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100+ Free Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen Practice Questions

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Key Facts: Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen Exam

€0

Examination Fee for 1st & 2nd Attempt at the Module Examinations and Unternehmerprüfung (Federally Funded Since 2024)

WKO Meisterprüfungsstellen Gebührenbefreiung / Meister- und Befähigungsprüfungs-Finanzierungsgesetz

Level 6

NQR / EQF Qualification Framework Level (Bachelor-Equivalent Master Competence)

§ 2 Sprengungsunternehmen-Befähigungsprüfungsordnung / NQR-Gesetz

4 Modules

Examination Structure (FK-V Practical Competence, Written Project Paper, Oral Commission Exam, Unternehmerprüfung)

Sprengungsunternehmen-Befähigungsprüfungsordnung (PO BI in force since 1 March 2021)

SprengV

Austrian Blasting Works Ordinance (Sprengarbeitenverordnung, BGBl. II Nr. 358/2004)

Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS)

§ 94 Z 65

Regulated Trade Listing in the Austrian Trade Code (Gewerbeordnung 1994)

Gewerbeordnung 1994 (GewO 1994)

5 Qualifications

FK-V Specialist Blasting Certificates (General, Deep Borehole, Underwater, Hot Mass, Avalanche Release)

Fachkenntnisnachweis-Verordnung (FK-V, BGBl. II Nr. 13/2007), § 2 Z 1 lit. c iVm §§ 5–9 and Anhang 3

1-2-3

Acoustic Horn Signal Sequence (1 Long = Clear; 2 Short = Fire; 3 Short = Blasting Finished)

Sprengarbeitenverordnung (SprengV) § 16

ÖNORM S 9020

Austrian Structural Vibration Protection Standard for Commercial Blasting

Austrian Standards International

The Austrian Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen is the NQR Level 6 competence qualification administered by the WKO across 4 modules: the FK-V general blasting training with Sprengbefugten examination, a written project paper, a three-subject oral commission exam, and the Unternehmerprüfung (business management).

