedure, international law, and professional ethics. Paper 2 covers civil, intellectual-property, commercial, economic, environmental, labor and social-security, international private and economic, and civil-procedure subjects. The Ministry of Justice sets the annual pass line after the examination; a valid objective pass normally carries through the following examination year.

Sample Fakao Objective Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Fakao Objective exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1According to Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, what is the fundamental purpose and core value orientation of comprehensively advancing law-based governance in China?

A.Serving the people and ensuring that law-based governance is for the people and relies on the people

B.Prioritizing rapid economic growth over procedural legal constraints

C.Establishing judicial independence completely decoupled from legislative oversight

D.Replacing statutory legislation with administrative policy directives

Explanation: Under Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, 'adhering to a people-centered approach' (坚持以人民为中心) is the fundamental value position. Advancing law-based governance must protect the people's fundamental rights, promote social fairness and justice, and ensure that the rule of law is for the people, relies on the people, and benefits the people.

2In Chinese jurisprudence and constitutional theory, which of the following best describes the relationship between the PRC Constitution and ordinary statutes enacted by the National People's Congress (NPC)?

A.The Constitution possesses supreme legal authority; any statute, administrative regulation, or local decree that contravenes the Constitution is invalid

B.Ordinary national statutes have equal legal force with the Constitution and can tacitly repeal constitutional provisions

C.Administrative regulations issued by the State Council take precedence over constitutional articles during national emergencies

D.Local regulations enacted by special economic zones automatically supersede the Constitution within their territory

Explanation: Under Article 5 of the PRC Constitution and the PRC Legislation Law (立法法), the Constitution is the fundamental law of the state with supreme legal effect. No laws, administrative regulations, or local regulations may conflict with the Constitution.

3Under the PRC Constitution, which organ possesses the exclusive power to interpret the Constitution and supervise its enforcement?

A.The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC)

B.The Supreme People's Court (SPC)

C.The National Supervisory Commission (NSC)

D.The Ministry of Justice (MOJ)

Explanation: Pursuant to Article 67(1) of the PRC Constitution, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress exercises the power to interpret the Constitution and supervise its enforcement.

4In the historical evolution of Chinese legal codification, which imperial code is renowned as the most complete and influential exemplar of the traditional Chinese legal system, serving as the blueprint for East Asian legal tradition?

A.The Tang Code (Tang Lü Shu Yi / 唐律疏议)

B.The Book of Law of the Wei (Fa Jing / 法经)

C.The Great Qing Code (Da Qing Lü Li / 大清律例)

D.The Nine-Chapter Law of Han (Jiu Zhang Lü / 九章律)

Explanation: The Tang Code with Commentary (Tang Lü Shu Yi, promulgated in 653 CE) represents the pinnacle of ancient Chinese feudal jurisprudence, characterized by the integration of Confucian moral principles and legal punishments (引礼入法), and served as the foundational model for traditional legal codes across East Asia.

5Under the PRC Judges Law (法官法) and PRC Lawyers Law (律师法), which of the following activities constitutes a statutory violation of legal professional ethics for a practicing attorney?

A.Simultaneously representing two parties with conflicting interests in the same civil litigation

B.Refusing to accept a civil representation where the client insists on pursuing an unlawful claim

C.Providing pro bono legal aid to an indigent criminal defendant assigned by a legal aid center

D.Publishing an academic commentary analyzing a publicly delivered final appellate judgment

Explanation: Under Article 39 of the PRC Lawyers Law and the Code of Conduct for Lawyers, an attorney is strictly prohibited from representing both opposing parties in the same legal matter or case involving conflicting interests.

6Under the PRC Legislation Law (立法法), if a newly enacted special national law conflicts with a previously enacted general national law on the same subject, which organ determines which provision applies if there is uncertainty?

A.The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC)

B.The Supreme People's Court

C.The State Council Legislative Affairs Department

D.The Ministry of Justice

Explanation: Pursuant to Article 105 of the PRC Legislation Law, when a new general provision conflicts with an old special provision enacted by the same organ (such as the NPC or NPCSC), the NPCSC shall make a ruling on which provision applies.

