Free Practice Questions for Romanian Law for Foreign Lawyers

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Sample Romanian Law for Foreign Lawyers Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Romanian Law for Foreign Lawyers exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 50+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1A group of qualified lawyers proposes a Romanian bar outside UNBR, arguing that professional autonomy permits a parallel bar structure. How does Article 1 of Law no. 51/1995 affect that proposal?

A.It is permitted if every proposed member is already professionally qualified

B.It is prohibited because professional autonomy does not authorise bars outside UNBR

C.It is permitted if the proposed bar adopts the national professional statute

D.It is permitted if the group first registers as an ordinary civil association

Explanation: Article 1 of Law no. 51/1995 establishes a free and independent profession with autonomous organisation and operation. It also prohibits bars outside Uniunea Națională a Barourilor din România (UNBR); autonomy does not authorise parallel bar structures.

2A foreign lawyer is subject to the practice regime in Article 13 of Law no. 51/1995, rather than the separate EU/EEA regime in Chapter VII. Which activity falls within the express exception to Article 13(4)'s restriction on oral or written submissions before Romanian judicial bodies?

A.Representing a client in any civil court after passing the Romanian-law examination

B.Making submissions in criminal proceedings if a Romanian lawyer signs them too

C.Appearing in domestic arbitration because all arbitration is excepted

D.Making submissions before an international arbitration court

Explanation: Article 13(4) restricts oral and written submissions before judicial bodies and other jurisdictional bodies, while expressly excepting international arbitration courts. Passing the Romanian-law examination under Article 13(2) does not erase that restriction. Chapter VII provides a separate regime for EU/EEA lawyers and must not be conflated with this rule.

3A client ends the retainer and asks the lawyer to treat professional confidentiality as automatically expired. What is the correct response under Law no. 51/1995 and the Statutul profesiei de avocat?

A.Professional secrecy continues without a time limit, subject to the expressly regulated exceptions

B.Professional secrecy ends when the final fee is paid

C.Professional secrecy continues only until the related court case becomes final

D.Professional secrecy ends whenever the former client gives written permission

Explanation: Article 11 of Law no. 51/1995 and Articles 8–9 of the Statutul profesiei de avocat protect professional secrecy beyond termination of the retainer. The duty is unlimited in time, and the client cannot simply release the lawyer from it. Express exceptions, including strictly necessary disclosure for the lawyer's own defence in specified proceedings, must be distinguished from a general waiver.

4Before a civil case is decided, a lawyer agrees that the entire fee will be 25% of whatever the client recovers, with no fixed or hourly fee. How does the Statutul profesiei de avocat classify this arrangement?

A.A permitted success supplement because the percentage was agreed in advance

B.A permitted fixed fee because the percentage is certain

C.A prohibited pact de quota litis because the entire fee depends exclusively on the judicial result

D.A permitted fee if the client confirms informed consent in writing

Explanation: Article 130 of the statute prohibits a pact de quota litis agreed before final resolution that makes the entire fee depend exclusively on the judicial result. Article 129 permits an onorariu de succes as a supplement to a fixed or hourly fee. The distinction concerns the exclusive basis of remuneration, rather than percentage wording alone.

5A client has not paid a fee that is due under a legally concluded contract de asistență juridică. What status does Article 30(5) of Law no. 51/1995 give that contract?

A.It becomes enforceable only after notarisation

B.It is an enforceable title, with enforcement following the Civil Procedure Code

C.It is enforceable only after the bar council awards the unpaid fee

D.It is evidence of the debt but can never itself support enforcement

Explanation: Article 30(5) of Law no. 51/1995 gives a legally concluded legal-assistance contract the status of titlu executoriu. Enforcement remains subject to the Civil Procedure Code, so this status does not authorise informal seizure of the client's property.

6Which activity is expressly compatible with practising as a lawyer under Article 16 of Law no. 51/1995?

A.Working as a salaried employee in another profession

B.Personally conducting a commercial business as a trader

C.Holding an occupation that impairs professional independence

D.Teaching in higher legal education

Explanation: Article 16 expressly permits teaching activities in higher legal education alongside legal practice. Article 15 separately identifies incompatible salaried work in other professions, direct commercial activity, and occupations affecting professional dignity or independence.

7Two cabinete individuale want to share premises and equipment while preserving separate relationships with their clients. Which arrangement does Article 5(4) of Law no. 51/1995 specifically provide for this purpose?

A.Cabinete grupate, sharing technical and economic facilities while preserving individual client relationships

B.Cabinete asociate, necessarily transferring each lawyer's professional rights to the association

C.A societate profesională cu răspundere limitată, without registration or legal personality

D.A single cabinet individual owned by both lawyers as equal titular holders

Explanation: Article 5(4) permits grouping individual offices to create technical and economic facilities while retaining their individuality in dealings with clients. Association under Article 5(3) is a different arrangement for joint practice. Even in association, each titular lawyer's professional rights and obligations remain personal and cannot be assigned.

