Nursing Fundamentals
20%of exam
Vital SignsInfection ControlMedication RightsDosage CalculationPhysical Assessment
Adult Nursing
40%of exam
CardiacRespiratoryEndocrine/RenalShockMental Health
Maternal-Child Nursing
30%of exam
AntepartumIntrapartum/PostpartumNeonatalPediatric
Nursing Management and Leadership
10%of exam
DelegationPrioritizationQuality/EthicsInformatics
Quick Facts
- Exam
- MOH Kuwait RN
- Body
- Kuwait MOH
- Questions
- 150 MCQ
- Time
- 170 min
- Pass
- 55-60%
- Format
- CBT, Prometric
- Attempts
- 3 per year
- Domains
- 4 sections
Rights of Medication Administration
Patient, Drug, Dose, Route, Time, Documentation
Patient: 2 identifiersDrug: check label 3xDose: verify calculationRoute: matches orderTime: within windowDocumentation: chart immediately
Standard vs Transmission-Based Precautions
Standard precautions
- Used for every patient
- Hand hygiene, basic PPE
Transmission-based precautions
- Added for specific pathogen
- Contact, droplet, or airborne
Baseline vs pathogen-specific add-on
Isolation Precaution Selection
- MRSA or C. diff→Use contact precautions
- Influenza or pertussis→Use droplet precautions
- TB, measles, or varicella→Use airborne precautions(N95, negative pressure)
- Status unknown or unclear→Use standard precautions
Vital Sign Normals
- Heart rate
- 60-100 bpm adult
- Respiratory rate
- 12-20 breaths/min adult
- Blood pressure
- Below 120/80 normal
- Temperature
- 36.5-37.5°C oral average
- SpO2
- 95-100% room air
- Apical pulse site
- 5th ICS, midclavicular line
Isolation Precaution Types
Standard, Contact, Droplet, Airborne
Standard: all patientsContact: gown plus glovesDroplet: mask, 3 feetAirborne: N95, negative pressure
Infection Control Basics
- Hand hygiene
- Before and after contact
- Standard precautions
- Used for every patient
- Contact precautions
- Gown and gloves
- Droplet precautions
- Mask, stay over 3ft
- Airborne precautions
- N95 mask, negative pressure room
- PPE doffing order
- Gloves removed first
Medication Administration Rights
- Right patient
- Two identifiers, not room number
- Right drug
- Check label three times
- Right dose
- Verify calculation, double-check high-alert
- Right route
- Matches provider order exactly
- Right time
- Give within dosing window
- Right documentation
- Chart immediately after giving
- Right to refuse
- Patient autonomy respected always
Dosage Calculation Formulas
- Basic dose formula
- Desired over have, times quantity
- IV rate mL/hr
- Volume divided by time
- IV drip rate
- Volume x drop factor/time
- Weight-based dosing
- mg/kg times patient weight
- Pediatric dose check
- Verify against safe range
Shock Types Mnemonic
Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Septic, Anaphylactic, Neurogenic
Hypovolemic: volume lossCardiogenic: pump failureSeptic: infection sourceAnaphylactic: allergen, give epinephrineNeurogenic: spinal injury
DKA vs HHS
DKA
- Ketones present
- Kussmaul breathing pattern
- Usually type 1 diabetes
HHS
- No ketones present
- Extremely high glucose
- Usually type 2 diabetes
Ketones present vs absent
Shock Type Recognition
- Fluid or blood loss→Suspect hypovolemic shock
- Infection with fever→Suspect septic shock
- Pump failure post-MI→Suspect cardiogenic shock
- Allergen exposure, hives→Give epinephrine first
- Spinal cord injury→Suspect neurogenic shock
Cardiac Conditions
- Myocardial infarction
- Chest pain, ST elevation
- Left heart failure
- Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema
- Right heart failure
- Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly
- Cardiac tamponade
- Beck's triad: muffled, hypotensive, JVD
- Hypertensive crisis
- Above 180/120 mmHg
- Angina vs MI
- Relieved by rest or not
Left HF vs Right HF
Left heart failure
- Pulmonary edema, crackles
- Dyspnea, orthopnea
Right heart failure
- Peripheral edema
- JVD, hepatomegaly
Lungs vs body
Respiratory Conditions
- COPD breathing
- Pursed-lip breathing technique
- Asthma
- Wheeze, bronchospasm, use bronchodilator
- Pneumonia
- Fever, crackles, productive cough
- Pulmonary embolism
- Sudden dyspnea, pleuritic pain
- Chest tube care
- Monitor tidaling and bubbling
Hypovolemic vs Early Septic Shock
Hypovolemic shock
- Fluid or blood loss
- Cool, pale skin
Early septic shock
- Infection source present
- Warm, flushed skin
Cause differs, skin differs
Endocrine and Renal Emergencies
- DKA
- Hyperglycemia, ketones, Kussmaul breathing
- HHS
- Extreme glucose, no ketones
- Hypoglycemia
- Below 70 mg/dL
- Chronic kidney disease
- Monitor potassium and fluids
- Acute kidney injury
- Rising creatinine, low output
Shock and Critical Care