Sample Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What is the typical density, detonation velocity (VOD), and key operational characteristic of gelatinous dynamites (e.g. Eurodyn / Donarit / Gelamon) used in Austrian commercial blasting?
A.High density (approx. 1.40 to 1.50 g/cm³), high detonation velocity (approx. 5,500 to 6,500 m/s), exceptional brisance, and outstanding water resistance.
B.Low density (approx. 0.85 g/cm³), moderate detonation velocity (approx. 3,000 m/s), and no water resistance, requiring booster initiation.
C.Very high density (approx. 2.0 g/cm³) with a deflagration velocity below 500 m/s and complete immunity to aging.
D.A pourable slurry of pure nitroglycerin without oxidizer salts, detonating at over 8,000 m/s.
Explanation: Gelatinous dynamites are formulated from nitroglycerin/nitroglycol gelatinized with nitrocellulose, combined with ammonium nitrate and wood meal. They exhibit high density (1.4–1.5 g/cm³), high velocity of detonation (5,500–6,500 m/s), high brisance (shattering power), and excellent resistance to standing water, making them ideal bottom charges.
2What is the stoichiometric formulation and key physical limitation of standard bulk ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate / Fuel Oil, known in Austria as Andex)?
A.75% Potassium Nitrate and 25% Nitrocellulose; waterproof and cap-sensitive.
B.94.3% porous Ammonium Nitrate prills and 5.7% Fuel Oil (diesel); non-cap-sensitive, low density (~0.85 g/cm³), low VOD (~3,000 m/s), and zero water resistance.
C.50% TNT and 50% RDX; hypersensitive to minor electrostatic friction.
D.100% pure Ammonium Nitrate prills without any fuel component; fully cap-sensitive with maximum energy output.
Explanation: Standard stoichiometric ANFO consists of 94.3% porous ammonium nitrate prills and 5.7% fuel oil by weight, providing zero oxygen balance. It has low density (~0.85 g/cm³), moderate detonation velocity (approx. 2,500–3,500 m/s), requires a high-explosive booster (booster-sensitive only), and dissolves rapidly in water, precluding its use in wet blast holes without protective liners.
3How do modern commercial emulsion explosives (Emulsionssprengstoffe) achieve stable detonation sensitivity and high velocity?
A.By dissolving ammonium nitrate crystals in liquid nitroglycerin to form a pourable gel.
B.By adding liquid nitroglycerin until the mixture becomes highly sensitive to impact.
C.Through a water-in-oil emulsion structure containing microscopic droplets of aqueous nitrate oxidizer solution suspended in a continuous fuel/oil matrix, sensitized by microscopic hollow glass or plastic microspheres (Mikrohohlkugeln) that create adiabatic hot spots upon shock compression.
D.By grinding oxidizer and fuel to sub-micron powder and pressing out all air voids to maximize density.
Explanation: Emulsion explosives consist of supersaturated aqueous oxidizer droplets (ammonium/sodium nitrate) dispersed within a continuous oil/wax fuel phase. Sensitizing micro-balloons (microscopic hollow glass spheres or chemical gassing bubbles) compress adiabatically under the initial shock wave, generating intense microscopic hot spots that initiate rapid chemical reaction at velocities of 4,500–5,500 m/s with excellent water resistance.
4What is the direct toxicological consequence of a strongly negative versus a strongly positive Oxygen Balance (Sauerstoffbilanz) in commercial blasting explosives?
A.A negative balance produces excess nitrogen oxides; a positive balance produces carbon monoxide.
B.A negative balance raises detonation velocity beyond 8,000 m/s; a positive balance reduces it below 1,000 m/s.
C.Oxygen balance affects only brisance and has no influence on fume composition.
D.A negative oxygen balance (fuel-rich) generates lethal Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas, whereas a positive oxygen balance (oxidizer-rich) generates highly toxic Nitrogen Oxides (NOx / nitrous fumes).
Explanation: Oxygen balance measures whether an explosive contains sufficient internal oxygen to fully oxidize all carbon to CO2 and hydrogen to H2O. A fuel-rich mixture (negative oxygen balance) starves the reaction of oxygen, yielding lethal, odorless carbon monoxide (CO). An oxidizer-rich mixture (positive oxygen balance) produces reddish-brown, highly toxic nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide fumes (NOx).
5Why is black powder (Schwarzpulver / Sprengpulver) specifically selected in dimensional stone quarrying (Natursteingewinnung for granite and marble blocks) rather than high-velocity dynamites?
A.Black powder deflagrates at subsonic velocities (~300 to 500 m/s), producing expanding gas volume that gently heaves and splits intact stone blocks along natural bedding planes without creating shattering micro-fissures.
B.Black powder has a higher detonation velocity than pure TNT.
C.Black powder detonates at about 7,000 m/s, pulverizing the stone into fine aggregate.
D.Black powder is simply the cheapest explosive per kilogram, which is the sole reason for its selection.
Explanation: High-explosive dynamites generate intense supersonic shock waves and high peak pressures (10–20 GPa) that shatter rock into fragments and introduce microscopic cracks (Mikrorisse), ruining valuable marble and granite blocks. Deflagrating black powder generates moderate pressure (0.1–0.5 GPa) and large gas volume, gently splitting large dimensional stone blocks intact.
