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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: INRAT Exam

Exam Questions

Transport Canada

3 hours

Exam Time Limit

Transport Canada

70%

Passing Mark

Transport Canada

$35

Exam Fee (CAD)

Transport Canada

24 mo

Exam Validity

CAR 401.03

4 sectors

Syllabus Areas

TP 691E Guide

The INRAT is a 50-question, 3-hour exam with a 70% passing score, costing $35 per attempt. The exam is valid for 24 months and covers Canadian air law, alternate aerodrome planning, weather charts (GFA, TAF), navigation aids (VOR, NDB, GPS, ILS), and human factors.

Sample INRAT Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your INRAT exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1When planning an IFR flight to an alternate aerodrome that has two or more usable precision approaches to separate suitable runways, what is the standard alternate weather minimum requirement (in the absence of non-standard alternate minima)?

A.600 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility

B.800 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility

C.400 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility

D.300 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility

Explanation: According to the Canada Air Pilot (CAP) and TC AIM, when an alternate aerodrome is served by two or more usable precision approaches, each to separate suitable runways, the standard alternate minimum is a ceiling of 400 feet and visibility of 1 statute mile (or 200 feet above the lowest usable HAT and 1/2 mile above the lowest usable visibility, whichever is greater). This provides the highest level of safety and flexibility for planning.

2Under Canadian Aviation Regulations, what is the standard alternate aerodrome weather minimum if the alternate has only one usable precision approach?

A.400 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility

B.600 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility

C.800 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility

D.No alternate is required if one precision approach is available

Explanation: When an alternate aerodrome has only one usable precision approach, the standard planning minima is 600-2 (a ceiling of 600 feet and visibility of 2 statute miles) or 300 feet and 1 statute mile above the lowest usable HAT/visibility, whichever is greater. This is a standard planning requirement under CARs.

3If you are planning an IFR flight and the alternate aerodrome has only one or more usable non-precision approaches, what is the base alternate weather minimum?

A.600 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility

B.700 feet ceiling and 1.5 statute miles visibility

C.800 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility

D.1,000 feet ceiling and 3 statute miles visibility

Explanation: For an alternate aerodrome with one or more usable non-precision approaches, the standard minima is 800-2 (800 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility) or 300 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile above the lowest usable HAT/HAA and visibility, whichever is greater.

4Using the Canadian IFR alternate weather minima sliding scale, if the base minimum required for your alternate aerodrome is 600-2, which of the following forecast weather combinations is also legal?

A.500 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility

B.700 feet ceiling and 1.5 statute miles visibility

C.700 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility

D.800 feet ceiling and 0.5 statute miles visibility

Explanation: Under the CAP sliding scale, a base minimum of 600-2 can slide to either 700 feet ceiling and 1.5 statute miles visibility, or 800 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility. This allows a lower visibility if the ceiling is higher, maintaining an equivalent safety buffer.

5Under the Canadian alternate minima sliding scale, if the base minimum for your alternate is 800-2, which weather forecast combination can be used?

A.900 feet ceiling and 1.5 statute miles visibility

B.900 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility

C.1,000 feet ceiling and 0.5 statute miles visibility

D.700 feet ceiling and 2.5 statute miles visibility

Explanation: For an alternate with non-precision approaches only (base 800-2), the sliding scale allows planning with a forecast of 900-1.5 (900 feet ceiling and 1.5 statute miles visibility) or 1,000-1 (1,000 feet ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility).

6What are the IFR fuel requirements for a propeller-driven aeroplane under CAR 602.88?

A.Fly to the destination, fly to the alternate, and then fly for 30 minutes at normal cruising speed

B.Fly to the destination, execute an approach and a missed approach, fly to the alternate, and then fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed

C.Fly to the destination, execute an approach, and then fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed

D.Fly to the destination, fly to the alternate, and then fly for 45 minutes at holding speed

Explanation: CAR 602.88 requires a propeller-driven aeroplane operating IFR to carry sufficient fuel to fly to the destination, execute an approach and a missed approach, fly to the alternate aerodrome (if specified), and then fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed. This ensures a robust safety margin.

7When flying in the Altimeter Setting Region of Canada, when should a pilot reset the altimeter to standard pressure (29.92 inches of mercury or 1013.2 hPa)?

A.Immediately before reaching 18,000 feet ASL during the climb

B.Just prior to entering the Standard Pressure Region

C.Immediately prior to descending through 18,000 feet ASL

D.When passing through the transition altitude (18,000 feet ASL) or immediately after entering the Standard Pressure Region

Explanation: In Canada, the boundary between the Altimeter Setting Region (low altitude airspace) and the Standard Pressure Region (high altitude airspace) is 18,000 feet ASL. Under CAR 602.37, when climbing out of the Altimeter Setting Region the pilot must set the altimeter to 29.92 inches of mercury immediately after the aircraft enters the Standard Pressure Region.

8When planning an IFR flight, if the altimeter setting at your destination or alternate aerodrome is exceptionally high, specifically exceeding 31.00 inches of mercury, what action must the pilot take?

