100+ Free BONENT CHT Practice Questions

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Osmosis in dialysis refers to the movement of:

Solutes via convection

Water from low to high solute concentration

Toxins via transmembrane pressure

Solutes from dialysate to blood

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: BONENT CHT Exam

150

Multiple-Choice Questions

BONENT

3 hrs

Exam Length

BONENT

70%

Passing Score

BONENT

$235–$255

Exam Fee (PPE/CBT)

BONENT

12 months

Required HD Technician Experience

BONENT eligibility

4 years

Certification Validity

BONENT

45%

Patient Care Blueprint Weight

BONENT exam blueprint

18 months

Federal Deadline to Certify After Hire (CMS ESRD)

CMS ESRD Conditions for Coverage

The BONENT CHT exam is 150 multiple-choice questions over 3 hours, costs $235–$255, and requires 70% to pass. Eligibility requires a high school diploma and 12 months of hemodialysis technician experience with supervisor verification. Federal ESRD regulations mandate technician certification within 18 months of hire. The 4-year credential is the primary BONENT certification for dialysis technicians.

Sample BONENT CHT Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your BONENT CHT exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which transport mechanism moves solutes across a dialysis membrane down a concentration gradient without requiring pressure?

A.Ultrafiltration

B.Convection

C.Diffusion

D.Osmosis

Explanation: Diffusion moves solutes from high to low concentration across the semipermeable membrane. It is the primary mechanism for small-solute clearance (urea, creatinine, potassium) in standard hemodialysis and requires no transmembrane pressure.

2Osmosis in dialysis refers to the movement of:

A.Solutes from dialysate to blood

B.Water from low to high solute concentration

C.Toxins via transmembrane pressure

D.Solutes via convection

Explanation: Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration. In hemodialysis, sodium-based osmotic gradients can cause fluid shifts into the blood compartment if dialysate sodium is elevated.

3Ultrafiltration during hemodialysis is achieved by:

A.Increasing dialysate flow rate

B.Applying transmembrane pressure across the dialyzer membrane

C.Raising dialysate bicarbonate

D.Reducing blood pump speed

Explanation: Ultrafiltration (UF) is the removal of excess fluid from the patient. It is driven by a positive transmembrane pressure (TMP) created by the dialysis machine, forcing water and small solutes from the blood compartment across the membrane into the dialysate.

4Convective transport in hemodialysis occurs when:

A.Solutes diffuse along a concentration gradient

B.Solutes are dragged across the membrane with ultrafiltrate

C.The blood pump generates negative pressure

D.Dialysate sodium is higher than plasma sodium

Explanation: Convection (solvent drag) moves solutes across the membrane together with the ultrafiltrate driven by TMP. High-flux and hemodiafiltration (HDF) modalities rely heavily on convection to clear middle molecules such as beta-2 microglobulin.

5A high-flux dialyzer is characterized by:

A.Low hydraulic permeability and poor beta-2 microglobulin clearance

B.High hydraulic permeability and effective middle-molecule clearance

C.Cellulose membrane requiring complement activation

D.Use only in slow continuous therapies

Explanation: High-flux dialyzers have large pore sizes and high hydraulic permeability (Kuf > 20 mL/hr/mmHg), allowing effective clearance of middle molecules such as beta-2 microglobulin (MW ~11,800 Da). They are the current standard in most chronic HD units.

6The blood path in a modern hollow-fiber dialyzer runs:

A.Through the shell side surrounding the fibers

B.Inside the hollow fibers from inlet to outlet header

C.In a flat-plate configuration between membranes

D.Countercurrent only in high-flux models

Explanation: In hollow-fiber dialyzers, blood flows through the lumens of thousands of hollow synthetic fibers. Dialysate flows countercurrently on the shell (outside) of the fibers. This design maximizes surface area and diffusion efficiency.

7The minimum Urea Reduction Ratio (URR) recommended by KDOQI for thrice-weekly hemodialysis is:

A.55%

B.60%

C.65%

D.75%

Explanation: KDOQI recommends a minimum URR of 65% for thrice-weekly HD. URR = (pre-BUN − post-BUN) / pre-BUN × 100. A URR below 65% indicates inadequate dialysis and should prompt review of treatment time, blood flow, dialyzer, or access recirculation.

8The target single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) for a thrice-weekly hemodialysis patient per KDOQI guidelines is at least:

A.0.8

B.1.0

C.1.2

D.1.4

Explanation: KDOQI recommends a delivered spKt/V of at least 1.2 per treatment for thrice-weekly HD. Values below 1.2 are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The target is 1.4 when using a single-pool model to ensure the minimum 1.2 is reliably delivered.

9The most commonly used anticoagulant in routine hemodialysis is:

A.Warfarin

B.Unfractionated heparin

C.Citrate

D.Argatroban

Explanation: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the standard anticoagulant for hemodialysis. It is given as a bolus at initiation and a continuous infusion to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circuit. It is inexpensive, easily reversed with protamine, and has a short half-life (~1–1.5 hours).