6What is the core explosive substance and typical detonation velocity of flexible detonating cord (Sprengschnur)?
A.RDX crystalline core enclosed in a lead sheath; approx. 8,500 m/s.
B.Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN / Nitropenta) crystalline core enclosed in braided textile and plastic outer sheath; detonation velocity approximately 7,000 m/s.
C.Black powder core in a textile wrapping; approx. 400 m/s.
D.TNT flake core in a paper sheath; approx. 5,000 m/s.
Explanation: Commercial detonating cord contains a uniform core of crystalline PETN (Nitropenta) wrapped in multi-ply spun textile yarns and enclosed in a waterproof plastic jacket. Standard core loads range from 5 g/m to 100 g/m (commonly 10–12 g/m for branch lines), propagating at an exceptionally high, consistent detonation velocity of approx. 6,800 to 7,200 m/s.
7What is the composition and function of cast boosters / primers (Verstärkerladungen, e.g. Pentolite boosters) in quarry bench blasting?
A.A granular ANFO charge with extra fuel oil added to raise its detonation pressure.
B.A low-density ammonium nitrate prill pack that cushions the detonator shock.
C.A cast molecular high explosive composed of Pentolite (PETN and TNT blend) possessing high detonation pressure (approx. 20 GPa) and high VOD (approx. 7,500 m/s) to reliably initiate non-cap-sensitive bulk ANFO and emulsion agents.
D.An inert gypsum spacer separating the detonator from the column charge.
Explanation: Bulk blasting agents like ANFO and heavy emulsions cannot be initiated directly by standard No. 8 detonators (they are non-cap-sensitive). Cast primers (typically 50/50 Pentolite: PETN and TNT) provide an intense high-pressure shock pulse (>200 kbar / 20 GPa) with detonation velocities exceeding 7,500 m/s to reliably overdrive the bulk column to full steady-state detonation.
8What is the 'critical diameter' (Kritischer Durchmesser) of an explosive substance, and how does it differ between cap-sensitive dynamites and unconfined ANFO?
A.The charge diameter at which detonation velocity reaches its maximum value.
B.The borehole diameter at which the explosive reaches its maximum gas pressure.
C.The minimum primer diameter required relative to the column charge diameter.
D.The minimum physical column charge diameter below which a steady-state detonation wave cannot self-sustain and dies out due to lateral energy loss (very small for dynamite at < 15 mm, but large for unconfined ANFO at approx. 50–75 mm).
Explanation: Critical diameter is a fundamental physical property: if an explosive column is smaller than its critical diameter, lateral expansion and shock energy dissipation bleed energy faster than the reaction zone can generate it, leading to detonation failure. Cap-sensitive dynamites and emulsions have small critical diameters (<15–25 mm), whereas unconfined ANFO requires 50–75 mm.
9How is the brisance (Brisanz / Zertrümmerungsfähigkeit) of a commercial high explosive physically defined and related to its detonation parameters?
A.Brisance is the shattering power of an explosive, governed by the peak Chapman-Jouguet detonation pressure which is approximately proportional to explosive density multiplied by the square of the detonation velocity (P_det ≈ 1/4 * rho * D²).
B.Brisance is the total gas volume released per kilogram of explosive.
C.Brisance is the sensitivity of an explosive to shock initiation.
D.Brisance is the flame temperature reached at the detonation front.
Explanation: Brisance describes the dynamic shattering capacity of an explosive in the immediate vicinity of the charge before gas expansion takes over. Detonation pressure at the C-J state is approximated by P_det = (1 / (gamma + 1)) * rho * D² (approx. 1/4 * rho * D²). High density (rho) and high velocity of detonation (D) produce maximum brisance.
10Why must explosives used in underground tunneling (Tunnelvortrieb) be selected for low toxic fume generation (schwadenarm), and how is fume output verified?
A.Because low-fume explosives are always cheaper per kilogram; verified by weighing the cartridges before and after detonation.
B.Because toxic fumes increase the hardness of the broken rock and slow mucking; verified by visual inspection of the muckpile.
C.Because detonation of oxygen-imbalanced charges releases carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides that cannot dilute quickly in confined headings, endangering re-entering crews; the toxic gas volume per kilogram is quantified in standardized chamber testing per EN 13631-16 before an explosive is accepted underground.
D.Because Austrian law requires underground explosives to produce zero gaseous products; verified by the Trauzl lead block test.
Explanation: In confined underground headings, post-blast fumes (Schwaden) containing CO and NOx dilute slowly and can asphyxiate or poison returning crews, so low-fume ('schwadenarme') explosives with near-zero oxygen balance are specified. Toxic gas generation (CO and NOx per kilogram) is measured under the European chamber test method EN 13631-16 (detection and measurement of toxic gases), and ventilation/re-entry rules are planned around the result.

