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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: CCDL2 Exam

48 hours

Exam Duration

CyberDefenders

4 domains

Exam Domains

CyberDefenders

~£600

Exam Cost

CyberDefenders

1 retake

Free Retake Included

CyberDefenders

4 months

Course Access

CyberDefenders

25+

Hands-on Labs

CyberDefenders

The CCDL2 (formerly CCD) is CyberDefenders' flagship DFIR certification. The 48-hour practical exam requires investigating real-world incidents in a browser-based lab with a dedicated Elastic SIEM instance. Graders evaluate both correct answers and investigative methodology, with partial credit available. Course access (4 months, 25+ labs) and one free retake are included. The exam covers four domains: Threat Hunting, Disk Forensics, Memory Forensics, and Network Forensics.

Sample CCDL2 Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your CCDL2 exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In a SOC environment, a Tier 1 analyst receives an alert for a suspicious outbound connection on port 443 to an unknown IP. After verifying the IP is flagged as malicious in threat intelligence feeds, what is the MOST appropriate immediate next step?
A.Escalate to Tier 2/3 with full context, preserve evidence, and initiate the incident response process
B.Block the IP at the firewall and close the alert as resolved
C.Notify the end user and ask them to restart their machine
D.Wait 24 hours to gather more alerts before taking action
Explanation: Escalating to a higher-tier analyst while preserving evidence follows the incident response lifecycle. Tier 1 analysts should collect context (endpoint, user, timeline, traffic logs) and escalate rather than independently applying remediations that could destroy forensic evidence or cause alert fatigue if incorrectly handled.
2Which NIST SP 800-61 incident response phase focuses on stopping an attacker's foothold from spreading to additional systems?
A.Containment
B.Detection and Analysis
C.Eradication
D.Post-Incident Activity
Explanation: Containment is the phase where responders act to limit the scope and impact of an incident. It includes isolating affected systems, blocking malicious network traffic, and preventing lateral movement while preserving evidence for subsequent eradication and recovery actions.
3A threat hunter analyzing Elastic SIEM logs wants to identify processes that spawned cmd.exe from a browser process (e.g., chrome.exe). Which KQL query pattern correctly targets this parent-child relationship?
A.process.name: cmd.exe AND process.parent.name: chrome.exe
B.process.name: cmd.exe AND event.type: start
C.event.category: process AND process.executable: *cmd*
D.winlog.event_id: 4688 AND process.name: chrome.exe
Explanation: KQL (Kibana Query Language) in Elastic SIEM supports parent-child process field relationships. The field process.parent.name captures the spawning process, so combining process.name: cmd.exe AND process.parent.name: chrome.exe precisely identifies cmd.exe shells spawned by Chrome — a common living-off-the-land or drive-by compromise indicator.
4During memory forensics with Volatility 3, which plugin is used to list all active network connections and listening sockets on a Windows memory image?
A.windows.netscan
B.windows.pslist
C.windows.cmdline
D.windows.dlllist
Explanation: The windows.netscan plugin in Volatility 3 scans memory for TCPT_OBJECT and UdpA structures to enumerate both active TCP/UDP connections and listening sockets, including remote IPs, ports, and owning PIDs. This is essential for identifying C2 beaconing or data exfiltration channels present in memory.
5An investigator examining a Windows disk image finds the file path C:\Users\victim\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\CustomDestinations. What forensic artifact type is stored here?
A.Windows Jump Lists (custom destinations)
B.Browser history cookies
C.Windows prefetch files
D.Registry hive transaction logs
Explanation: Jump Lists are stored in two locations: AutomaticDestinations and CustomDestinations under AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\. CustomDestinations are created by applications that explicitly pin items. Forensically, Jump Lists reveal recently and frequently accessed files and folders, even after the files themselves have been deleted.
6A malware sample communicates with its C2 over HTTPS but uses a self-signed certificate with an unusual Subject CN. Which network forensics technique is MOST effective for detecting this traffic pattern at scale?
A.Full packet capture and manual inspection of every TLS handshake
B.DNS sinkholing of known malicious domains
C.TLS certificate metadata analysis (JA3/JA3S fingerprinting)
D.Blocking all outbound port 443 traffic at the perimeter
Explanation: JA3/JA3S fingerprinting creates MD5 hashes of TLS ClientHello and ServerHello parameters (cipher suites, extensions, elliptic curves). These fingerprints are unique enough to identify specific malware C2 clients even over encrypted channels without decrypting traffic. Tools like Zeek generate JA3 hashes automatically, enabling scalable detection.
7When performing static malware analysis on a suspected PE binary, which command extracts printable ASCII strings of at least 8 characters to look for hardcoded C2 addresses, registry keys, or encoded payloads?
A.strings -n 8 malware.exe
B.file malware.exe
C.xxd malware.exe | head
D.md5sum malware.exe
Explanation: The `strings` command with `-n 8` (minimum length 8) filters out noise from short byte sequences and extracts meaningful ASCII text such as URLs, IP addresses, registry paths, function names, and error messages embedded in the binary. This is a foundational first step in static analysis before reversing with disassemblers.
8An incident responder identifies that an attacker used LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning to capture NTLMv2 hashes. Which tool is commonly used to perform this network-based credential harvesting attack?
A.Responder
B.Mimikatz
C.BloodHound
D.Impacket secretsdump
Explanation: Responder is the canonical tool for LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning. It responds to broadcast name resolution queries on the local network, tricking clients into authenticating to the attacker's machine and capturing NTLMv2 challenge-response hashes for offline cracking or relay attacks. Defenders should disable LLMNR and NBT-NS in group policy to mitigate this.
9In Elastic SIEM, a threat hunter wants to detect Kerberoasting activity. Which Windows Security Event ID, combined with a service ticket encryption type of RC4-HMAC (0x17), provides the strongest signal?
A.Event ID 4624
B.Event ID 4768
C.Event ID 4769
D.Event ID 4776
Explanation: Windows Event ID 4769 (Kerberos Service Ticket Request) is generated when a TGS (Ticket Granting Service) ticket is requested. When the encryption type field shows 0x17 (RC4-HMAC) for service accounts, this strongly indicates Kerberoasting — attackers request RC4-encrypted TGS tickets to crack offline. Modern environments should use AES (0x12/0x11) instead.
10During disk forensics on a Windows system, an examiner finds a file with a $DATA stream and a separate named stream, e.g., malware.exe:hidden_payload. What NTFS feature is being exploited?
A.Alternate Data Streams (ADS)
B.Volume Shadow Copies
C.Master File Table (MFT) slack space
D.Journaling ($LogFile)
Explanation: NTFS Alternate Data Streams (ADS) allow multiple data streams to be attached to a single file without changing its apparent size. Malware uses ADS to hide payloads, configuration data, or additional executables. Tools like `dir /r` or Sysinternals Streams.exe reveal ADS, which are invisible in Windows Explorer and to standard `dir` commands.