10Per the KDOQI Fistula First initiative, the preferred permanent vascular access for hemodialysis is:

A.Tunneled dialysis catheter

B.Arteriovenous graft (AVG)

C.Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)

D.Non-tunneled catheter

Explanation: The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold-standard access per KDOQI and the Fistula First/Catheter Last initiative because it has the longest patency, lowest infection rate, and best survival outcomes compared to grafts or catheters.

About the BONENT CHT Exam

The BONENT CHT credential certifies hemodialysis technicians who set up and operate dialysis equipment, care for vascular access, monitor patients during treatment, and maintain water treatment systems. The exam covers patient care (45%), water treatment (15%), infection control (18%), machine technology (12%), and professional development (10%).

Questions

150 scored questions

Time Limit

3 hours

Passing Score

70%

Exam Fee

$235–$255 (BONENT (Board of Nephrology Examiners Nursing and Technology))

BONENT CHT Exam Content Outline

45%

Patient Care

Vascular access, intradialytic monitoring, complication management, patient education

18%

Infection Control

CDC hemodialysis precautions, hepatitis B isolation, machine disinfection, catheter bundles

15%

Water Treatment

RO, carbon, DI, UV, AAMI ANSI/AAMI RD62 standards, chemical testing

12%

Machine Technology

Dialyzer setup, priming, rinse-back, alarms, anticoagulation delivery

10%

Education and Professional Development

CMS ESRD conditions of coverage, ESRD QIP, ethics, advance directives

How to Pass the BONENT CHT Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 70%
Exam length: 150 questions
Time limit: 3 hours
Exam fee: $235–$255

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

BONENT CHT Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master the five blueprint domains by weight: Patient Care (45%) is the largest — focus on IDH protocols, vascular access cannulation techniques, and complication management

2Know AAMI water quality standards cold: product water bacteria <200 CFU/mL (action level 50), total chlorine <0.1 mg/L, aluminum <0.1 mg/L; ultrapure water for OL-HDF <0.1 CFU/mL

3Drill KDOQI adequacy targets: spKt/V ≥1.2, URR ≥65%, UFR <13 mL/kg/hr (ESRD QIP); practice URR calculation = (pre-BUN − post-BUN) / pre-BUN × 100

4Review CDC hemodialysis-specific precautions: HBsAg-positive patients require dedicated machines, chairs, and staff — this is unique to dialysis vs. standard hospital precautions

5Learn all alarm responses: high venous pressure (clot/kink), low arterial pressure (access problem), air detector (never bypass), conductivity alarm (stop treatment — risk of hemolysis), blood leak alarm (confirm and stop)

6Know the cannulation techniques: buttonhole (same site, aseptic technique, fibrous tunnel), rope-ladder (rotates along entire fistula), area (avoid — aneurysm risk)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the BONENT CHT exam?

The BONENT Certified Hemodialysis Technologist/Technician (CHT) exam is a 150-question, 3-hour multiple-choice test for dialysis technicians. Administered by BONENT (Board of Nephrology Examiners Nursing and Technology), it covers patient care, water treatment, infection control, machine technology, and professional development. Federal ESRD regulations require all hemodialysis technicians to become certified within 18 months of hire.

How much does the BONENT CHT exam cost?

The BONENT CHT exam costs $235 for the paper-and-pencil format and $255 for computer-based testing (CBT). Confirm the current fee on the BONENT website before applying. The credential is valid for 4 years and requires recertification by continuing education or re-examination.

What are the eligibility requirements for the CHT exam?

Candidates need a high school diploma or equivalent and a minimum of 12 months of hemodialysis technician experience in an ESRD facility, with supervisor verification. Active employment at an ESRD facility is required. CMS ESRD regulations mandate technician certification within 18 months of employment.

What is the passing score for the CHT exam?

The BONENT CHT passing score is 70%. Score reports are typically available immediately after computer-based testing. Candidates who do not pass receive a performance breakdown by content domain to guide re-study efforts.

How does the CHT differ from the CCHT (NNCC)?

Both CHT (BONENT) and CCHT (Nephrology Nursing Certification Commission) are technician-level hemodialysis certifications that satisfy federal CMS ESRD certification requirements. The CHT is administered by BONENT while the CCHT is administered by NNCC. Both cover similar content areas and are accepted by dialysis facilities nationwide.

How should I study for the CHT exam?

Plan 60–100 hours over 6–12 weeks. Focus on the five blueprint domains: patient care (vascular access, IDH protocols, complications), water treatment (AAMI standards, chloramine limits, RO percent rejection), infection control (CDC hemodialysis precautions, hepatitis B isolation), machine technology (alarms, priming, UF), and professional development (CMS CfC, ESRD QIP). Use the BONENT candidate handbook for the official content outline and supplement with this free 100-question bank.