8A societate profesională cu răspundere limitată owes rent on its premises. Considering the entity's debt and its associates' liability in that capacity under Article 6 of Law no. 51/1995, which statement is correct?

A.The landlord may recover only from the registered capital, even if the society owns other assets

B.Each associate is automatically liable without limit for the society's unpaid rent

C.The society's own patrimony guarantees its obligations, while associates' personal liability is limited to their contribution

D.Only the associate who used the premises owes the society's rent

Explanation: Article 6 distinguishes the society's own patrimony, which guarantees its obligations, from the associates' limited personal liability up to their contribution. The entity's patrimony is not restricted to the figure recorded as registered capital. This rule about society debts does not remove lawyers' separate professional duties or disciplinary responsibility.

9A lawyer who is neither a bar dean nor a member of the UNBR Council faces a disciplinary charge. Under Article 87 of Law no. 51/1995, which body hears the charge at first instance?

A.The bar council acting as the disciplinary trial panel

B.The bar's disciplinary commission

C.The UNBR Central Disciplinary Commission in every case

D.The bar dean acting alone

Explanation: Article 87(1) assigns first-instance disciplinary adjudication of ordinary bar members to the bar's disciplinary commission. Article 87(2) gives the Central Disciplinary Commission special first-instance competence over bar deans and UNBR Council members, as well as its appellate role.

10Which description matches the lawyers' social-insurance system provided for by Article 32 of Law no. 51/1995?

A.An optional private investment account replacing all professional social insurance

B.A scheme financed entirely from the general state budget

C.A bar-specific scheme in which each bar may abolish contribution duties

D.An autonomous professional system funded by lawyers' contributions through Casa de Asigurări a Avocaților

Explanation: Article 32 provides for lawyers' social-insurance rights within their own autonomous system, financed by lawyers' contributions. Casa de Asigurări a Avocaților (CAA) administers that professional system. Its autonomous character does not make statutory contribution duties optional.

About the Romanian Law for Foreign Lawyers Exam

Independent practice for the UNBR Romanian Law Exam for Foreign Lawyers (Examenul de verificare a cunoștințelor de drept românesc și de limbă română pentru avocații străini). This bank contains 50 English-language practice MCQs with 10 questions in each of the five tested subjects: lawyer profession, civil law, civil procedure, criminal law, and criminal procedure. It provides selected-topic study practice, not complete coverage of every syllabus heading. This is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation, not an official translation, format simulation, or substitute for Romanian-language oral preparation. The examinable bibliography uses legislation in force on 31 December 2025.

Exam sponsor: Uniunea Națională a Barourilor din România (UNBR). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Day 1 (3 hours written for professional organisation, civil law, civil procedure, plus civil law oral colloquium); Day 2 (2 hours written for criminal law and criminal procedure, plus criminal law oral colloquium). Each civil-law and criminal-law subject grade averages its written and oral grades; the overall grade averages the five subject grades. Passing requires at least 7.00/10 overall and at least 6.00/10 in every written and oral assessment. No separate assignment or performance assessment is specified in the published regulation.

Time Limit

5 hours total written (3 hours Day 1, 2 hours Day 2) plus oral examinations

Passing Score

Minimum 7.00/10 overall average and at least 6.00/10 in each individual written and oral examination

Exam / Certification Fees

7,000 RON (September 2026 session)

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

UNBR Decision 495 of 22 May 2026 and Public Annexes A & B · Source checked 2026-10-10Decision of the UNBR Permanent Commission setting the 24–25 September 2026 session, 7,000 RON fee, exam regulations, and syllabus (legislation in force on 31 December 2025).
Law no. 51/1995 for the organisation and exercise of the legal profession · Source checked 2026-10-10UNBR's published pre-cutoff consolidated text. Article 13 and the separate EU/EEA regime in Chapter VII must be distinguished; later amendments are not automatically part of the September 2026 bibliography.
Statutul profesiei de avocat · Source checked 2026-10-10Official professional rules, including secrecy, fees and forms of practice. Use provisions effective by the exam's 31 December 2025 cutoff.
Civil Code of Romania (Law no. 287/2009) · Source checked 2026-10-10Official legislation record for the 19 December 2025 consolidation; follow its Codul civil link for the code. Distinguish this exam-cutoff version from the later 2026 consolidation.
Civil Procedure Code of Romania (Law no. 134/2010) · Source checked 2026-10-10Official republication with consolidation history. Select the version effective at the 31 December 2025 exam cutoff when studying amended provisions.
Criminal Code of Romania (Law no. 286/2009) · Source checked 2026-10-10Official code with amendment annotations; the bank uses the 31 December 2025 exam cutoff, rather than post-cutoff revisions.
Criminal Procedure Code of Romania (Law no. 135/2010) · Source checked 2026-10-10Official 19 December 2025 consolidation, effective at the exam cutoff. Later 2026 consolidations are separate from this sitting's bibliography.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.