7Under Article 20 of the PRC Criminal Law, what standard distinguishes justifiable defense (正当防卫) from excessive defense (防卫过当)?

A.Whether the defensive act clearly exceeds the limits of necessity and causes substantial harm (明显超过必要限度造成重大损害)

B.Whether the defender suffered bodily injury before initiating physical resistance

C.Whether the defensive act employed identical weapons or means as the unlawful assailant

D.Whether the defender obtained prior permission or intervention from law enforcement officers

Explanation: Article 20(2) of the PRC Criminal Law provides that justifiable defense that clearly exceeds the limits of necessary defense and causes major harm constitutes excessive defense and incurs criminal liability, though punishment shall be mitigated or waived.

8Under Article 20(3) of the PRC Criminal Law, in which scenario does the defender possess the statutory right of 'special defense' (特殊防卫 / 无过当防卫), incurring no criminal liability even if the attacker is killed?

A.Defending against an ongoing violent crime of murder, robbery, rape, kidnapping, or other violent crime seriously endangering personal safety

B.Defending against ongoing daytime pickpocketing of a wallet in a crowded public transit bus

C.Defending against verbal defamation and insult published on a social media forum

D.Defending against minor property trespass where the intruder immediately surrenders and flees

Explanation: Article 20(3) of the PRC Criminal Law grants special defense: taking defensive action against ongoing physical assaults, murder, robbery, rape, kidnapping, or other violent crimes that seriously jeopardize personal safety, resulting in death or injury to the perpetrator, is justifiable defense and is not excessive defense.

9Under Article 24 of the PRC Criminal Law, what is the essential legal requirement for establishing voluntary crime discontinuation (犯罪中止)?

A.Voluntarily abandoning the crime during its commission or automatically and effectively preventing the criminal consequence from occurring

B.Failing to complete the crime due to unexpected external resistance or police intervention

C.Expressing verbal remorse to the victim after the criminal consequence has already fully materialized

D.Confessing all criminal facts to the public security organ after being arrested and interrogated

Explanation: Article 24 of the PRC Criminal Law defines criminal discontinuation as voluntarily abandoning the commission of the crime in the process of committing it, or voluntarily and effectively preventing the occurrence of the criminal outcome. It requires both voluntariness (能达目的而不欲) and effectiveness if the act has progressed.

10Zhang and Li agreed to burglarize an empty warehouse at night. While Li stood watch outside, Zhang broke in and discovered an elderly guard sleeping inside. Without Li's knowledge or agreement, Zhang murdered the guard to eliminate a witness. How should Li's criminal liability be determined under PRC Criminal Law doctrine on complicity and excess of accomplice (实行过限)?

A.Li is liable only as an accomplice for burglary (theft); he is not criminally liable for the intentional homicide committed solely by Zhang

B.Li must be convicted of intentional homicide as a joint principal offender under strict joint liability

C.Li's burglary charge is extinguished because Zhang committed a more serious violent felony

D.Li is criminally exempt from all punishment because he remained physically outside the premises

Explanation: Under the PRC Criminal Law doctrine of excess of accomplice (实行过限), where one co-perpetrator independently commits an act outside the scope of the shared joint criminal intent (共同犯罪故意), other co-perpetrators who did not share or foresee that intent are not liable for the excess act. Li only agreed to and participated in theft/burglary, so he is guilty of theft and not intentional homicide.

About the Fakao Objective Exam

The National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination — Objective Exam (国家统一法律职业资格考试客观题) is the first stage of the national legal-professional qualification examination administered by the PRC Ministry of Justice. It has two 180-minute, 100-question computer-based papers covering the official subject lists for Paper 1 and Paper 2. The official examination is offered in Chinese and, at designated examination sites for eligible candidates, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Kazakh, and Korean. This bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation, not an official translation.

