Key Takeaways
- Five types of context clues: definition, example, synonym, antonym, inference
- Signal words help identify clue types
- Word parts (prefixes, suffixes, roots) help decode unfamiliar words
- Read surrounding sentences to understand word meaning
- Help students predict meanings before using a dictionary
Vocabulary in Context
Understanding vocabulary in context means figuring out word meanings from surrounding text rather than memorizing definitions. This is a key skill for both the ParaPro exam and classroom support.
Why Context Matters
On the ParaPro, you won't have a dictionary. You'll need to determine word meanings from:
- Surrounding sentences
- Sentence structure
- Word parts (prefixes, suffixes, roots)
- Logical reasoning
Types of Context Clues
1. Definition Clues
The word is defined directly in the sentence.
The scientist studied ecology, the branch of biology dealing with organisms and their environment.
Signal words: is, means, refers to, is defined as
2. Example Clues
Examples help explain the unfamiliar word.
Many legumes, such as beans, peas, and lentils, are high in protein.
Signal words: such as, including, for example, like
3. Synonym Clues
A similar word appears nearby.
The exhausted runner was so tired she could barely stand.
Signal words: or, also known as, that is
4. Antonym Clues
An opposite word provides contrast.
Unlike his gregarious sister, Tom was shy and avoided social gatherings.
Signal words: unlike, but, however, instead of, rather than
5. Inference Clues
You must infer meaning from the general context.
After losing her job, Maria felt despondent for weeks, rarely leaving her room or talking to friends.
Clue: The description of sadness and withdrawal suggests "despondent" means deeply sad or hopeless.
Context Clue Strategy
| Step | Action | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Read the full sentence | Read for overall meaning |
| 2 | Look at surrounding sentences | Check before and after |
| 3 | Identify clue type | Definition? Example? Antonym? |
| 4 | Make a prediction | Guess the meaning |
| 5 | Test your answer | Does it make sense? |
Word Parts
Understanding prefixes, suffixes, and roots helps decode unfamiliar words.
Common Prefixes:
| Prefix | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| un-, im-, in- | not | unhappy, impossible |
| re- | again | rewrite |
| pre- | before | preview |
| mis- | wrong | misunderstand |
| dis- | not, opposite | disagree |
Common Suffixes:
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -ful | full of | helpful |
| -less | without | careless |
| -able/-ible | can be | readable |
| -tion/-sion | act of | education |
| -er/-or | one who | teacher |
Classroom Application
Help students learn vocabulary by:
- Teaching them to look for context clues before using a dictionary
- Creating word walls with new vocabulary
- Using graphic organizers for word analysis
- Encouraging students to make predictions about word meanings
- Reviewing common prefixes, suffixes, and roots
In the sentence "The abandoned building was dilapidated—broken windows, crumbling walls, and a sagging roof," what type of context clue helps define "dilapidated"?
What does the prefix "mis-" typically mean?