About the CCDL2 Exam

The CCDL2 (Certified CyberDefender Level 2) is CyberDefenders' intermediate-to-advanced blue team certification targeting SOC analysts, DFIR professionals, and threat hunters. The 48-hour browser-based practical exam tests real investigation skills across multi-stage enterprise incidents covering threat hunting, disk forensics, memory forensics, and network forensics. This practice bank covers the theoretical knowledge underpinning those investigation skills.

Assessment

Performance-based assessment

Time Limit

48 hours

Passing Score

Not published; graded manually on answers and methodology

Exam Fee

~£600 (~$800 USD) (CyberDefenders)

CCDL2 Exam Content Outline

25%

Threat Hunting

KQL and EQL queries in Elastic SIEM, Sysmon-based detection, MITRE ATT&CK TTP hunting (Kerberoasting, AS-REP Roasting, LOLBAS, beaconing), hunt hypothesis development

25%

Disk Forensics

NTFS artifact analysis (MFT, ADS, timestamps, $LogFile), Windows Registry forensics (persistence, USB, ShellBags, UserAssist, AmCache), Prefetch, Eric Zimmerman tools (MFTECmd, PECmd, LECmd, JLECmd)

25%

Memory Forensics

Volatility 3 plugins (pslist, pstree, psscan, netscan, malfind, cmdline, cmdscan, handles, dlllist, vadinfo, memmap), process injection detection, DKOM rootkits, reflective DLL injection

15%

Network Forensics

PCAP analysis with Wireshark (TCP reassembly, display filters, stream analysis), NetworkMiner, Zeek log correlation, DNS tunneling, C2 beacon detection, JA3/JA3S fingerprinting