About the Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen Exam

The Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen is the official statutory trade competence examination in Austria for commercial blasting contractors. Sprengungsunternehmen is classified as a regulated trade (reglementiertes Gewerbe / Zuverlässigkeitsgewerbe) under § 94 Z 65 of the Austrian Trade Code (Gewerbeordnung 1994). Passing the Befähigungsprüfung entitles the holder to operate an independent commercial blasting enterprise, perform specialized surface and underground blasting, quarry bench blasting, trench blasting, underwater blasting, structural demolition blasting (Bauwerkssprengungen), and hot mass blasting, and to use the protected designations reserved for statutory qualification holders. This practice bank offers an English-language MCQ study adaptation covering explosives chemistry (dynamites, emulsions, ANFO), initiation circuits (electric, NONEL, electronic), blast geometry calculations, ground vibration prediction (ÖNORM S 9020 / DIN 4150), flyrock prevention, and statutory compliance with the Sprengarbeitenverordnung (SprengV), Fachkenntnisnachweis-Verordnung (FK-V), and Sprengmittelgesetz 2010 (SprG).

Assessment

Four modules under the Austrian Trade Code (GewO 1994 § 94 Z 65) and the Sprengungsunternehmen-Befähigungsprüfungsordnung (Bundesinnung der Bauhilfsgewerbe, in force since 1 March 2021), positioned at NQR Level 6. Modul 1 (Fachlich praktische Prüfung): the FK-V general blasting training (allgemeine Sprengarbeiten, §§ 5–9 FK-V) plus the Sprengbefugten examination under § 10 FK-V, evidenced by certificate and required before Modules 2 and 3. Modul 2 (Schriftliche Prüfung): a project-based written paper covering quotation, method and explosives selection, blast planning and execution, evaluation, storage and safety, and blasting liability insurance, designed for six hours and ended after seven. Modul 3 (Mündliche Prüfung): oral commission examination in three subjects - Kundenakquise und Projektplanung, Projektdurchführung, and Sicherheit bei Sprengarbeiten - each examination talk lasting 30 to 40 minutes. Modul 4: Unternehmerprüfung under the Unternehmerprüfungsordnung (BGBl. Nr. 452/1993).

Time Limit

Written project paper (Modul 2): 6 hours, ended after 7 hours; oral examination (Modul 3): 30–40 minutes per subject (three subjects); Modul 1 is evidenced by the FK-V training and Sprengbefugten examination rather than a timed sitting

Passing Score

Austrian school grade scale ('Sehr gut' to 'Nicht genügend'); Modul 2 is passed with at least 'Genügend' in its subject, Modul 3 with at least 'Genügend' in all three subjects (§ 11 Prüfungsordnung)

Exam Fee

Free for the 1st & 2nd attempt at the module examinations and the Unternehmerprüfung (federally funded since 1 Jan 2024, retroactive to 1 July 2023); from the 3rd attempt the Allgemeine Prüfungsordnung (BGBl. II Nr. 110/2004) schedule applies (WKO Meisterprüfungsstellen; Prüfungsordnung issued by the Bundesinnung der Bauhilfsgewerbe)

Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen Exam Content Outline

20% of this practice bank

Explosives Chemistry, Physics & Performance (Sprengstoffkunde & Physik)

Chemical composition, velocity of detonation (VOD), density, oxygen balance calculation, water resistance, brisance, toxic post-blast fumes (CO/NOx), and storage stability across dynamites, ANFO, and emulsions.

20% of this practice bank

Initiation Systems, Electrical Circuitry & Detonators (Zündmittel & Schaltungen)

Electric bridge wire detonator parameters (A, U), bridging wire resistance, series and parallel circuit Ohm's law current requirements, NONEL shock tube mechanisms, programmable electronic detonators, and blasting machines.

25% of this practice bank

Blast Design, Bench Geometry & Demolition Engineering (Sprengtechnik & Dimensionierung)

Surface bench design, burden (W), spacing (E), bench height (H), subdrill (U), specific charge (q) calculations, deck loading, crushed stone stemming (Splitt), structural demolition prep, and millisecond delay patterns.

