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2026 Statistics
Key Facts: VWO Biologie Exam
3 Hours
CE Exam Duration
CvTE Examenblad 2026
1–10
Dutch Grading Scale
CvTE Regulations
≥5.5
Standard Passing Grade
Ministry of OCW
9 Subdomains
Core CE Syllabus Subdomains
CvTE Biology Syllabus 2026
Binas 7e
Allowed Data Reference
NVON / CvTE
CE + SE
Eindexamen Structure
Dutch Secondary Ed Rules
100 MCQs
Practice Adaptations
OpenExamPrep 2026
N-Term
National Normalization Factor
CvTE
Official VWO Biologie 2026 is CE (3-hour written exam) plus school SE. These 100 English MCQs provide practice aligned to CvTE VWO biology CE subdomains.
Sample VWO Biologie Practice Questions
Try these sample questions to test your VWO Biologie exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.
1During aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells, what is the net yield of ATP produced per molecule of glucose specifically during the glycolysis stage in the cytosol?
A.2 ATP
B.4 ATP
C.32 ATP
D.36 ATP
Explanation: Glycolysis consumes 2 ATP molecules during the initial phosphorylation steps and generates 4 ATP molecules via substrate-level phosphorylation, resulting in a net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
2In mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, high-energy electrons pass through Complexes I to IV of the electron transport chain. How does this electron flow drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase?
A.Electrons are directly transferred to ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP.
B.Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space, creating a electrochemical gradient that flows back into the matrix through ATP synthase.
C.Protons are pumped into the matrix, causing ATP synthase to actively export ATP into the cytosol.
D.Pyruvate is oxidized directly inside ATP synthase, releasing energy for ADP phosphorylation.
Explanation: The movement of electrons through the electron transport chain pumps protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton motive force (electrochemical gradient). As protons diffuse down their gradient back into the matrix through ATP synthase, the kinetic energy drives the rotational catalysis of ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
3During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in plant chloroplasts, what is the primary role of water photolysis at Photosystem II (PSII)?
A.To supply carbon dioxide for the Calvin cycle
B.To replace electrons lost by the reaction center P680 and generate protons and oxygen gas
C.To directly reduce 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
D.To absorb light energy and convert it into carbohydrates
Explanation: Photolysis splits water molecules (2 H2O -> 4 H+ + 4 e- + O2) at Photosystem II. The released electrons replace those lost when P680 is photo-oxidized, protons contribute to the thylakoid lumen H+ gradient, and oxygen gas is released as a byproduct.
4How does a non-competitive inhibitor affect an enzyme-catalyzed reaction compared to a competitive inhibitor?
A.It binds to the active site and increases Km without altering Vmax.
B.It binds to an allosteric site, reducing Vmax while leaving Km largely unchanged.
C.It competes directly with the substrate for active site binding, raising Vmax.
D.It permanently degrades the substrate molecule before it can reach the active site.
Explanation: A non-competitive inhibitor binds to an allosteric site (a region other than the active site), altering the enzyme's 3D conformation. This reduces the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) regardless of substrate concentration, while the substrate affinity (Km) remains unchanged.
5What is the primary physiological purpose of lactic acid fermentation in human skeletal muscle cells during intense anaerobic exercise?
A.To produce maximum ATP directly from pyruvate oxidation
B.To regenerate NAD+ from NADH so that glycolysis can continue producing ATP
C.To generate oxygen gas to support mitochondrial respiration
D.To convert glucose into glycogen for long-term storage
Explanation: Under anaerobic conditions, oxygen is unavailable as a terminal electron acceptor. Lactic acid fermentation reduces pyruvate to lactate using NADH, which regenerates NAD+. This replenished NAD+ pool allows glycolysis to continue generating 2 net ATP per glucose.
6For each turn of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) initiated by one acetyl-CoA molecule, what are the net products generated?
A.3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP (or GTP), and 2 CO2
B.1 NADH, 3 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 1 CO2
C.6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 4 CO2
D.2 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 ATP, and 6 CO2
Explanation: One turn of the citric acid cycle processes one acetyl-CoA (2-carbon group), producing 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP (or GTP via substrate-level phosphorylation), and releasing 2 CO2 molecules. (Note: per glucose molecule, two turns occur).
7Under conditions of high temperature, intense light, and closed stomata, plant RuBisCO binds oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. What process does this trigger and what is its outcome?
A.Photosynthesis speeds up because oxygen fuels the Calvin cycle.
B.Photorespiration occurs, consuming ATP and organic carbon while releasing CO2 without producing sugar.
C.Cyclic photophosphorylation stops and glucose accumulates in the thylakoid lumen.
D.The C4 pathway converts oxygen into oxaloacetate without energy loss.
Explanation: When RuBisCO oxygenates ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (photorespiration), it forms 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate. Processing phosphoglycolate through peroxisomes and mitochondria consumes ATP and reduced carbon while releasing CO2, reducing overall photosynthetic efficiency.
8How does cyclic photophosphorylation differ from non-cyclic photophosphorylation in chloroplasts?
A.Cyclic involves only Photosystem I and generates ATP without producing NADPH or O2.
B.Cyclic involves Photosystem II only and splits water to produce NADPH.
C.Cyclic produces both NADPH and ATP, while non-cyclic produces only oxygen.
D.Cyclic occurs in the stroma and does not require a membrane proton gradient.
Explanation: In cyclic photophosphorylation, excited electrons from Photosystem I (P700) pass down an electron transport chain back to P700. This pumps protons into the thylakoid lumen to generate ATP via ATP synthase, but does not involve PSII, water photolysis (no O2), or NADP+ reduction (no NADPH).
9Uncoupling proteins (such as thermogenin / UCP1) in brown adipose tissue inner mitochondrial membranes allow protons to leak back into the matrix. What is the metabolic consequence of this uncoupling?
A.ATP synthesis increases while heat generation drops.
B.Electron transport stops completely, halting oxygen consumption.
C.Proton motive force is dissipated as thermal energy (heat) instead of driving ATP synthesis.
D.Glucose is directly converted into fatty acids without entering glycolysis.
Explanation: Uncoupling proteins provide an alternative pathway for H+ ions to return to the matrix bypassing ATP synthase. The energy stored in the electrochemical proton gradient is released as heat (non-shivering thermogenesis), while ATP synthesis per oxygen consumed drops.
10Which molecule acts as the oxidized coenzyme that accepts electrons and protons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to become reduced?
A.NAD+
B.NADH
C.ATP
D.Pyruvate
Explanation: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the oxidized form of the coenzyme. It accepts two electrons and one proton (H+) during metabolic dehydrogenation reactions to form the reduced electron carrier NADH.
About the VWO Biologie Practice Questions
Verified exam format metadata for Netherlands VWO Biologie — Centraal Examen and Schoolexamen is pending. The practice questions above remain available while official exam length, timing, passing score, fee, and administrator details are reviewed.