3.3 Phase B: Business Architecture Inputs, Steps, Outputs & Artifacts

3.3 Phase B: Business Architecture Inputs, Steps, Outputs & Artifacts

Executive Summary: Phase B of the TOGAF ADM develops Baseline and Target Business Architectures, performs Gap Analysis, and creates comprehensive architectural artifacts including catalogs, matrices, and diagrams to support enterprise decision-making.

1. Phase B Objectives & Overview

The objective of Phase B (Business Architecture) is to describe how the enterprise needs to operate to achieve its business goals, as established in the Architecture Vision (Phase A).

Phase B produces both the Baseline Business Architecture (current state) and the Target Business Architecture (future state), allowing architects to analyze gaps, assess business impacts, and establish candidate roadmap components.

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2. Inputs to Phase B

Phase B relies on key inputs from previous ADM phases and governance framework assets:

• Approved Statement of Architecture Work (Phase A contract)
• Architecture Vision Document (Phase A summary of target goals and scope)
• Request for Architecture Work (Initial project trigger)
• Architecture Principles (Including business principles established in Preliminary Phase / Phase A)
• Enterprise Continuum Assets (Reference models, baseline architecture descriptions, domain standards)

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3. The 9 ADM Steps of Phase B

TOGAF structures Phase B execution into nine sequential steps:

1. Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools: Identify relevant industry reference models (e.g., BIAN for banking, eTOM for telecom), business viewpoints, and modeling tools.
2. Develop Baseline Business Architecture Description: Document existing state of business organization, capabilities, value streams, functions, and processes.
3. Develop Target Business Architecture Description: Model proposed future business state required to support the Architecture Vision.
4. Perform Gap Analysis: Compare Baseline vs Target to identify additions, modifications, and eliminations.
5. Define Candidate Roadmap Components: Identify business building blocks and initiatives that will bridge identified gaps.
6. Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape: Check for cross-domain impacts on Data, Application, Technology, and Governance architectures.
7. Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review: Present Baseline, Target, and Gap Analysis to stakeholders to validate alignment with concerns.
8. Finalize the Business Architecture: Incorporate stakeholder feedback and finalize architecture models.
9. Create Architecture Definition Document (Business Portion): Package all Phase B outputs into formal architecture deliverables.

       PHASE B ADM STEPS EXECUTION FLOW
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
 | 1. Select Reference Models, Viewpoints & Tools        |
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
                           |
                           v
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
 | 2. Develop Baseline  --->  3. Develop Target          |
 |    Business Arch          Business Arch               |
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
                           |
                           v
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
 | 4. Perform Gap Analysis (Baseline vs Target)           |
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
                           |
                           v
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
 | 5. Candidate Roadmap  --> 6. Cross-Landscape Impact   |
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
                           |
                           v
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
 | 7. Stakeholder Review --> 8. Finalize Arch            |
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
                           |
                           v
 +-------------------------------------------------------+
 | 9. Create Architecture Definition Document (Business) |
 +-------------------------------------------------------+

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4. Gap Analysis Technique in Phase B

Gap Analysis is a mandatory TOGAF technique used to discover missing, duplicated, or un-allocated architectural elements between Baseline and Target states.

Gap Analysis Matrix

In a standard Gap Analysis Matrix, Baseline Architecture elements are listed down vertical rows, and Target Architecture elements are listed across horizontal columns.

4 Key Gap Categories

1. Unchanged / Retained: Elements present in baseline that continue into target with no significant change.
2. Modified: Elements present in baseline that require upgrade, refactoring, or expansion in target.
3. New / Added: Elements not present in baseline that must be created or acquired to achieve target.
4. Eliminated / Decommissioned (Gap): Baseline elements intentionally retired or inadvertently omitted in target planning.

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5. Phase B Artifacts: Catalogs, Matrices & Diagrams

The TOGAF Architecture Content Framework specifies three types of architectural artifacts created in Phase B:

Core Catalogs (Inventories)

• Organization / Actor Catalog: List of all internal/external organizational units, roles, and actors.
• Capability Catalog: Structured inventory of all business capabilities.
• Value Stream Catalog: List of end-to-end value streams and value stages.
• Role Catalog: Inventory of business roles and authorization boundaries.

Core Matrices (Relationships)

• Value Stream / Capability Matrix: Maps business capabilities required to enable specific value stream stages.
• Strategy / Capability Matrix: Maps strategic goals to supporting business capabilities.
• Process / Event / Control / Product Matrix: Maps interactions between processes, triggering events, operational controls, and products.

Core Diagrams (Visualizations)

• Business Footprint Diagram: Visually depicts organizational units, locations, and business functions on a single map.
• Value Stream Map: Depicts value stages, triggering events, and outcomes.
• Functional Decomposition Diagram: Shows hierarchical decomposition of business functions into sub-functions.
• Goal / Objective / Service Diagram: Traces business goals down to business services.

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Section Summary & Exam Focus

• Memorize the 9 ADM steps of Phase B, starting with selecting reference models/viewpoints and ending with packaging deliverables.
• Understand how the Gap Analysis Matrix operates (Rows = Baseline, Columns = Target).
• Know the 3 categories of TOGAF artifacts: Catalogs (lists), Matrices (relationship tables), and Diagrams (visual graphics).