20% of this practice bank

Vibration, Airblast, Flyrock Control & Environmental Safety (Erschütterungen & Schutz)

Ground vibration measurement, peak particle velocity (PPV) attenuation, scaled distance formulas, ÖNORM S 9020 / DIN 4150 structural guideline values, instantaneous maximum charge (Qmax), air overpressure mitigation, and flyrock shielding.

15% of this practice bank

Austrian Blasting Law, Safety Protocols & Site Management (SprengV, SprG & GewO)

Sprengarbeitenverordnung (SprengV) mandates: prohibition of drilling into old sockets (§ 10), electrical initiation and thunderstorm rules (§ 12), safety fuse two-minute minimum burn time (§ 14), acoustic warning signals (§ 16: 1 long = clear; 2 short = fire; 3 short = blasting finished), post-blast inspection (§ 17), misfire protocols (§ 18), FK-V qualifications, and SprG 2010 compliance.

How to Pass the Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Austrian school grade scale ('Sehr gut' to 'Nicht genügend'); Modul 2 is passed with at least 'Genügend' in its subject, Modul 3 with at least 'Genügend' in all three subjects (§ 11 Prüfungsordnung)
  • Assessment: Four modules under the Austrian Trade Code (GewO 1994 § 94 Z 65) and the Sprengungsunternehmen-Befähigungsprüfungsordnung (Bundesinnung der Bauhilfsgewerbe, in force since 1 March 2021), positioned at NQR Level 6. Modul 1 (Fachlich praktische Prüfung): the FK-V general blasting training (allgemeine Sprengarbeiten, §§ 5–9 FK-V) plus the Sprengbefugten examination under § 10 FK-V, evidenced by certificate and required before Modules 2 and 3. Modul 2 (Schriftliche Prüfung): a project-based written paper covering quotation, method and explosives selection, blast planning and execution, evaluation, storage and safety, and blasting liability insurance, designed for six hours and ended after seven. Modul 3 (Mündliche Prüfung): oral commission examination in three subjects - Kundenakquise und Projektplanung, Projektdurchführung, and Sicherheit bei Sprengarbeiten - each examination talk lasting 30 to 40 minutes. Modul 4: Unternehmerprüfung under the Unternehmerprüfungsordnung (BGBl. Nr. 452/1993).
  • Time limit: Written project paper (Modul 2): 6 hours, ended after 7 hours; oral examination (Modul 3): 30–40 minutes per subject (three subjects); Modul 1 is evidenced by the FK-V training and Sprengbefugten examination rather than a timed sitting
  • Exam fee: Free for the 1st & 2nd attempt at the module examinations and the Unternehmerprüfung (federally funded since 1 Jan 2024, retroactive to 1 July 2023); from the 3rd attempt the Allgemeine Prüfungsordnung (BGBl. II Nr. 110/2004) schedule applies

Keys to Passing

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Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master bench blasting geometric formulas: calculate rock volume V = W * E * H for a single hole or V = N * W * E * H for multiple holes, explosive charge weight Q = q * V, and stemming length (Besatzlänge l_b >= W) using crushed rock chips (Splitt 2–4 mm or 4–8 mm).
2Practise Ohm's law electrical initiation calculations: for a series circuit of U-type detonators, calculate total resistance R_tot = (N * R_detonator) + R_leadwire, and verify that the capacitor discharge blaster provides at least 1.5–2.0 A of current across the total load.
3Memorize the exact acoustic signals under § 16 SprengV: 1 long sound (clear danger zone / take cover), 2 short sounds (fire), and 3 short sounds (blasting finished - only after the § 17 post-blast inspection).
4Understand the strict statutory rules for misfires (Versager) under SprengV § 18: they must be cleared promptly by the Sprengbefugte; explosives or stemming must never be drilled out, and auxiliary relief boreholes next to a misfire as well as re-drilling or deepening remnant holes are expressly prohibited; allow for an enlarged scatter area when firing a misfire out and search for explosive residues afterwards.
5Review vibration prediction using scaled distance: R_red = R / sqrt(Q_max) for cylindrical/bench charges, and understand how ground vibration velocity v (mm/s) relates to instantaneous charge weight Q_max and distance R.
6Know the characteristics of key commercial explosives: Gelatinous dynamite (high density ~1.45 g/cm³, high VOD ~6000 m/s, excellent water resistance), ANFO (low density ~0.85 g/cm³, moderate VOD ~3000 m/s, zero water resistance), and Emulsion explosives (high VOD ~5000 m/s, excellent water resistance, low post-blast toxic fumes).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen in Austria?