10%

Incident Response and Malware Analysis

NIST SP 800-61 lifecycle, evidence acquisition (DumpIt, FTK Imager, Velociraptor), chain of custody, static and dynamic malware analysis, YARA rules, sandbox analysis, MITRE ATT&CK mapping

How to Pass the CCDL2 Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Not published; graded manually on answers and methodology
  • Assessment: Performance-based assessment
  • Time limit: 48 hours
  • Exam fee: ~£600 (~$800 USD)

Keys to Passing

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

CCDL2 Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master Volatility 3 plugins — know which plugin extracts what data (netscan for connections, malfind for injection, cmdscan for history)
2Learn all Windows event IDs relevant to DFIR: 4624 (logon), 4625 (failed logon), 4688 (process creation), 4698 (scheduled task), 4769 (Kerberos TGS), 7045 (service install)
3Practice KQL and EQL in Elastic SIEM — both syntax and use cases differ significantly from SQL or other query languages
4Build a MITRE ATT&CK reference card mapping each tactic's top techniques to their observable artifacts and event IDs
5Get hands-on with Eric Zimmerman's tools (PECmd, MFTECmd, LECmd, JLECmd, RECmd) — these are essential for Windows disk forensics
6Complete all CCDL2 course labs and bonus content — finishing labs provides a 5% score bonus if you're near the passing threshold
7Take regular breaks during the 48-hour exam — sustained cognitive performance is critical for forensic analysis accuracy
8Document every step meticulously — partial credit for methodology means your investigative notes are part of your score
9Practice PCAP analysis in Wireshark until display filters, TCP stream following, and protocol decoding feel natural

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the CCDL2 exam format?

The CCDL2 is a 48-hour practical hands-on exam conducted entirely in a browser-based environment. No VPN, special software, or additional tools are required. Candidates investigate multi-stage realistic incidents using provided tools including a dedicated Elastic SIEM instance. The exam is open-book — you can reference course materials, notes, and the internet. Grading is manual and evaluates both your final answers and your documented investigative methodology.

What domains does the CCDL2 cover?

The CCDL2 exam covers four primary domains: Threat Hunting (Elastic SIEM, KQL/EQL, behavioral detection), Disk Forensics (Windows artifacts, NTFS, Registry, EZ-Tools), Memory Forensics (Volatility 3, process injection, network connections), and Network Forensics (Wireshark, Zeek, PCAP analysis, C2 detection). The course also includes SecOps Fundamentals, Incident Response, Email Security, and Malware Analysis modules.

How should I prepare for the CCDL2?

Complete the full CCDL2 course including all 25+ labs and bonus materials. Study Windows event IDs thoroughly and build reference checklists. Practice Volatility 3 plugins on real memory images. Get comfortable with Elastic KQL/EQL for threat hunting. Learn Eric Zimmerman's forensic tool suite (PECmd, MFTECmd, LECmd, JLECmd). Practice documenting your methodology clearly — CCDL2 graders award partial credit for correct investigative process even when final answers are imperfect.

How long does CCDL2 grading take?

Manual grading of the CCDL2 exam typically takes up to 14 business days after submission. Grading is performed by CyberDefenders staff who evaluate both the accuracy of findings and the quality of documented methodology. Delays can occur during organizational breaks. CyberDefenders provides feedback on exam performance.

Is the CCDL2 worth it for career advancement?

The CCDL2 is particularly valuable for SOC analysts (Tier 2-3), DFIR professionals, and threat hunters who want to demonstrate hands-on investigation skills. Unlike MCQ-only certifications, the practical format proves real capability to employers. It complements vendor-specific certifications and positions candidates for roles including Senior SOC Analyst ($90,000-130,000), DFIR Investigator ($95,000-140,000), and Threat Hunter ($100,000-150,000).

Is this practice exam similar to the real CCDL2?

No — this is a multiple-choice knowledge practice exam. The real CCDL2 is a hands-on practical investigation exam where you actively analyze evidence in a lab environment. This practice exam tests the theoretical knowledge that underpins those investigations: DFIR concepts, tool capabilities, Windows internals, network protocols, and MITRE ATT&CK TTPs. Pair this with hands-on lab practice on the CyberDefenders platform for complete preparation.