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100+ Free Pediatrics Shelf Practice Questions

Pass your NBME Clinical Science Subject Examination in Pediatrics exam on the first try — instant access, no signup required.

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A 9-year-old has 2 months of polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue. Random glucose is 310 mg/dL, and urine ketones are small. What long-term therapy is required?

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Pediatrics Shelf Exam

110

Official Exam Items

NBME Timing Chart

2h45m

Official Testing Time

NBME Timing Chart

55%-60%

Diagnosis Task Weight

NBME Pediatrics Outline

65%-70%

Ambulatory Care Weight

NBME Pediatrics Outline

20%-25%

Emergency Department Site Weight

NBME Pediatrics Outline

100

Practice Questions Here

Open Exam Prep

The official NBME Pediatrics Subject Exam is a 110-item, 2 hour 45 minute proctored exam. NBME's current public outline lists diagnosis as the largest physician-task band at 55%-60%, management/prevention at 20%-25%, ambulatory care at 65%-70% of site of care, emergency department care at 20%-25%, and inpatient care at 12%-16%.

Sample Pediatrics Shelf Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Pediatrics Shelf exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1A term newborn delivered by scheduled cesarean section has tachypnea and mild retractions 1 hour after birth. Oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. Chest radiograph shows hyperinflation with fluid in the interlobar fissures. The mother was afebrile and membranes ruptured at delivery. What is the most appropriate management?
A.Immediate endotracheal surfactant
B.Supportive care with oxygen as needed
C.Ampicillin and gentamicin for 10 days
D.Emergent surgical repair of a diaphragmatic hernia
Explanation: Transient tachypnea of the newborn is caused by delayed fetal lung fluid clearance, especially after cesarean delivery. It is usually self-limited and treated with supportive oxygen and feeding support as needed.
2A male infant born at 29 weeks gestation develops grunting, nasal flaring, and increasing oxygen requirement shortly after birth. Chest radiograph shows diffuse reticulogranular opacities and low lung volumes. Which intervention directly treats the underlying pathophysiology?
A.Indomethacin
B.Inhaled nitric oxide
C.Exogenous surfactant with positive airway pressure
D.Ribavirin
Explanation: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is due to surfactant deficiency in premature infants. Continuous positive airway pressure and exogenous surfactant improve alveolar stability and oxygenation.
3A 12-hour-old newborn has temperature instability, poor feeding, lethargy, and respiratory distress. The mother had intrapartum fever and unknown group B Streptococcus status. What is the best next step?
A.Reassurance because symptoms are common in the first day
B.Blood culture and empiric ampicillin plus gentamicin
C.Oral amoxicillin and outpatient follow-up
D.Lumbar puncture only if seizures occur
Explanation: Early-onset neonatal sepsis requires prompt blood culture and empiric IV antibiotics covering group B Streptococcus, E coli, and Listeria. Ampicillin plus gentamicin is standard initial therapy.
4A 36-hour-old newborn has jaundice. The mother is blood type O positive and the infant is A positive. Total bilirubin is above the phototherapy threshold, direct bilirubin is normal, and direct antiglobulin testing is positive. What is the most likely cause of the jaundice?
A.Breast milk jaundice from beta-glucuronidase
B.Biliary atresia
C.ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
D.Physiologic jaundice only
Explanation: ABO incompatibility can cause immune hemolysis with early unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and a positive direct antiglobulin test. Treatment is based on bilirubin level and risk factors, usually phototherapy when above threshold.
5A premature infant who recently started enteral feeds develops abdominal distention, temperature instability, and bloody stools. Abdominal radiograph shows pneumatosis intestinalis. What is the best initial management?
A.Stop feeds, decompress the stomach, and start broad-spectrum IV antibiotics
B.Increase caloric density of feeds
C.Immediate air enema reduction
D.Oral rehydration solution and discharge
Explanation: Necrotizing enterocolitis presents in premature infants after feeding with abdominal distention, bloody stools, systemic illness, and pneumatosis. Initial treatment is bowel rest, gastric decompression, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and surgical consultation.
6A 5-week-old infant has persistent jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools. Laboratory testing shows elevated direct bilirubin. What is the most important next step?
A.Reassure the parents that breast milk jaundice peaks at this age
B.Urgent evaluation for biliary atresia and referral for Kasai portoenterostomy if confirmed
C.Start phenobarbital and repeat bilirubin in 2 months
D.Phototherapy at home
Explanation: Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with acholic stools suggests biliary atresia. Early diagnosis and surgical referral for Kasai portoenterostomy improves bile drainage and outcomes.
7A large-for-gestational-age newborn of a mother with poorly controlled diabetes becomes jittery 2 hours after birth. Bedside glucose is 32 mg/dL. What mechanism best explains this finding?
A.Transient fetal hyperinsulinemia after chronic maternal hyperglycemia
B.Inability to produce cortisol because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
C.Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D.Maternal Graves disease causing neonatal thyrotoxicosis
Explanation: Maternal hyperglycemia causes fetal hyperglycemia and pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia. After delivery, maternal glucose supply stops but neonatal insulin remains high, causing hypoglycemia.
8A newborn has cyanosis that worsens during feeding and improves when crying. A catheter cannot be passed through either nostril. What is the immediate priority?
A.Place the infant prone and observe
B.Establish an oral airway and arrange surgical repair
C.Begin phototherapy
D.Administer inhaled albuterol
Explanation: Bilateral choanal atresia causes respiratory distress because newborns are obligate nasal breathers. Initial management is an oral airway or McGovern nipple, followed by definitive surgical repair.
9A 3-week-old infant has poor feeding, constipation, prolonged jaundice, a large posterior fontanelle, and an umbilical hernia. Newborn screen shows elevated TSH. What is the best treatment?
A.Methimazole
B.Levothyroxine
C.Hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone
D.No treatment until repeat testing at 6 months
Explanation: Congenital hypothyroidism must be treated promptly with levothyroxine to prevent irreversible neurodevelopmental impairment.
10After a difficult shoulder delivery, a newborn holds the right arm adducted, internally rotated, and extended at the elbow. The Moro reflex is absent on that side, but grasp is intact. Which nerve roots are injured?
A.C5-C6 upper brachial plexus
B.C8-T1 lower brachial plexus
C.Phrenic nerve C3-C5
D.Facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen
Explanation: Erb palsy is an upper trunk brachial plexus injury involving C5-C6, often after shoulder dystocia. The grasp reflex is preserved because lower plexus function is intact.