The Befähigungsprüfung Sprengungsunternehmen is the official Austrian statutory competence examination for the commercial blasting contractor trade, listed as a regulated trade (reglementiertes Gewerbe / Zuverlässigkeitsgewerbe) in § 94 Z 65 of the Austrian Trade Code (GewO 1994). Administered by the Meisterprüfungsstellen of the Austrian Economic Chambers (WKO) under the Prüfungsordnung of the Bundesinnung der Bauhilfsgewerbe (in force since 1 March 2021), it qualifies holders at NQR Level 6 to independently operate a blasting contracting business and to plan and execute commercial blasting operations.

What are the 4 modules of the Austrian Sprengungsunternehmen Befähigungsprüfung?

The examination comprises 4 modules: Modul 1 is the practical competence module, evidenced by completing the FK-V general blasting training (allgemeine Sprengarbeiten, §§ 5–9 FK-V) and passing the Sprengbefugten examination under § 10 FK-V - it must be completed before Modules 2 and 3; Modul 2 is the written project-based paper (blast planning, method and explosives selection, execution, evaluation, storage, safety and insurance), designed for six hours and ended after seven; Modul 3 is the oral commission examination in three subjects (Kundenakquise und Projektplanung; Projektdurchführung; Sicherheit bei Sprengarbeiten), each lasting 30 to 40 minutes; and Modul 4 is the Unternehmerprüfung (business and legal management).

What are the mandatory acoustic blast signals under § 16 Sprengarbeitenverordnung (SprengV)?

Under § 16 of the Austrian Sprengarbeitenverordnung (SprengV), three distinct acoustic horn signals must be given in strict sequence: 1st Signal: One long blast (Einmaliger langer Ton) — 'Gefahrenbereich räumen oder Deckung aufsuchen' (clear the danger zone or take cover); 2nd Signal: Two short blasts (Zweimaliger kurzer Ton) — 'Zünden' (fire / ignition), which may only sound once no persons remain in the danger zone or all have effective cover; 3rd Signal: Three short blasts (Dreimaliger kurzer Ton) — 'Sprengen beendet' (blasting finished), which may only be given after the Sprengbefugte's post-blast inspection under § 17.

What vibration standards govern blasting in Austria?

In Austria, blasting-induced ground vibrations are assessed primarily under ÖNORM S 9020 ('Bauwerkserschütterungen') and the widely referenced DIN 4150-3 ('Erschütterungen im Bauwesen — Einwirkungen auf bauliche Anlagen'). These standards establish frequency-dependent peak particle velocity (PPV / Schwinggeschwindigkeit v in mm/s) guideline values across structural vulnerability classes (commercial/industrial, residential, and vibration-sensitive/historic listed buildings) to prevent structural damage.

How much does the Austrian Sprengungsunternehmen Befähigungsprüfung cost?

Since 1 January 2024 (applied retroactively to 1 July 2023), examination fees for the first and second attempts at the module examinations of Meister- and Befähigungsprüfungen and at the Unternehmerprüfung are 100% funded by the Austrian federal government and are completely free for candidates. Third and subsequent attempts are subject to the statutory fee schedule under the Allgemeine Prüfungsordnung (BGBl. II Nr. 110/2004) levied by the provincial WKO Meisterprüfungsstelle.

How does this practice bank adapt the Austrian Sprengungsunternehmen competence exam?

The official Austrian competence examination is conducted in German with the FK-V practical training and Sprengbefugten examination, a written project paper, and an oral commission interview before the WKO. This practice question bank is an English-language multiple-choice study adaptation - not an official translation or a simulation of the practical or oral components - designed to master explosives physics, initiation circuitry, bench blasting mathematics, vibration propagation, and Austrian safety regulations under SprengV, FK-V, SprG 2010, and GewO 1994.