- Hypovolemic shock
- Fluid or blood loss
- Septic shock
- Warm then cold, hypotensive
- Cardiogenic shock
- Pump failure after MI
- Anaphylactic shock
- Epinephrine given first
- Mechanical ventilation
- Monitor ABGs and settings
Mental Health Priorities
- Suicide risk
- Ask directly, ensure safety
- Therapeutic communication
- Open-ended questions, active listening
- Substance withdrawal
- Monitor vital signs closely
- Psychosis
- Reduce stimuli, ensure safety
- Anxiety
- Calm, low-stimulus environment
APGAR Scoring Mnemonic
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
Appearance: skin colorPulse: heart rateGrimace: reflex responseActivity: muscle toneRespiration: breathing effort
APGAR vs Gestational Age Score
APGAR score
- Newborn transition at birth
- Scored at 1, 5 minutes
Ballard/gestational score
- Estimates gestational age
- Physical plus neuro maturity
Transition vs maturity estimate
Maternal-Child Emergency Response
- Rising BP, proteinuria→Assess for preeclampsia
- Seizure during pregnancy→Give magnesium sulfate
- Late FHR decelerations→Reposition, give oxygen
- Boggy uterine fundus→Perform fundal massage
- Newborn with jaundice→Start phototherapy
Antepartum and High-Risk Pregnancy
- Preeclampsia
- High BP plus proteinuria
- Eclampsia
- Seizures, give magnesium sulfate
- Gestational diabetes
- Screened at 24-28 weeks
- Rh incompatibility
- RhoGAM at 28 weeks
- Fundal height
- Centimeters equal gestation weeks
Intrapartum and Postpartum Care
- Fetal heart rate
- 110-160 bpm normal
- Late decelerations
- Uteroplacental insufficiency, reposition patient
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Over 500 mL blood
- Fundus assessment
- Firm and midline expected
- Breastfeeding first days
- Colostrum feeds the newborn
Neonatal Assessment
- APGAR score
- Five categories, 0 to 2
- APGAR timing
- Scored at 1 and 5 minutes
- Newborn heart rate
- 110-160 bpm normal
- Phototherapy
- Treats newborn hyperbilirubinemia
- Thermoregulation
- Prevent newborn cold stress
Pediatric Nursing Priorities
- Pediatric vital signs
- Vary by age, weight
- Dehydration signs
- Sunken fontanelle, dry mucosa
- Pediatric asthma
- Wheeze, retractions, tripod position
- Intussusception
- Currant jelly stool, colicky pain
- Growth and development
- Follow age-based milestones
Delegate vs RN-Only Tasks
Delegate to UAP
- Stable vital signs
- Routine hygiene, ADLs
RN retains task
- Assessment and teaching
- IV meds, evaluation
Stable task vs judgment
Priority Setting Framework
- Multiple patients need care→Apply ABC then Maslow(Airway always first)
- Stable vs unstable patient→See unstable patient first(Safety risk highest)
- New vs existing complaint→Address new acute change(Acute over chronic)
- Routine, stable task→Delegate to UAP
- Assessment or teaching needed→RN must perform task
- Handoff between shifts→Use SBAR format
Delegation and Prioritization
- ABC priority
- Airway, breathing, circulation first
- Delegate to UAP
- Stable, routine, non-invasive tasks
- RN-only tasks
- Assessment, teaching, evaluation, IV meds
- Maslow's hierarchy
- Physiologic needs come first
- Unstable patient first
- Assign most experienced nurse
Quality, Safety, and Ethics
- Sentinel event
- Report immediately, unexpected harm
- Informed consent
- Physician obtains, nurse witnesses
- Patient advocacy
- Voice patient's wishes clearly
- Nursing informatics
- Accurate, timely EHR documentation
- SBAR handoff
- Situation, background, assessment, recommendation
Common Traps
DKA ≠ HHS
Ketones present ≠ No ketones, extreme glucose
Standard precautions ≠ transmission-based
Baseline for all patients ≠ Added for specific pathogens
Delegate ≠ RN-only task
Routine ADLs delegable ≠ Assessment stays with RN
APGAR ≠ gestational age score
Transition at birth ≠ Maturity assessed separately
Left HF ≠ right HF
Pulmonary symptoms dominate ≠ Peripheral symptoms dominate
Hypoglycemia ≠ hyperglycemia
Below 70 mg/dL ≠ Above 180 mg/dL
Last Minute
- 1.Weights: 20/40/30/10 percent
- 2.150 questions, 170 minutes total
- 3.Airway, breathing, circulation first
- 4.Two patient identifiers always
- 5.APGAR scored at 1, 5 min
- 6.Contact, droplet, airborne precautions differ
- 7.DKA has ketones, HHS none
- 8.Delegate stable tasks, not judgment
- 9.Fundus firm and midline postpartum
- 10.SBAR for all handoffs
Same family resources
Explore More Gulf Nurse Licensing Exams
Continue into nearby exams from the same family. Each card keeps practice questions, study guides, flashcards, videos, and articles in one place.
More From This Family
Videos and articles for deeper review.