About the Pediatrics Shelf Exam

The NBME Pediatrics Clinical Science Subject Exam is commonly used near the end of a medical school pediatrics clerkship. The public NBME outline emphasizes ambulatory pediatric diagnosis and management across newborn care, growth and development, prevention, infectious disease, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal/urologic, endocrine, hematology-oncology, adolescent medicine, emergencies, ethics, and social science topics.

Questions

110 scored questions

Time Limit

2 hours, 45 minutes

Passing Score

School-defined; NBME provides scaled scores and norms

Exam Fee

Institution-dependent (National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME))

Pediatrics Shelf Exam Content Outline

10%-15% multisystem; 5%-10% newborn/congenital

Newborn, Congenital, and Multisystem Care

Respiratory distress, prematurity, neonatal sepsis, jaundice, congenital anomalies, newborn screening, feeding, child abuse, toxicology, shock, and emergency stabilization.

8%-12% GI; 5%-10% renal; 5%-10% endocrine

GI, Nutrition, Renal, and Endocrine

Pyloric stenosis, intussusception, malrotation, celiac disease, dehydration, rickets, UTIs, nephrotic and nephritic syndromes, HUS, DKA, CAH, thyroid disease, growth, and puberty.

5%-10% respiratory; 5%-10% cardiovascular

Respiratory and Cardiovascular

Bronchiolitis, asthma, pneumonia, croup, epiglottitis, foreign body aspiration, cystic fibrosis, OSA, congenital heart disease, murmurs, cyanosis, heart failure, and syncope.

3%-7% each for infectious disease, blood, immune, and related systems

Infectious Disease and Hematology-Oncology

AOM, GAS pharyngitis, Kawasaki disease, meningitis, congenital infections, Lyme disease, pertussis, sickle cell complications, iron deficiency, ITP, leukemia, Wilms tumor, and bleeding disorders.

Behavioral health 1%-5%; social sciences 1%-5%; prevention across systems

Growth, Development, Prevention, and Adolescent Medicine

Well-child care, immunizations, lead screening, safe sleep, obesity, language delay, autism screening, confidentiality, contraception, STIs, depression, suicidality, ADHD, eating disorders, and dysmenorrhea.

Task mix: diagnosis 55%-60%, management/prevention 20%-25%

Clinical Reasoning Tasks

Most items require diagnosis, next best diagnostic test, first-line therapy, prevention, counseling, emergency stabilization, or disposition in ambulatory and emergency settings.

How to Pass the Pediatrics Shelf Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: School-defined; NBME provides scaled scores and norms
  • Exam length: 110 questions
  • Time limit: 2 hours, 45 minutes
  • Exam fee: Institution-dependent

Keys to Passing

  • Complete 500+ practice questions
  • Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
  • Focus on highest-weighted sections
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Pediatrics Shelf Study Tips from Top Performers

1Know age-specific patterns: newborn respiratory distress, infant feeding and jaundice, toddler infections and injuries, school-age asthma and abdominal pain, and adolescent confidentiality and mental health.
2Use vital signs and appearance to choose disposition: toxic appearance, hypoxemia, dehydration, shock, altered mental status, and suspected abuse change management immediately.
3Tie prevention questions to the visit age: vaccines, lead and anemia screening, autism and developmental screening, safe sleep, car seats, nutrition, and adolescent risk screening.
4For vomiting questions, first decide whether it is bilious, projectile, bloody, or associated with obstruction, dehydration, or shock.
5For infectious disease, know when antibiotics prevent complications and when supportive care is preferred, such as bronchiolitis and uncomplicated viral gastroenteritis.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many questions are on the official NBME Pediatrics shelf exam?

The NBME Subject Exam Timing Chart lists the Pediatrics Clinical Science Subject Exam as 110 items with a 2 hour, 45 minute testing time. This site's practice bank contains 100 original practice questions.

What topics are most important for the Pediatrics shelf?

NBME's public outline is broad, with multisystem processes, GI, renal, endocrine, respiratory, cardiovascular, newborn/congenital care, infectious disease, hematology, neurologic, behavioral, and prevention topics. Diagnosis is the largest task band.

Is the Pediatrics shelf mostly outpatient pediatrics?

Yes, the NBME outline lists ambulatory care as the largest site-of-care band at 65%-70%, but emergency department and inpatient care are also represented. Students should be ready for preventive care, common clinic problems, and urgent stabilization.

Who sets the passing score?

NBME provides equated scores and normative feedback, but medical schools determine how the score is used for clerkship grading, honors cutoffs, remediation, and retakes.

How should I use this qbank?

Work in timed mixed blocks, then review each explanation. For missed questions, label the error as diagnosis, test selection, prevention, management, emergency priority, or ethics/confidentiality.