Free GELE Exam Flashcards

The statute covers mathematics; surveying practice; property, cadastral, mining, geodetic, engineering, and construction surveys; cartography and photogrammetry; geodesy; and specified land, resource, property, and professional-law topics.

The Professional Regulatory Board of Geodetic Engineering regulates the profession within the PRC framework; the PRC administers the national licensure system and examination processes.

A candidate needs a weighted general average of at least 70% and must not receive a grade below 55% in any subject.

The candidate must re-examine only in the subject or subjects below 55%; the overall average alone does not satisfy the statutory passing rule.

Republic Act No. 8560 requires a one-year interval from the last examination before the next attempt.

It is the principle that lands and natural resources belong to the State unless a recognized legal basis establishes private ownership or a lawful grant.

Determine the land classification and the authority under which a disposition, survey, or occupation is claimed before treating the parcel as privately alienable land.

It identifies and relates parcel boundaries, corner monuments, areas, and adjoining claims so that land parcels can be located and described for registration and administration.

A registered geodetic engineer who prepares or supervises the work signs and seals the plan and is professionally accountable for that work.

Do not represent unverified work as competent professional work; obtain qualified assistance or decline the task while protecting the client's and public's interests.

If residual v equals observed minus adjusted, the correction equals adjusted minus observed, or -v.

Compute it as the sum of each observation times its weight divided by the sum of the weights. Higher weight gives an observation more influence.

It selects adjusted values that minimize the sum of weighted squared residuals while satisfying the applicable observation equations or constraints.

Variance is the average squared dispersion in the relevant model; standard deviation is its square root and is expressed in the observation's units.

Use the Pythagorean relation: square root of the squared easting difference plus the squared northing difference.

A derivative describes an instantaneous rate of change or slope; an integral accumulates a quantity, such as area under a curve or a change derived from a rate.

Use it when a known side-angle pair and another angle or side relate opposite sides and angles; each side divided by the sine of its opposite angle is constant.

Use it to solve a side from two sides and their included angle, or an angle from all three sides; it generalizes the Pythagorean theorem.

For planar equilibrium, the sums of forces in each coordinate direction and the sum of moments must each be zero.

For a future amount F after n periods at rate i, present worth is F divided by (1 + i) to the nth power.

Latitude is the north-south component and departure is the east-west component of the line, computed from its distance and direction.

It is the magnitude of the vector formed by the traverse's unbalanced latitude and departure after summing the measured lines.

Express it as total traverse length divided by linear error of closure, commonly stated as 1:n. A larger n indicates a smaller closure error relative to length.

It distributes a traverse's latitude and departure misclosure to each course in proportion to that course's length when angles and distances have comparable precision.

Height of instrument equals a known point elevation plus its backsight; an observed point elevation equals height of instrument minus its foresight or intermediate sight.

For radius R and intersection angle Delta, tangent length T equals R times tan(Delta divided by 2).

A control survey establishes an accurate reference framework; a detail survey locates features relative to that framework for mapping, design, or documentation.

Topographic work maps terrain and surface features; hydrographic work measures water bodies and submerged features; cadastral work identifies parcel boundaries and land interests.

Random error varies unpredictably among observations and is reduced by repetition and adjustment; systematic error has a consistent cause and requires calibration, modeling, or correction.

It detects transcription, arithmetic, setup, and identification errors before mathematical adjustment masks them as ordinary observation residuals.

It is a defined reference system, including a reference ellipsoid and its position and orientation, used to express geographic or geocentric coordinates consistently.

Geodetic latitude is the angle between the ellipsoid normal and the equatorial plane; geocentric latitude is the angle between the Earth's center-to-point radius and that plane.

The ellipsoid is a mathematical reference surface, while the geoid approximates a gravity-related mean-sea-level surface. Ellipsoidal height h, orthometric height H, and geoid undulation N relate as H = h - N.

It is the angular difference between grid north and geodetic north at a location, so a grid bearing or azimuth may need a convergence correction when related to geodetic directions.

Pseudorange is code-based and gives meter-level raw range information; carrier phase measures the signal's phase with much higher precision but requires resolving integer ambiguities.

An almanac provides coarse orbital and status information for the constellation; an ephemeris gives precise, time-specific orbit information for an individual satellite.

It occurs when reflected signals reach the antenna in addition to the direct signal, biasing code and carrier observations. Good site selection and antenna practices help reduce it.

Static surveying uses longer simultaneous observations and later processing for high-accuracy baselines; RTK uses real-time corrections to provide centimeter-level positions when conditions and ambiguities permit.

Triangulation primarily derives positions from measured angles, trilateration from measured distances, and traversing from connected measured lengths and directions or angles.

Horizontal control establishes plan position coordinates; vertical control establishes elevations or height differences. A network adjustment evaluates their observations together under their respective models.

Choose a projection according to the map's purpose, area, orientation, extent, and the property that must be best preserved, such as shape, area, distance, or direction.

A conformal projection preserves local angles and shapes but distorts area; an equal-area projection preserves relative area but generally distorts local shapes or angles.

Identify each dataset's datum, projection, coordinate reference system, units, and transformation parameters; convert through an appropriate documented transformation before overlaying or measuring.

A scale of 1:N means one unit on the map represents N of the same units on the ground. A smaller denominator is a larger-scale, more detailed map.

The plotted plan must communicate the parcel geometry and survey basis clearly, including identifiable corners and boundary lines, measurements or coordinates, scale, north reference, and the responsible professional's required certification.

Vector data represents discrete points, lines, and polygons with coordinates and attributes; raster data stores values in a grid of cells, useful for imagery and continuous surfaces.

Spatial attributes describe location or geometry; nonspatial attributes describe associated facts, such as a parcel identifier, land use, owner field, or survey date.

It is the stated vertical reference for reported depths or soundings. Using the correct datum lets mariners and map users interpret water depths consistently.

For a near-vertical photograph over relatively level terrain, scale is approximately camera focal length divided by flying height above the ground.

Well-distributed, accurately surveyed ground control anchors the imagery to the target coordinate system and supports checking positional accuracy after processing.