Assessment

Two 3-hour computer-based multiple-choice papers sat on the same day or across testing batches

Time Limit

360 minutes total (180 minutes per paper)

Passing Score

The 2026 line will be announced after the examination; the 2025 nationwide line was 180 out of 300

Exam Fee

Set locally; 2026 official examples are ¥150 in Beijing and ¥172 in Guangdong (Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国司法部))

Fakao Objective Exam Content Outline

Not published

Xi Jinping Thought on Rule of Law, Jurisprudence & Constitutional Law

Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, legal norms, legal interpretation and reasoning, state structure, constitutional rights, NPC legislative powers, and Chinese legal history

Not published

Criminal Law & Criminal Procedure

PRC Criminal Law general principles (crime elements, criminal responsibility, joint crime, self-defense, attempt), specific crimes (crimes against personal rights, property, public order, duty-related crimes), and Criminal Procedure Law (investigation, compulsory measures, evidence rules, first and second-instance trials, death penalty review)

Not published

Civil Law & Civil Procedure

PRC Civil Code across General Provisions, Property Rights (ownership, usufruct, security rights), Contract Law (formation, performance, breach, remedies), Personality Rights, Marriage and Family, Succession, and Tort Liability; plus Civil Procedure Law (jurisdiction, preservation, evidence, trial supervision, and enforcement) and Arbitration Law

Not published

Commercial, Economic & Environmental Law

Revised PRC Company Law (capital contribution rules, corporate governance, shareholder rights, director duties), Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, Securities Law, Anti-Monopoly Law, Anti-Unfair Competition Law, Labor Contract Law, and Environmental Protection Law

Not published

Administrative Law, International Law & Ethics

Administrative Licensing Law, Administrative Penalty Law, Administrative Compulsion Law, Administrative Reconsideration, Administrative Litigation Law, Private International Law (conflict of laws), International Economic Law (CISG, WTO rules), and Legal Professional Ethics for judges, prosecutors, and attorneys

How to Pass the Fakao Objective Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: The 2026 line will be announced after the examination; the 2025 nationwide line was 180 out of 300
Assessment: Two 3-hour computer-based multiple-choice papers sat on the same day or across testing batches
Time limit: 360 minutes total (180 minutes per paper)
Exam fee: Set locally; 2026 official examples are ¥150 in Beijing and ¥172 in Guangdong

Keys to Passing

Work through all 100 available questions
Review every answer and explanation
Track weak areas and revisit them
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Fakao Objective Study Tips from Top Performers

1Focus heavily on the PRC Civil Code and the revised Company Law (effective July 1, 2024), paying close attention to capital contribution rules and director liabilities

2Drill Criminal Law general theory (justifiable defense, emergency necessity, joint crime, attempt vs. discontinuation) alongside high-frequency specific offenses

3Memorize statutory time limits and jurisdictional thresholds in Criminal Procedure, Civil Procedure, and Administrative Litigation

4Review the Administrative Penalty Law and Administrative Reconsideration Law amendments for procedural notice and hearing requirements

5Practice indeterminate multiple-choice questions where multiple correct options must all be identified without error

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between Paper 1 and Paper 2 in the Fakao Objective Exam?

Paper 1 focuses on public law and theoretical foundations, including Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Administrative Law, and Legal Ethics. Paper 2 focuses on private and economic law, including the Civil Code, Commercial Law, Economic Law, Environmental Law, Civil Procedure, and Private International Law.

How are the questions scored in the objective test?

Each 100-question paper contains 50 single-choice questions (1 point each) and 50 multiple-choice or indeterminate-choice questions (2 points each), yielding 150 points per paper and a total of 300 points. Multiple-choice questions require selecting all correct options without missing or extraneous choices to receive points.

Can I use this English study bank to prepare for the Chinese examination?

This bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation for reviewing doctrines and statutory reasoning; it is not an official translation. The official examination is offered in Chinese and, at designated sites for eligible candidates, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Kazakh, and Korean.