A.No adjustment is required as modern altimeters can accommodate any setting

B.Add 100 feet to the published alternate minima ceiling and 1/4 statute mile to the visibility

C.Add 100 feet to all approach minima (DA/MDA) and alternate minima ceiling

D.Cancel the flight because altimeters are not certified for settings above 31.00" Hg

Explanation: Under the TC AIM and AIP Canada, when the altimeter setting exceeds 31.00" Hg most altimeters cannot be set that high and therefore read higher than the aircraft's actual altitude. When flight planning, to determine the suitability of destination and alternate aerodromes the pilot must increase the required ceiling by 100 feet and the required visibility by 1/4 statute mile for each 1/10 inch of mercury (or portion thereof) over 31.00 inches. Enroute below 18,000 feet ASL the altimeter is set to 31.00 inches, and on the approach 31.00 inches is kept set with the DA/MDA deemed reached when the published altitude is displayed.

9What is the maximum holding speed in Canada for a civil propeller-driven or jet aircraft holding at or below 6,000 feet ASL?

A.175 KIAS

B.200 KIAS

C.230 KIAS

D.265 KIAS

Explanation: In Canadian airspace, the maximum speed in a holding pattern at or below 6,000 feet ASL is 200 KIAS. This is defined to keep the aircraft within the protected airspace of the holding pattern template.

10What is the standard inbound leg timing for a holding pattern in Canada when holding at or below 14,000 feet ASL?

A.45 seconds

B.1 minute

C.1 minute and 30 seconds

D.2 minutes

Explanation: In Canada, the standard timing for the inbound leg of a holding pattern is 1 minute when holding at or below 14,000 feet ASL. Above 14,000 feet ASL, the standard inbound leg timing is 1.5 minutes.

About the INRAT Exam

The Transport Canada Instrument Rating (INRAT) written examination tests the theoretical knowledge required to command an aircraft under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) in Canada. The exam covers four key areas: Air Law, Meteorology, Navigation Aids/Communications, and Human Factors/Airmanship. It features a mix of general knowledge questions and flight planning questions requiring pilots to interpret charts (CAP, CFS, LO/LO-HI charts) and perform calculations with a flight computer.

Assessment

50 multiple-choice questions

Time Limit

3 hours

Passing Score

70%

Exam Fee

$35 (Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA))

INRAT Exam Content Outline

30%

Air Law and IFR Procedures

Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) for IFR, airspace classifications, alternate aerodrome weather requirements (sliding scale), holding entries, and lost communications.

25%

Meteorology

Graphical Area Forecasts (GFA), Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF), METARs, weather systems, aircraft icing types, turbulence, and cold temperature altimeter corrections.

30%

Instrumentation, Navigation Aids, and Radio Communications

Operation and errors of VOR, NDB/ADF, ILS, GPS/GNSS, WAAS, gyroscopic flight instruments, pitot-static system blockages, and transponder codes.

15%

Human Factors and Safety

Hypoxia types, spatial disorientation (somatogravic, Coriolis, leans), runway optical illusions, pilot decision-making processes, scan techniques, and spatial awareness.

How to Pass the INRAT Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 70%
Assessment: 50 multiple-choice questions
Time limit: 3 hours
Exam fee: $35

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

INRAT Study Tips from Top Performers

1Memorize the CAP alternate minima table and the sliding scale (600-2 slides to 700-1.5 and 800-1; 800-2 slides to 900-1.5 and 1000-1).

2Be proficient in decoding GFAs, TAFs, and METARs, including wind shear and TEMPO/PROB conditions.

3Understand standard holding entry sectors (Direct, Parallel, Teardrop) based on your inbound heading relative to the holding fix.

4Know the cold temperature altimeter correction formula and when it must be applied to approach altitudes.

5Learn the indications of pilot-static blockages: what happens to the airspeed, altimeter, and VSI when the pitot tube, static port, or both are blocked.

6Master GPS terminology and limitations, specifically RAIM requirements and the difference between LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, and LPV approaches.

7Study spatial disorientation illusions, such as the somatogravic illusion during acceleration or runway width illusions on landing.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the passing score and format of the INRAT?

The INRAT exam consists of 50 multiple-choice questions. The passing score is 70%, which means you must answer at least 35 questions correctly. You are given 3 hours to complete the examination.

How long is the INRAT exam pass valid?

The INRAT written exam is valid for 24 months. You must complete your practical flight training and pass the Instrument Rating flight test within these 24 months to obtain your rating, otherwise you will have to rewrite the exam.

What tools can I use during the INRAT exam?

You are required to bring standard flight planning tools, including a manual flight computer (E6B or CX-3 electronic flight computer), a protractor, a ruler, and pencil/eraser. Transport Canada provides the required reference material booklet containing sample charts (CAP and CFS extracts) during the test.

What are the Canadian alternate aerodrome weather requirements?

Under CARs, if your alternate has 2 usable precision runways, requirements are 400-1; for 1 precision runway, they are 600-2; and for non-precision approaches only, they are 800-2. A sliding scale allows adjustments (such as 700-1.5 or 800-1 for a 600-2 base).

What is the retake policy for a failed INRAT exam?

If you fail the INRAT, you must wait 14 days before writing again on your first fail. A second failure requires a 30-day waiting period, and subsequent failures require a cumulative 30 days per fail (e.g. 60 days, 90 days, up to 180 days).